English 1A-End of Semester Test: South Carolina English 1A

Match each term to its correct definition. 1. an author's choice of words 2. the overall atmosphere or feeling that a literary work creates for the reader 3. the author's attitude toward the subject 4. the way an author, narrator, or speaker expresses his or her personality in a text

1. diction 2. mood 3. tone 4. voice

Which organizational structure would be best for each situation? 1. Hank is writing a proposal about ways to fixissues with the student drop-off lanes at his school. 2. Kai is writing an informational article aboutthe features of his favorite bike. 3. Gwen is writing a speech and begins with herkey ideas so that she can emphasize their importance. 4. Eva is writing an essay about her school'snew computers and their impact on students.

1. problem-solution 2. spatial 3. order of importance 4. cause-effect

Which word with similar denotation best completes each sentence with the correct connotation? 1. Mariah has gone up against the best players on the tennis court yet remains______________________. 2. You have a very_____________________ name--I have not heard it before. 3. Inspector Clouseau's boss has the____________________ habit of twitching one eye when annoyed. 4. A copyright gives one the _______________________ right to use a product name.

1. unrivaled 2. unique 3. peculiar 4. exclusive

___________________________ clue provides enough evidence for you to make an educated guess at the meaning.

An inference

What does the word stands suggest about the eagle in the poem? The Eagle by Alfred, Lord Tennyson He clasps the crag with crooked hands;Close to the sun in lonely lands,Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;He watches from his mountain walls,And like a thunderbolt he falls.

He is powerful.

The author implies that the researchers on this project are pioneers in their field. How does the author's use of chronological order help to convey this idea? adapted from "An Extended Map of the Human Brain" NIH Research Matters Our thinking, perception, and ability to understand language are processed in the outermost layer of the brain. This area is known as the cerebral cortex. Researchers are still working to understand how the cerebral cortex is organized. Scientists have used a variety of techniques to map the brain's organization over the past century. However, these measures don't always reveal the same boundaries and borders in the brain's landscape. A team at Washington University in St. Louis wanted to get a better view of how the cortex is organized. This team, led by Dr. Matthew Glasser and Dr. David Van Essen, combined several measures to create one brain map. The team collected high quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 130 female and 80 male participants. The researchers measured both structural and functional aspects of the participants' brains. MRI scans revealed the thickness of the cortex and the amount of protective covering surrounding brain cells. Functional MRIs measured the participants' brain activity during a resting state. They also measured their brain activity while performing different tasks, such as listening to a story, looking at pictures, or doing math. The scientists used the data to identify brain regions based on specific roles and determine which regions correlated to specific activities. The researchers combined the data from these multiple measures, focusing on where at least two measures changed together across the surface of the cortex. This approach mapped 180 distinct areas in the brain. Finally, the team verified that the brain map created from the averaged data set could be applied to new data. "These new insights and tools should help to explain how our cortex evolved and the roles of its specialized areas in health and disease, and could eventually hold promise for unprecedented precision in brain surgery and clinical work-ups," says Dr. Bruce Cuthbert, acting director of NIH's National Institute of Mental Health.

It allows the author to show that the information gained in this research is new.

How does the last paragraph contribute to the development of ideas in the passage? adapted from "The Making of the Apollo 11 Mission Patch" NASA History Following tradition, the Apollo 11 crew was given the task of designing its mission patch. Apollo 11 was, and still is, one of the most publicly recognized NASA missions ever. The eyes of the world were on Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. The Apollo 11 patch not only needed to be a symbol for the mission, it had to convey the intentions of America and the hopes of NASA. With this daunting task in front of them, the astronauts set forth to create a design. After some discussion, the crew decided to keep their names off the patch. Michael Collins explains: "We wanted to keep our three names off it because we wanted the design to be representative of everyone who had worked toward a lunar landing, and there were thousands who could take a proprietary interest in it, yet who would never see their names woven into the fabric of a patch. Further, we wanted the design to be symbolic rather than explicit." Like the decision to keep the crew names off the patch, the choice to use the Arabic numerals "11" instead of "XI" or even "eleven" was purposeful. Neil Armstrong disliked spelling out "eleven," because it wouldn't be easily understandable to foreigners, so the crew decided on "11." Fellow astronaut Jim Lovell suggested they use an eagle, the national bird of the United States, as the focus of the patch. Running with that proposal, Michael Collins found a picture of an eagle in a book about birds and traced it. He then sketched in a field of craters beneath the eagle's claws and the earth behind its wings. The crew felt the patch didn't quite tell the right story. Tom Wilson, the Apollo 11 simulator instructor, suggested they add an olive branch as a symbol of the peaceful expedition. The crew was delighted with that notion and Collins quickly modified the sketch to have the eagle carrying the olive branch in its beak. After making a few detail-oriented decisions, the patch was submitted for approval. However, the initial patch design was rejected. Bob Gilruth, the director of the then-named Manned Spacecraft Center, saw the eagle landing with its talons extended as too hostile and warlike. So, the olive branch was transferred from the eagle's mouth to his talons and the patch design was complete.

