English III Unit 8
Body paragraphs should consist of _______.
main ideas and supporting details
When -ism is added to the end of a word, it makes a(n) ________.
noun about a movement, belief, or attitude
A formal research paper must ______.
use third-person point of view
Statistics are _______.
useful, but should be carefully analyzed for bias and errors
A(n) ______ is an explanation of a particular idea or theory.
exposition
Similar or the same words in a paragraph that keep ideas organized and on the same topic are called _______.
key words
_______ is the act of persuading or convincing.
Conviction
Which question is relevant to ask when evaluating data?
How could this data be incorrect or purposefully manipulated?
A(n) _______ is a judgement based on feeling and personal perspective.
opinion
Getting a new car always brings happiness to the owner.
opinion
Changes in the usual grammar structures to emphasize ideas, to add focus, and to change the rhythm in writing are called ________.
schemes
When researching, a student should ________.
take notes from different sources
In "Steps for Writing an Argumentative Research Paper," which step is the most important?
Make a Research Plan.
Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. expository
My expository essay explained why I chose to become a computer programmer. adjective
Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. argue
My sister and I argue over what chores we shall do. verb
Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. arguable
That thesis is not arguable because it expresses an opinion. adjective
For a research paper, a thesis should synthesize information from various sources to become ________.
a unique idea
The term of an affix that changes the grammatical use of a word is a(n) ________.
derivational morpheme
Which definition for argument is used in the context of sentence 1 of paragraph 1 from The Making of Arguments?
discussion of opposing views
Ninety-eight percent of the seniors at Washington High graduated this year according to the school report.
evidence
If there is not enough information about an idea, then the research question is _______, concealed or unknown, and it needs to be changed.
obscure
Define the word conviction as it is used in the context of the sentences in paragraphs 3 and 4.
the act of convincing someone, or causing someone to believe something
Credibility is ________.
the state of being credible or trusted as accurate.
Validity is ________.
the state of being valid or relevant for a particular purpose.
______ is a cause to be clearly visible.
✘ Solace
______ - means capable of, tending to or given to; makes an adjective
-able, -ible
If a writer wanted to publish and sell her work, probably, the most important factor would be if the audience finds the topic _______.
interesting
A title should be _______ and give the reader a(n) _______ of what the argument proves.
interesting; idea
The idea about a topic needs the be turned into a major _________.
research question
Choose the THREE purposes of an effective introduction.
Capture the reader's attention. Announce the thesis statement. Set the tone.
Which thesis could best use the data of both Graph A and Table B?
Cities with the most violent crimes should work for legislation to intervene in the lives of youth to reduce these rates.
Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. expose
The announcement exposes the verdict to the public. verb
According to the text written below Table B, why would comparing data from one year to the next in a city not be accurate?
The text says reporting practices on crime types have changed.
Briefly describe the information presented in Graph A.
These are the top 10 cities with the highest crime rates in 2015. These cities have populations of over 250,000.
______ is the individualized pattern of style of a writer.
Voice
A(n) ______ has a central topic and supporting information.
Word Web cluster
The term for a person who supports an idea, a cause, or another person is _______.
a partisan
A parenthetical citation is _______.
citing a source in a text with an author's name and a page number
After the outline, the writer should begin a rough ______.
draft
The minimum page count for the body of the paper will be _______ pages.
five
A long dress is formal attire.
opinion
A graphic organizer can also express ______ organization.
paragraph
A(n) ___________ is information placed in parentheses directly after a quotation or paraphrase in a text. The author's name and page number are placed in parentheses.
parenthetical citation
The most important step in writing a research paper is _______.
planning
A deliberate diverting away from the question to avoid answering is a logical fallacy called a(n) ________.
red herring
When -er or -or is added to the end of a verb, the word _________.
refers to a person who does that action
Planning includes a critique of the research plan and possible the need to ______, or make changes to the research question and thesis. However, the topic must first be approved by your _____.
reformulate; teacher
The information on an outline may be too narrow or broad in ________ and may need to be changed.
scope
The intersecting information on a Venn diagram shows the ________, and the information in the separate areas shows the ________.
similarities; differences
A(n) _________ is a piece of data usually expressed in numbers and percentages.
statistic
The term for a piece of data expressed in numbers and percentages is a(n) _______.
statistic
Strong evidence will _____ the thesis and win the argument.
support
Lesson 9 - Analyze the Development of Ideas; Collaborate With Peers
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Quiz 3
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______ are from current times or the past and can attract the reader's attention in an introduction.
