Environmental Health & Safety Final
Which of the following substances would an average American be most exposed to on a regular basis? Assume they do not have an occupational hazard.
Bisphenol-A
True or False? Transport-related injuries (1999 to 2015 data) are the leading cause of death in the United States among those age 0 to 19 years.
true
Order the facets of the ecological model of population health from the most central to the most outward.
1. Innate factors 2.Individual Behavior 3.Social, family, and community networks 4.Living and Working conditions 5.Broad factors at global, national, and state levels
Correctly order the following routes of entry from the lowest relative speed of the effect to the highest.
1.Intravenous 2.Inhalation 3.Oral 4.Dermal
In which decade did America establish the most major environmental health laws?
1970s
Which phase of the policy cycle would primarily involve setting priorities, deciding at what time to deal with the environmental problem, and determining who will deal with the problem?
Agenda Setting
This graph would most likely be used for which of the following?
A group of lab rats being administered a new chemical
Which of the following scenarios would lead to toxicity most quickly? Assume all substances have equal exposure and absorbed doses and all individuals are roughly the same size.
A man inhales fumes from the burning tire rubber he uses to smoke meat
Organizing work shifts and rotating employees to minimize exposure to hazards is an example of which of the following?
B. Administrative controls
Match the disease name/nick name to its etiologic agent.
Beaver fever A. G. lamblia Legionnaire's disease C. L. pneumophila Guinea worm disease B. Dracunculus nematode Typhoid fever D. Salmonella
This image best represents which of the following terms?
Bioaccumulation
Which of the following statements is not true regarding environmental and health impact assessments?
Both require mitigation plans for the environmental impacts of proposed projects.
Which of the following is not an example of an incidental additive?
C. Vitamins to improve nutrition
Correctly match the act to its main purpose.
CERCLA C. Created a superfund to take care of abandoned hazardous waste sites and emergency releases of pollutants OSHA D. Responsible for ensuring worker and workplace safety; created NIOSH FIFRA A. Gives responsibility of pesticide distribution, sale, and use to the federal government including registration with the EPA NEPA B. Requires all federal branches of government to consider environmental impacts when undertaking major projects
Which of the following is the most frequently recycled material?
D. Used automobile batteries
All of the following would be considered natural sources of water contamination, except for:
DBPs
Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease (the epidemiologic triangle). Which statement is true about the triangle?
E. All of these are correct.
Hazards associated with sanitary landfill operations include:
E. All of these are correct.
The environment plays a role in human health through associations with which of the following?
E. All of these are correct.
The growing solid waste problem is characterized by which of the following?
E. All of these are correct.
Match the foodborne contaminant to its correct category.
E. coli A. Biological Mercury B. Chemical Insect debris C. Physical Norovirus A. Biological
The goal of risk management is to ensure only substances with 0% risk are available for use by the public and private industries.
False
Match the disease with its most appropriate mitigation strategy.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome A. Control rodent population and infestation Rocky Mountain spotted fever C. Encourage outdoor enthusiasts to use approved repellents and check themselves for ticks Lead poisoning B. Safely remodel homes built before 1978 Melanosis D. Ensure drinking water is monitored and filtered of arsenic
All of the following are examples of environmental justice issues, except:
Having a family history of cardiovascular disease
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding lead exposure?
Leaded gasoline is currently a leading cause of air pollution and lead poisoning.
Which element was associated with 'Mad Hatter's Disease'?
Hg
All of the following statements are true of CERCLA, except for:
It gave the FDA authority to respond to hazardous releases.
Match the individual with their contribution to environmental health.
John Snow C. Used natural experiments to identify the cause of a waterborne-disease outbreak Paracelsus A. Credited with the dose-response relationship of toxicology Hippocrates B. Credited with early writings establishing a relationship between an individuals' environment and their health Sir Percival Pott D. Credited as the first person to describe an environmental cause of cancer
Match the source of radiation to its correct radiation classification.
Microwaves B. Non-ionizing radiation Tanning beds A. Ionizing radiation Medical x-rays A. Ionizing radiation Power lines B. Non-ionizing radiation
Which entity is responsible for studying occupational illnesses and injuries?
NIOSH
True or False? The presence of an environmental hazard may be the end product of disparities of power and privilege within a community.
true
Match the substance with its most likely source of exposure.