It clarifies the idea that the purpose of the space program is to advance science, not develop weapons.

Read this passage: Jugglers have long fascinated crowds with exciting tricks that appear to be almost magical. Unlike magicians, however, jugglers reveal everything. Apparently this is a normal desire. Juggling seems to be as natural as singing, dancing, or playing an instrument. It has a long history as an art of many forms. Which sentence best summarizes this paragraph?

Juggling is an old form of entertainment that, like magic, involves exciting tricks; however, unlike magic, it relies on natural skill rather than concealment.

Which phrase provides the best context clue for the meaning of the word saturated? Ty's science teacher asked the class to perform an experiment. She wanted students to determine the conditions required to dissolve a certain amount of salt in water. After a while, the water was saturated with salt. No more salt could be dissolved in the water, so Ty had to increase the heat and add more water to the mixture.

No more salt could be dissolved

Which sentence best shows the homes the Taos people built were structurally sound? Taos Pueblo The Taos Pueblo, home of the Taos, or Red Willow people, sits at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in New Mexico. There are two buildings at the pueblo (pueblo means village in Spanish). They were built in the 1300s, and the Red Willow people have lived in them ever since. These homes have been continuously occupied for over 700 years. About 150 people live in the centuries-old, multi-storied buildings made of adobe brick (dried mud and straw). These structures look like apartment houses. The rooms are built one on top of another. They are staggered, so the roofs of some lower rooms can be used as patios for those above. Only a few changes have been made to the buildings since they were built. They now have fireplaces and external doors. But the Red Willow people have not brought electricity or running water to the pueblo. The Red Willow people are fiercely independent. In 1680, they rose against the Spanish, who ruled the area at the time. Later, in 1847, they also rebelled against the Americans. They have cherished and guarded their traditional ways through years of contact with other cultures. They still speak the Tiwa language, as well as English. They farm, hunt and raise cattle and horses on their ancestral lands, as their forefathers did. Today, the Red Willow people welcome visitors to the pueblo. Tourists can see two of the oldest buildings in the United States and see people living there in much the same way they did 700 years ago.

Only a few changes have been made to the buildings since they were built.

Which sentence is an example of direct characterization? Sally skipped down the hallway, her ponytail swishing from side to side. It was the last day of school, and, she looked forward to days of swimming and playing basketball. Sally was hardworking during the school year and happy-go-lucky in the summer. As she raced out the door, she shouted, "Watch out, summer. Here I come!"

Sally was hardworking during the school year and happy-go-lucky in the summer.

Which of the following details is present in the poem and in the visual depiction of the poem? The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth Behold her, single in the field, Yon solitary Highland Lass! Reaping and singing by herself; Stop here, or gently pass! Alone she cuts and binds the grain, And sings a melancholy strain; O listen! for the Vale profound Is overflowing with the sound. No Nightingale did ever chaunt More welcome notes to weary bands Of travellers in some shady haunt, Among Arabian sands: A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seas Among the farthest Hebrides. Will no one tell me what she sings?— Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow For old, unhappy, far-off things, And battles long ago: Or is it some more humble lay, Familiar matter of to-day? Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain, That has been, and may be again? Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang As if her song could have no ending; I saw her singing at her work, And o'er the sickle bending;— I listened, motionless and still; And, as I mounted up the hill, The music in my heart I bore, Long after it was heard no more.

The reaper is bending and reaping crops.