✘ Recaps [It might be action events]
From the first paragraph, one could infer that _______.
✘ Statistics are always difficult to obtain. ✘ Statistics may be biased.
Exactly what data in Graph A is not defined?
The data that is not defined are the numbers at the left. "Rates" are percentages, but are these numbers the actual numbers of nonviolent crimes? It doesn't say.
From the Lesson, what are the transition or connecting words used in the thesis statement of the introduction and in the paraphrased thesis in the conclusion? a. introduction - b. conclusion
a. Because of this b. Then
The purpose of ______ is to contain enough evidence to prove the thesis statement.
body paragraphs
When choosing a person to interview, a researcher should find a(n) _________ on the subject.
expert
"The polar bears were stranded by the melting iceberg that broke off." This sentence has a(n) _______ verb tense in the sentence structure.
passive
A student should anticipate what the counterarguments may be, write them down in the paper, and ______ them by using evidence.
refute
Body paragraphs also need to ______ any counterarguments that the writer may think the reader may have.
refute
The conclusion of an argumentative research paper is the _____ statement.
thesis
Choose THREE things that make a good argumentative research paper.
proves the thesis includes different ideas or opinions has credible sources for evidence
Lesson 1 - Plan for Writing an Argumentative Research Paper
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Lesson 4 - Gather, Evaluate, and Cite Evidence
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If a person was examining the crime categories, what more information would they need to understand the specific crimes?
✘ They would need to know the size of the police force in each city.
It is especially important not to ________ a person by adding or leaving out information.
misquote
_________ - refers to a person who does the action of the word's verb; makes a noun
-er or -or
_________ - makes a noun describing movements, beliefs, attitudes, or behavior
-ism
_________ - refers to a state or quality; by changing an adjective into a noun
-ness
1.) refers to a person who does the action of that verb; makes a noun 2.) makes a noun describing movements, beliefs, attitudes, or behavior 3.) capable of, tending to or given to; makes an adjective 4.) of, relating to, or characterized by; makes an adjective 5.) refers to a state or quality; changes an adjective to a noun 6.) a state or process; changes a verb into a noun
1.) -er or -or 2.) -ism 3.) -able or -ible 4.) -al 5.) -ness 6.) -ation or -tion
Put the five steps to writing an argumentative research paper in order.
1.) Make a Research Plan 2.) Write an Outline, Draft, and Works-cited Page 3.) Evaluate Draft for Clarity, and Purpose; Revise 4.) Proofread and Edit 5.) Publish
How might a real estate agent use the FBI's data on crime rates in cities when trying to attract people to move to a city?
A real estate agent could point out if a city's crime rate is low to attract people to a city.
Practice Test
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Select the three purposes of an introduction.
Announce the thesis statement. Capture the readers' attention. Set the tone.
Reasons of the opposite position that should be refuted in the research paper are ________.
counterarguments
______ are the reasons that oppose your idea or theory.
Counterarguments
_____ are affixes that change the grammatical use of words.
Derivational morphemes
_______ are affixes that change the grammatical use of root words.
Derivational morphemes
Which statement best expresses why people need to be careful about making judgments or practices based on data?
Furthermore, in most human affairs, results are produced by a multiplicity of causes; and though statistics may throw light on three quarters of all the causes that are potent in any given case, yet the other quarter, which are irreducible to definite statement, may wholly alter the result.
Which definition of the word exposition is used in sentence 2 of paragraph 1 in The Making of Arguments? Is it the same or different as used in sentence 4?
In sentence 2, the definition is "an explanation. . . ." In sentence 4, it is "the action of making an idea, proposal, or law public."
______ means being rude or showing a lack of respect.
Impertinence
Where would that information probably be found?
Information should be found on the FBI website.
Topic: Reading classical literature is necessary to expand a student's knowledge.
Is reading classical literature necessary to expand a student's knowledge?
Choose the FOUR items that an effective conclusion may include.
Paraphrase the thesis statement. Provide insight about the thesis statement. Create an unforgettable ending statement. Summarize the body paragraphs.
_____ are people who support an idea, cause, or person.
Partisans
________ is an act of fraud when writers use another's work or idea as their own.
Plagiarism
________ is a particular question, idea, or grammar structure used several times for emphasis and readability.
Repetition
Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. argumentative
Sal is argumentative when I speak of my music preferences. adjective
Topic: Minimum wage should be increased.
Should minimum wage be increased?
