Environmental Health & Safety Final

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Which of the following substances would an average American be most exposed to on a regular basis? Assume they do not have an occupational hazard.

Bisphenol-A

True or False? Transport-related injuries (1999 to 2015 data) are the leading cause of death in the United States among those age 0 to 19 years.

true

Order the facets of the ecological model of population health from the most central to the most outward.

1. Innate factors 2.Individual Behavior 3.Social, family, and community networks 4.Living and Working conditions 5.Broad factors at global, national, and state levels

Correctly order the following routes of entry from the lowest relative speed of the effect to the highest.

1.Intravenous 2.Inhalation 3.Oral 4.Dermal

In which decade did America establish the most major environmental health laws?

1970s

Which phase of the policy cycle would primarily involve setting priorities, deciding at what time to deal with the environmental problem, and determining who will deal with the problem?

Agenda Setting

This graph would most likely be used for which of the following?

A group of lab rats being administered a new chemical

Which of the following scenarios would lead to toxicity most quickly? Assume all substances have equal exposure and absorbed doses and all individuals are roughly the same size.

A man inhales fumes from the burning tire rubber he uses to smoke meat

Organizing work shifts and rotating employees to minimize exposure to hazards is an example of which of the following?

B. Administrative controls

Match the disease name/nick name to its etiologic agent.

Beaver fever A. G. lamblia Legionnaire's disease C. L. pneumophila Guinea worm disease B. Dracunculus nematode Typhoid fever D. Salmonella

This image best represents which of the following terms?

Bioaccumulation

Which of the following statements is not true regarding environmental and health impact assessments?

Both require mitigation plans for the environmental impacts of proposed projects.

Which of the following is not an example of an incidental additive?

C. Vitamins to improve nutrition

Correctly match the act to its main purpose.

CERCLA C. Created a superfund to take care of abandoned hazardous waste sites and emergency releases of pollutants OSHA D. Responsible for ensuring worker and workplace safety; created NIOSH FIFRA A. Gives responsibility of pesticide distribution, sale, and use to the federal government including registration with the EPA NEPA B. Requires all federal branches of government to consider environmental impacts when undertaking major projects

Which of the following is the most frequently recycled material?

D. Used automobile batteries

All of the following would be considered natural sources of water contamination, except for:

DBPs

Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease (the epidemiologic triangle). Which statement is true about the triangle?

E. All of these are correct.

Hazards associated with sanitary landfill operations include:

E. All of these are correct.

The environment plays a role in human health through associations with which of the following?

E. All of these are correct.

The growing solid waste problem is characterized by which of the following?

E. All of these are correct.

Match the foodborne contaminant to its correct category.

E. coli A. Biological Mercury B. Chemical Insect debris C. Physical Norovirus A. Biological

The goal of risk management is to ensure only substances with 0% risk are available for use by the public and private industries.

False

Match the disease with its most appropriate mitigation strategy.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome A. Control rodent population and infestation Rocky Mountain spotted fever C. Encourage outdoor enthusiasts to use approved repellents and check themselves for ticks Lead poisoning B. Safely remodel homes built before 1978 Melanosis D. Ensure drinking water is monitored and filtered of arsenic

All of the following are examples of environmental justice issues, except:

Having a family history of cardiovascular disease

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding lead exposure?

Leaded gasoline is currently a leading cause of air pollution and lead poisoning.

Which element was associated with 'Mad Hatter's Disease'?

Hg

All of the following statements are true of CERCLA, except for:

It gave the FDA authority to respond to hazardous releases.

Match the individual with their contribution to environmental health.

John Snow C. Used natural experiments to identify the cause of a waterborne-disease outbreak Paracelsus A. Credited with the dose-response relationship of toxicology Hippocrates B. Credited with early writings establishing a relationship between an individuals' environment and their health Sir Percival Pott D. Credited as the first person to describe an environmental cause of cancer

Match the source of radiation to its correct radiation classification.

Microwaves B. Non-ionizing radiation Tanning beds A. Ionizing radiation Medical x-rays A. Ionizing radiation Power lines B. Non-ionizing radiation

Which entity is responsible for studying occupational illnesses and injuries?

NIOSH

True or False? The presence of an environmental hazard may be the end product of disparities of power and privilege within a community.

true

Match the substance with its most likely source of exposure.