Which of these stanzas from "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe represents the speaker's desire to be free from his sorrow and memories of Lenore? Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, "Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store, Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore— Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore Of 'Never—nevermore.'" . . . Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. "Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee—by these angels he hath sent thee Respite—respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore! Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!" Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore." . . . "Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil! By that Heaven that bends above us—by that God we both adore— Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn, It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore— Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore." Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."

Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. "Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee—by these angels he hath sent thee Respite—respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore! Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!" Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."

Abby wants to paraphrase information from this book to include in a research paper. Which of the following should she use to paraphrase this material correctly?

Wheelchair rugby was created so that athletes with upper limb disabilities could play alongside athletes with lower limb disabilities.

Read the excerpt from "The Blind Men and the Elephant." Then choose the correct way to complete the sentence. The last line of the passage develops one of the story's themes by showing that ____________________________________ an adaptation of The Blind Men and the Elephant by James Baldwin The first blind man happened to put his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well!" he said, "now I know all about this beast. He is exactly like a wall." The second felt only of the elephant's tusk. "My brother," he said, "you are mistaken. He is not at all like a wall. He is round and smooth and sharp. He is more like a spear than anything else." The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "Both of you are wrong," he said. "Anybody who knows anything can see that this elephant is like a snake." The fourth reached out his arms, and grasped one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he said. "It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree." The fifth was a very tall man, and he chanced to take hold of the elephant's ear. "The blindest man ought to know that this beast is not like any of the things that you name," he said. "He is exactly like a huge fan." The sixth was very blind indeed, and it was some time before he could find the elephant at all. At last he seized the animal's tail. "O foolish fellows!" he cried. "You surely have lost your senses. This elephant is not like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. But any man with a particle of sense can see that he is exactly like a rope." Then the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, and quarreled about him. Each believed that he knew just how the animal looked; and each called the others hard names because they did not agree with him. People who have eyes sometimes act as foolishly.

blindness to reality makes one blind to the truth

The part of a story that typically includes the aftermath of the central conflict is referred to as the ___________________________.

falling action

Which two elements define a story's setting?

geographical location weather conditions

Determine whether each question is "good" or "bad" for a discussion that requires detailed responses.

good ●What motivates you to participate in class? ●How do you like to use social media? ●Why is hard work more important than talent? bad ●What is the last book you read? ●Would you ever consider joining a drama club? ●What is your favorite restaurant?

Which evidence in the passage best supports the inference that there is mystery behind the design of the Leaning Tower?

neither history or tradition say whether it was built as it is, purposely, or whether one of its sides has settled.

Which of the following is an adjectival phrase in the sentence? The overly excited children rushed into the front room with coloring books and new crayons.

overly excited

Kayla is reviewing a coworker's report. Read this sentence from the report: Journalists must have excellent communication skills, writing skills, and the ability to research. Help Kayla give the sentence parallel structure by completing the sentence. Journalists must have excellent communication skills, writing skills, and__________________________.

research skills

What is the plot of a narrative?

the events that occur in a narrative

What does the word materialize mean based on the context clues provided? The flower buds seemed to materialize out of nowhere. One day the branches were bare, and the next day the buds appeared.

to appear suddenly

Which definition fits the use of expire as it is used in the passage? Leaves At a glance, leaves appear quite simple. However, their complex organic structure and the multiple processes that take place within them are astonishing. Leaves consist of millions of tiny cells that are shaped like balloons, which are known as chloroplasts. These chloroplasts are filled with a gel-like substance known as chlorophyll. Chlorophyll imparts a lovely green hue to the leaves. One of the main functions of leaves is the absorption of the carbon dioxide that plants need from the air. This gas is absorbed into the leaves through small openings known as the stomata. The cells in the leaves then convert the carbon dioxide into sugar molecules for the plant's use. For plants, oxygen is a waste product, so during the conversion the leaves will expire oxygen. Leaves constantly absorb sunlight, carbon dioxide and water from different sources to create food for the plant. This process is known as photosynthesis.

to give something off

What is the primary purpose of an expository text?