Select SEVEN items that an effective conclusion may include.
Summarizing the ideas of the body paragraphs Paraphrasing the thesis statement Providing insight about the thesis statement Creating a meaningful, unforgettable ending statement Giving descriptions, details, facts, or opinions that are not in the body Deriving a conclusion based upon the body Referring to an idea in the introduction
Comparing the graph and the table, which data would probably be the most accurate? Why?
Table B; because the numbers are from the FBI website.
Shakespeare is the second most quoted English writer, states express.co.uk.
evidence
The author uses sarcasm: "Wow, that's a great idea, to just sit in the rain all day waiting for someone who may never come!"
evidence
There are sea gulls at the pond on Josey Lane, and we took some pictures of them.
evidence
Which sources would not be good when researching on a current medical practice?
Wikipedia advertisements that promote sales out-of-date information
The tone of an argumentative research paper is _______ and does not use first-person or familiar-point of view, or present unsubstantiated opinions or appeals to emotion.
formal
Unreliable information on the internet may have ___________, ___________, or ___________.
fraud error bias
A paragraph's organization may be from general information to specific, or the opposite from specific to ______.
general
Expert evidence consists of _______.
information from people known by their peers as credible
To help organize ideas in a paragraph, the writer should use _______ throughout the the text that may be similar or the same words used in the topic sentence.
key words
Which major task is important to do before starting a rough draft to insure that the paper's ideas are organized?
make an outline
When -al is added to the end of a word, the word _______.
means "of," "relating to," or "characterized by"
A(n) ____________ is an explanation for an event or series of events, but does not have absolute proof.
theory
Lesson 2 - Determine Audience and Purpose; Evaluate Sources
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Lesson 5 - Critique the Research Plan; Complete an Outline
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Lesson 6 - Revise a Research Question and Thesis; Begin a Draft
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Lesson 7 - Write a Title, Introduction, and Conclusion
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Lesson 8 - Analyze Nonfiction and Technical Sources
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_________ - means "of," "relating to" or "characterized by;" makes an adjective
-al
_________ - a state or process; changes a verb into a noun
-ation, -tion
The final grade of this paper is worth ____________of the Unit Test score.
50%
Which questions should a person ask when evaluating data in statistical compilations?
Could workers have made mistakes like incorrect categorizing of information? Could there have been purposeful manipulation?
_______ gives equal importance to ideas and can be used for a topic sentence to relate to several ideas.
Parallelism
What might be a problem about using the data for this purpose?
This might be a problem because some larger cities may have safer areas than others.
How does the use of words change in a text over time? (Use examples of words in this text.)
[Written Response]
Define the word partisans as it is used in the context of sentence 4 in paragraph 3.
a person with a limited view
What might be the most original source if a person wanted to look at specific crimes and how they are categorized in a city or county?
actual reports written by officers and how the computers categorize them from their offices
Plagiarism is defined as ________.
an act of fraud using another's idea or words as one's own
Select FOUR dictionary definitions of the following word. You may have to search several dictionaries to find the different meanings. argument (n.)
an introduction to a paper a theme, topic, or subject matter supporting ideas for diverse positions discussion of opposing views
The purpose of an argumentative research paper is to _______ readers of the conclusion or thesis.
convince
The body paragraphs should answer any questions to _______ that the reader may have.
counterarguments
The term for an explanation of an idea or theory is _______.
exposition
Graphic organizers help a writer _________.
express paragraph organization show thinking patterns
Students should not write on a topic that would _____ their teachers or anyone else who may read the paper.
offend
Poodles make the best pets because of their intelligence.
opinion
Students should be involved in some kind of sports each semester.
opinion
Automobile fumes may cause global warming.
theory
A(n) ______ should be interesting and give the reader an idea of what the argument will prove.
title
Define the word impertinence as it is used in the context of sentence 2 in paragraph 4.
unimportant or pointless
The thesis should be an original or _______ idea from a discussion of the pros and cons of your idea.
unique
The term for describing the individualized pattern of writing style for an author is __________.
voice
Lesson 3 - Research and Organize Information
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What THREE major questions do you ask yourself when critiquing you research plan?
Are you finding sources with accurate, reliable evidence? Does the evidence appear to answer your major research question? Is the amount of evidence you are finding sufficient?
