English Revolution

What does Habeas Corpus say?

- Every prisoner has the right to a document that says they must see a judge to specify charges - judge would decide if the prisoner should be tried or set free

What did the Petition of Right say?

- He could no imprison people with reason - He could not pass taxes without Parliaments consent - He could not house soldiers in private homes - He could not impose martial law in peacetime

What two key results came from Habeas Corpus?

- Monarch couldn't put someone in jail simply for opposing him -prisoners can't be held without a trial

What were the sides of the English Civil war?

Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

Who took over when James I died?

His son Charles I

What religious groups did Cromwell favor?

all groups except Catholic

Who is James I?

cousin of Elizabeth, took over when she died, also the king of Scotland

What did the Petition of Right do?

limited the power of the King over laws

Who were the cavaliers?

people who supported King Charles

What did Cromwell eventually do after years of ruling?

sends home Parliament and becomes a military dictator

What did Cromwell abolish while trying to reform?

sinful activities such as dancing, theater, and sporting events

How does Parliament take action on their fear?

they ask James II's daughter Mary (a protestant) and her husband Prince William of Orange to overthrow James and take rule

Englands government goes from an absolute monarchy to what?

A constitutional monarchy

What is an absolute monarchy?

A system where the King has all power over the law

Who ruled after Charles I was killed?

Cromwell

What types of problems does Elizabeth I leave behind?

Financial, political, and religious issues

What did Charles do when there was a mob of angry Londoners outside the palace?

Fled to the North to create an army of those people still loyal to him.

When Williams army comes into England to overthrow James II what does James do?

Flees to France, it is a glorious revolution

What does this do for Parliament?

Gives them a chance to oppose Charles I

What law does Parliament pass during the rule of Charles II?

Habeas Corpus

What four types of people does Charles I anger?

He angers the Parliament, the English people, The puritans, and the Presbyterian Scots

How does Charles react to their threats?

He calls back Parliament to get money to put down the threats

How did Charles I react to Parliament rejecting him?

He dissolved them many times

How does Charles I anger the English people?

He gives them fines fees and taxes

How does Charles I anger the Parliament?

He keeps taking their money and dissolving them

Why did Charles later call Parliament back?

He needed more money

How does Charles I anger the puritans?

He refused to take out Catholic traditions form the Anglican church

How did Charles I respond to the Petition of Right?

He signed it, got his money, then ignored it

How does Charles react to this law?

He tries to arrest parliament

How does Charles I anger the Presbyterian Scots?

He tries to force them to accept the Anglican prayer book

Why did Charles I try to get the Presbyterian Scots to accept the Anglican prayer book?

He wanted both of his kingdoms to follow one religion

Later Charles I dissolves Parliament again and puts fees on English people to get more money, what is a result of this?

His popularity decreases

What was the problem with their system?

If they disagreed then the government would shut down

What does The Petition of Right incident tell us?

It tells us that law is higher than royalty and it goes against the idea of an absolute monarchy

What religious issues did Elizabeth leave behind?

James I offends puritans by refusing to remove Catholic elements from the Anglican church

When Charles II dies who becomes king?

James II

In the Fall Parliament passes a law that does what?

Limit royal power

How did the civil war go early on?

Neither side could gain an advantage

From the time of the Bill of Rights and years later what was the relationship between the monarch and parliament?

No monarch could rule without consent of Parliament and Parliament could not rule without monarchs consent

What was Cromwell's first move as dictator?

Puts down a rebellion in Ireland, killing hundreds of thousands

What political issues did Elizabeth leave behind?

She had no children so her closest male heir had to become king (her cousin James I)

What financial issues did Elizabeth leave behind?

She left behind debt because she used all her money investing in the arts

Who does Parliament ask to rule?

The older son of Charles, Charles II

How did Parliament react to Charles I calling them back?

They agreed to give him money if he signed the Petition of Right

What do the the roundheads do after gaining power over the cavaliers?

They capture Charles I

How do the Scots respond?

They gather an army and threaten to invade England

What did parliament do when he asked for money?

They said no

What is the English Bill of Rights?

a document that made clear how the law limited the royal power

Who is Oliver Cromwell?

a man who became who the general for the roundheads

What is a constitutional monarchy?

a monarchy were law limits a kings powers

What did Cromwell do when he first began to rule?

abolished the monarchy, sets up common wealth (a republican form of gov.)

What does James II do that is a violation of the English law?

appoints Catholics to high gov. offices

What does James II do when the Parliament protests him?

dissolves them

Why don't people like James II?

he is Catholic and openly expresses his faith

What happens when they bring Charles I to trial?

he is tried for treason against Parliament, found guilty, and beheaded

Why did Charles I fight the parliament?

he kept asking for money

What were Cromwell's religious views?

he was a puritan so he wanted to reform puritan church

Why was the death of Charles I revolutionary?

never before had a king faced a trial and execution

Who were the roundheads?

puritans who supported Parliament

What does Charles II do?

restores the monarchy

After Cromwell dies what does the Parliament do?

start back up again and find someone to rule

What was the solution to this problem?

the Cabinet System

What was the Cabinet system?

the cabinet system was a bunch of gov. officials who would be the middle guy and settle disputes between the Parliament and monarchy

What happens after Cromwell dies?

the government collapses

What does Parliament do when Charles I tries to arrest them?

they escape

What does Parliament fear when James II has a son?

they fear that there will be a long line of Catholic kings

When Mary and William first begin ruling what vow do they make?

they vow to recognize Parliament as their governing partner

Why did Charles I need all this money?

to fight a war with France and Spain

What did the English Bill of Rights say?

• No suspending Parliaments laws • No passing taxes without Parliaments approval • No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament • No punishing a citizen who complain about the king