to inform the reader about a topic

What are two purposes for reading this passage? from CHAPTER XIV of The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain At Pisa we climbed up to the top of the strangest structure the world has any knowledge of—the Leaning Tower. As everyone knows, it is in the neighborhood of one hundred and eighty feet high—and I beg to observe that one hundred and eighty feet reach to about the height of four ordinary three-story buildings piled one on top of the other, and is a very considerable altitude for a tower of uniform thickness to aspire to, even when it stands upright—yet this one leans more than thirteen feet out of the perpendicular. It is seven hundred years old, but neither history or tradition say whether it was built as it is, purposely, or whether one of its sides has settled. There is no record that it ever stood straight up. It is built of marble. It is an airy and a beautiful structure, and each of its eight stories is encircled by fluted columns, some of marble and some of granite, with Corinthian capitals that were handsome when they were new. It is a bell tower, and in its top hangs a chime of ancient bells. The winding staircase within is dark, but one always knows which side of the tower he is on because of his naturally gravitating from one side to the other of the staircase with the rise or dip of the tower. Some of the stone steps are foot-worn only on one end; others only on the other end; others only in the middle. To look down into the tower from the top is like looking down into a tilted well. A rope that hangs from the center of the top touches the wall before it reaches the bottom. Standing on the summit, one does not feel altogether comfortable when he looks down from the high side; but to crawl on your breast to the verge on the lower side and try to stretch your neck out far enough to see the base of the tower, makes your flesh creep, and convinces you for a single moment in spite of all your philosophy, that the building is falling. . . . The Duomo, close at hand, is one of the finest cathedrals in Europe. It is eight hundred years old. Its grandeur has outlived the high commercial prosperity and the political importance that made it a necessity, or rather a possibility. Surrounded by poverty, decay and ruin, it conveys to us a more tangible impression of the former greatness of Pisa than books could give us. The Baptistery, which is a few years older than the Leaning Tower, is a stately rotunda, of huge dimensions, and was a costly structure. In it hangs the lamp whose measured swing suggested to Galileo the pendulum. It looked an insignificant thing to have conferred upon the world of science and mechanics such a mighty extension of their dominions as it has. Pondering, in its suggestive presence, I seemed to see a crazy universe of swinging disks, the toiling children of this sedate parent. He appeared to have an intelligent expression about him of knowing that he was not a lamp at all; that he was a Pendulum; a pendulum disguised, for prodigious and inscrutable purposes of his own deep devising . . . This Baptistery is endowed with the most pleasing echo of all the echoes we have read of. The guide sounded two sonorous notes, about half an octave apart; the echo answered with the most enchanting, the most melodious, the richest blending of sweet sounds that one can imagine. It was like a long-drawn chord of a church organ, infinitely softened by distance. I may be extravagant in this matter, but if this be the case my ear is to blame—not my pen. I am describing a memory—and one that will remain long with me.

to learn about traveling to Italy

Why does the author say "I shuddered like a child in the dark"? Home by Tina Tocco The house was as still as a cemetery with gray shutters and shingles and stairs. The windows' mouths were painted shut, so breath could neither enter nor linger nor leave. The bedrooms were locked, the cupboards were bare, the carpet was gone. . . And I shuddered like a child in the dark, asking once, then again and again Why had I left? Stayed away so long? What had happened in one short year?

to show that the speaker is scared by what she has seen

Which elements are distinct to drama and not typically found in other written stories?