Organophosphates B. Insecticides approved for use at home Lead D. Paint in homes built before the late 1970s and older water pipes Mercury A. A diet heavy in large, wild-caught fish Phthalates C. Many plastic-based consumer products
Match the following air quality terms to their most correct descriptor.
Ozone (tropospheric) B. Secondary pollutant Carbon dioxide C. Primary pollutant Incinerator D. Stationary source Airplanes A. Mobile source
Match the etiologic agent with its most likely vector.
P. falciparum A. Anopholes mosquito Y. pestis B. X. cheopis flea B. burgdorferi D. I. scapularis tick Flavivirus (Dengue) C. A. aegypti mosquito
Which of the following is best described as a substance that remains in the environment for long periods of time?
POPs
All of the following are zoonoses or vectorborne diseases except:
Seasonal influenza
Which of the following statements is not true of GMOs?
Some GM foods have been designed to improve nutrition, reduce cancer risk, or resist disease.
An individual is exposed to a potentially toxic substance. All of the following scenarios would increase the likelihood of the individual experiencing toxic effects, except for:
The individual has a higher tolerance to the substance.
Which of the following statements is not true of UV radiation?
The only source of UV radiation is from the sun.
You are a researcher analyzing the potential for teratogenicity of a nutritional supplement, X. You use a longitudinal study design to follow the pregnant mothers and their children until the children reach the age of 4; half the mothers receive the supplement, and the other half receive a control. Your study is designed to assess supplement X's influence on miscarriage and childhood autism. When you calculate the appropriate measure of association for both outcomes of interest, the scores are less than one. Assume the result is statistically significant. Given this information, which of the following statements is most likely true?
The researcher used odds ratio to measure association, and the supplement might cause miscarriage and autism.
You are a researcher analyzing the association of a history of sunburn and skin cancer. You use a retrospective study design that pairs individuals with skin cancer with controls and asks each individual about their sunburn rates as children and young adults. When you calculate the appropriate measure of association for the outcome of interest, the score is greater than one. Assume the result is statistically significant. Given this information, which of the following statements is most likely true?
The researcher used relative risk to measure association, and a history of sunburn might provide a protective benefit from skin cancer.
'Leaching' is a potential concern for all of the following substances, except:
Volatile organic chemicals
You are interning with you local public health department and have been tasked with compiling a report on injuries, violent death, and the costs of injuries. What tool would be best to use?
WISQARS
Which potential source of drinking water would generally require the least decontamination?
aquifer
Using the Total Worker Health hierarchy of controls, identify which level of control is demonstrated by the following: Health professionals are at higher risk of exposure to infectious diseases such as influenza. Each October, a hospital system sends out email reminders to all employees about the availability of flu shots and their effectiveness at reducing the risk of developing influenza.
education
Beef, poultry, and pork are the only meat products permitted to use synthetic hormones.
false
Bioaccumulation of ethyl mercury is a significant concern in human health.
false
Global climate change is not associated with air pollution.
false
Intentional injuries cause more deaths than unintentional injuries in a typical year.
false
Noise and sound are the same thing.
false
Organic farming practices ensure that organic produce does not contain any heavy metals.
false
Sewage water that has undergone tertiary treatment is potable.
false
Zoonotic disease and vectorborne disease have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.
false
All of the following are known carcinogens, except for:
iron
All of the following are examples of biological air pollutants, except for:
radon
___________ systems are to rural areas as sewage systems are to urban and suburban areas.
septic
Which of the following pollutants is not listed by the EPA as a criteria air pollutant?
smog
Using the Total Worker Health hierarchy of controls, identify which level of control is demonstrated by the following: White phosphorous was used in matchmaking and illuminated watches. It was responsible for causing the occupational illness phossy jaw. Manufacturers eventually used red phosphorous instead as it was safer.
substitution
Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a natural occurrence (not anthropogenic).
true
Evaluation is a key component in establishing environmental policy.
true
Internationally, scientific studies have consistently verified the safety of genetically modified foods.
true
Naturally-occurring and synthetic substances both have the potential to cause toxicity.
true
Phossy jaw was an occupational illness that primarily impacted children and young women who worked with phosphorous.
true