______ is/are for use in an introduction of a paper and gives context or history about a topic.
Background information
Select FOUR dictionary definitions of the following word. You may have to search several dictionaries to find the different meanings. exposition (n.)
a large organized themed exhibit to leave open to the elements the action of making an idea, proposal, or law public an explanation of a particular idea or theory
A logical fallacy that has no new useful information for explanation (such as X is true because of Y; Y is true because of X) is called _________.
circular reasoning
Making a(n) _____ is an important organizational task to do before writing a draft.
outline
Which answer is NOT one of the three purposes of an introduction?
to introduce yourself to your audience
Which definition of the word "relief" is used in the text?
to no longer suffer from pain
Weak evidence makes a(n) _________ argument in a research paper.
weak
When examining data, which FIVE variables could mislead a person about the types and number of crimes actually committed in a city?
workers incorrectly categorizing types of crimes errors in the computer database that compile the information people faking crimes against themselves crimes that occurred and were not reported to the authorities purposeful and erroneous manipulation of data
Writers must know their _______ so they can know what to write about and how to present it.
audience
A logical fallacy that proposes something caused an event just because it occurred before that event is called ________.
post hoc
Which statement best expresses how data or statistics could be erroneous?
A very little human nature will upset a very great body of statistics.
________ are those who have an consensus of their peers in establishments that would testify to their expertise.
Experts
Diction and rhetorical devices affect the ______ or author's attitude toward a text.
tone
Effective counterarguments have ______ words to help organize opposite ideas such as however, on the other hand, and contrary to that idea.
transition
Choose the statement that best expresses the main idea of the selection.
✘ Where the facts are complicated, and interests are tangled, moreover, many sets of figures may enter into the question. . . .
Topic: There is too much violence allowed in sports.
Is there too much violence allowed in sports?
Does Graph A define exactly what kind of crimes it includes? Based on Table B, which category or categories do you think it includes?
No; It probably includes the categories: violent crime, murder, and non-negligent manslaughter.
If the source for Graph A is a secondary source, what source of information is missing concerning the data?
The primary source of the information is missing.
In Table B, what major differences between types of crimes and their numbers in the three cities stand out? Select three examples. (Estimate percentages: number of crimes divided by population.)
much higher rate of murders in Detroit aggravated assaults are much lower in Oakland Memphis has a much lower motor vehicle theft.
What is a statistic?
A statistic is a piece of data usually expressed in numbers and percentages.
A(n) __________ is a graphic organizer that compares and contrasts two items.
Venn diagram
What are the SIX necessary items and requirements for the final research paper?
a picture, graph, or chart of data as one source a minimum of three sources that are counterarguments 1,250 words (minimum) an outline a works-cited page written in third-person point of view
Assumption Circular Reasoning Post hoc Red herring
a speculation not based on proof. going in circles with no new useful information for explanation. states that something caused an event just because it occurred before that event. a deliberate diverting away from the question to avoid answering it.
The two important factors to know when determining what vocabulary and reading level to use when writing are the audience's ______ and _______.
age; education
A(n) ________ utilizes parallelism to deliver an equivalent and makes ideas more memorable.
antithesis
The research paper is due ________________.
at the end of the Unit.
Often, a teacher may require specific sources or information only from a library ________.
database
To introduce a thesis in a paper, the writer could refer to current or past action ___________ that attract the reader's attention or provide ___________ information (context or history of the topic), or include interesting ___________ that did not fit elsewhere in the outline.
events; background; details
Every paragraph should support or ______ the ideas in the thesis.
link to
The purpose of this research paper is to be _______ and formal to present different sides of an argument and find which is the most valid.
objective
A(n) ___________ is first-hand evidence from the time of the event being studied, and a(n) ___________ uses it in the text.
primary source; secondary source
The research plan may need to be changed, and the research question _________ before wasting any more time.
refocused
However, the ______ and the thesis may have to be ______ first.
research question; revised
A(n) _______ is a change in the usual grammar structures or patterns to emphasize ideas and add focus by changing the rhythm in writing.
scheme
Which would be the best sources for a formal research paper?
scientific journals from reputable publishers that have been fact-checked websites from formal institutions, accredited universities, and government offices
Cancer is possibly caused by emotional stress.
theory
Some scientists say dinosaurs evolved from birds.
theory
Violent video games may cause criminal behavior.
theory
Graphic organizers help a writer visualize different kinds of __________, and online charts or word wizards help an author __________ ideas.
thinking patterns; brainstorm
A(n) _______ can show different sequential periods that can be written into different paragraphs.
timeline
Your sources should contain evidence that has ___________ and ___________.
validity; credibility