● Script ● cast

Which two statements best describe the purpose of the passage? Presidential Retreat adapted from The National Parks Service Catoctin Mountain Park was originally land purchased by the government in 1936, to be developed into a recreational facility. The facility was to demonstrate how rough terrain and eroded soil could be turned into productive land again. Camp Misty Mount was first used by the Maryland League for Crippled Children. After the first year, the League moved to a second camp in 1938, Camp Greentop, because Camp Misty Mount's terrain was difficult to negotiate in a wheelchair. A third camp, Camp Hi-Catoctin, was completed in the winter of 1938-1939 and was used for three years as a family camp for federal employees. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was accustomed to seeking relief from hot Washington, D.C. summers and relaxing on weekends aboard the presidential yacht Potomac or at Hyde Park, NY. In 1942, the U.S. Secret Service were very concerned about the President's continued use of the Potomac. World War II had brought an attack on Pearl Harbor and had drawn German U-boats close in Atlantic waters. Presidential safety and Presidential health were concerns. The muggy climate of Washington, D.C. was considered detrimental to his health, affecting his sinuses. A new retreat, a place to relax, within a 100 mile radius of Washington, D.C. and in the cool mountain air was sought. Several sites were considered, but Camp Hi-Catoctin in the Catoctin Recreational Demonstration Area was selected after the President's first visit on April 22, 1942. A camp was already built on the site and the estimated conversion cost was $18,650. It was also almost 10 degrees cooler than in Washington, D.C. The camp for federal employees' families became the camp of one federal employee, the President of the United States. Roosevelt quickly renamed the camp "Shangri-La" from James Hilton's 1933 novel, Lost Horizon. At the close of World War II, there was some debate over the future of Shangri-La. Should it be returned to the National Park Service? Should it be maintained as a national shrine or monument? Should it be transferred to the Maryland State Forest and Park System, as was the original plan of the demonstration area? In 1952, Truman approved a compromise under which the land north of Maryland Route 77 would remain Catoctin Mountain Park operated by the National Park Service and the land south of Maryland Route 77 would become Cunningham Falls State Park. The official transfer took effect in 1954. President Eisenhower renamed the retreat, after he took office in 1953, "Camp David," after his grandson. Camp David continues to serve as the Presidential Retreat today. It is a private, secluded place for recreation, contemplation, rest, and relaxation. Many historical events have occurred at the Presidential Retreat: the planning of the Normandy invasion, Eisenhower-Khrushchev meetings, Camp David Accords with Menachem Begin of Israel and Anwar Sadat of Egypt, discussions of the Bay of Pigs, Vietnam War discussions, and many other meetings with foreign dignitaries and guests. Maintaining the privacy and secluded atmosphere of the retreat is an important role for Catoctin Mountain Park. The Presidential Retreat still remains within park boundaries, but is not open to the public. It is a place where Presidents can relax, unwind, contemplate, entertain distinguished guests in an informal setting, and cope with the pressures of modern-day society.

● The purpose of the passage is to explain to readers how the Catoctin Mountain Park was chosen and developed into the Presidential Retreat. ● The purpose of the passage is to convey to readers the importance of choosing a private and secure place for a Presidential Retreat.

Which two lines in this excerpt from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet foreshadow the tragic fate of Romeo and Juliet?

● Then love-devouring death do what he dare; ● These violent delights have violent ends

Which two sentences best show that music composer Leonard Bernstein drew inspiration from literature? Leonard Bernstein's West Side Story Leonard Bernstein was a composer who was able to write music in many different styles, including classical, pop, and jazz. In many of his works, you can hear all these styles combined together. Bernstein's music was influenced by many pieces he had heard—and even read—before. Perhaps Bernstein's most famous work is West Side Story, a Broadway musical from 1957 that was made into a film in 1961. With West Side Story, Bernstein achieved critical and commercial success. The music he composed for the production was influenced by a variety of musical styles, including music composed by Hispanic Americans. West Side Story was also influenced by the famous play Romeo and Juliet, written in the late sixteenth century by William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet is about two young people who fall in love but are prevented from being together because their families are feuding. In West Side Story, two people in New York City fall in love but are kept apart because they are from different communities that are in conflict with one another. Modern-day audiences were drawn to the classic story with a modern twist, and the musical remains popular to this day. Source: Library of Congress

● West Side Story was also influenced by the famous play Romeo and Juliet, written in the late sixteenth century by William Shakespeare. ● In West Side Story, two people in New York City fall in love but are kept apart because they are from different communities that are in conflict with one another.

Which three words need to be capitalized? Some people think that college students who are interested in becoming doctors should focus exclusively on science. However, many college advisors are encouraging students to consider adding minors in areas such as english. The reasoning is that a non-science subject will help students develop other skills necessary to excel in their profession. According to the respected organization the princeton review, a major in the humanities was the fifth most popular choice for students enrolled in medical school for the 2016-2017 academic year.

● english ● princeton ● review

Who are two target audiences for the passage "Gluten Free"?

● people considering making a lifestyle change ● people with gluten sensitivity

Which two reasons describe why authors create contrasts between characters or narrators in a text?

● to develop characters' traits or personalities ● to create literary effects such as humor