Organophosphates B. Insecticides approved for use at home Lead D. Paint in homes built before the late 1970s and older water pipes Mercury A. A diet heavy in large, wild-caught fish Phthalates C. Many plastic-based consumer products

Match the following air quality terms to their most correct descriptor.

Ozone (tropospheric) B. Secondary pollutant Carbon dioxide C. Primary pollutant Incinerator D. Stationary source Airplanes A. Mobile source

Match the etiologic agent with its most likely vector.

P. falciparum A. Anopholes mosquito Y. pestis B. X. cheopis flea B. burgdorferi D. I. scapularis tick Flavivirus (Dengue) C. A. aegypti mosquito

Which of the following is best described as a substance that remains in the environment for long periods of time?

POPs

All of the following are zoonoses or vectorborne diseases except:

Seasonal influenza

Which of the following statements is not true of GMOs?

Some GM foods have been designed to improve nutrition, reduce cancer risk, or resist disease.

An individual is exposed to a potentially toxic substance. All of the following scenarios would increase the likelihood of the individual experiencing toxic effects, except for:

The individual has a higher tolerance to the substance.

Which of the following statements is not true of UV radiation?

The only source of UV radiation is from the sun.

You are a researcher analyzing the potential for teratogenicity of a nutritional supplement, X. You use a longitudinal study design to follow the pregnant mothers and their children until the children reach the age of 4; half the mothers receive the supplement, and the other half receive a control. Your study is designed to assess supplement X's influence on miscarriage and childhood autism. When you calculate the appropriate measure of association for both outcomes of interest, the scores are less than one. Assume the result is statistically significant. Given this information, which of the following statements is most likely true?

The researcher used odds ratio to measure association, and the supplement might cause miscarriage and autism.

You are a researcher analyzing the association of a history of sunburn and skin cancer. You use a retrospective study design that pairs individuals with skin cancer with controls and asks each individual about their sunburn rates as children and young adults. When you calculate the appropriate measure of association for the outcome of interest, the score is greater than one. Assume the result is statistically significant. Given this information, which of the following statements is most likely true?

The researcher used relative risk to measure association, and a history of sunburn might provide a protective benefit from skin cancer.

'Leaching' is a potential concern for all of the following substances, except:

Volatile organic chemicals

You are interning with you local public health department and have been tasked with compiling a report on injuries, violent death, and the costs of injuries. What tool would be best to use?

WISQARS

Which potential source of drinking water would generally require the least decontamination?

aquifer

Using the Total Worker Health hierarchy of controls, identify which level of control is demonstrated by the following: Health professionals are at higher risk of exposure to infectious diseases such as influenza. Each October, a hospital system sends out email reminders to all employees about the availability of flu shots and their effectiveness at reducing the risk of developing influenza.

education

Beef, poultry, and pork are the only meat products permitted to use synthetic hormones.

false

Bioaccumulation of ethyl mercury is a significant concern in human health.

false

Global climate change is not associated with air pollution.

false

Intentional injuries cause more deaths than unintentional injuries in a typical year.

false

Noise and sound are the same thing.

false

Organic farming practices ensure that organic produce does not contain any heavy metals.

false

Sewage water that has undergone tertiary treatment is potable.

false

Zoonotic disease and vectorborne disease have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

false

All of the following are known carcinogens, except for:

iron

All of the following are examples of biological air pollutants, except for:

radon

___________ systems are to rural areas as sewage systems are to urban and suburban areas.

septic

Which of the following pollutants is not listed by the EPA as a criteria air pollutant?

smog

Using the Total Worker Health hierarchy of controls, identify which level of control is demonstrated by the following: White phosphorous was used in matchmaking and illuminated watches. It was responsible for causing the occupational illness phossy jaw. Manufacturers eventually used red phosphorous instead as it was safer.

substitution

Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a natural occurrence (not anthropogenic).

true

Evaluation is a key component in establishing environmental policy.

true

Internationally, scientific studies have consistently verified the safety of genetically modified foods.

true

Naturally-occurring and synthetic substances both have the potential to cause toxicity.

true

Phossy jaw was an occupational illness that primarily impacted children and young women who worked with phosphorous.

true


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