Environmental interactions

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Not round

aspherical

right body

left hemisphere

fatty layer around axons

sheath

Off-center viewing of a dim object at night is helpful because:

the faint object will focus on the fovea

Protective membranes surrounding the brain are called

the meninges

What system allows us to interact with our environment, the physical world?

the nervous system

A gland in the neck region where thyroxine is produced

thyroid gland

A hormone that increases the metabolic rate

thyroxine

A concussion causes disruption of brain function.

true

A light image formed on the retina is inverted.

true

The ear drum; a thin semitransparent membrane separating the outer ear and the middle ear and transmitting sound waves

tympanic membrane

The spinal cord runs through and is protected by the

vertebrae

Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of:

vitamin A

A transparent jellylike substance filling the eyeball

vitreous humor

The pupil of the eye is:

a hole through the center of the anterior choroid

A transmitter substance from the nervous system that causes muscle contraction

acetylcholine

A transparent liquid which is located between the cornea and iris

aqueous humor

Localized distortion of light through the cornea is called

astigmatism

light refracted a-spherically

astigmatism

The nerve that transports sound impulses to the cerebral cortex

auditory nerve

The outer external ear structure used for catching and directing sound waves

auricle

outer ear consists of

auricle (pinna) and the auditory canal

Automatic; not needing conscious input

autonomic

"Motor end plates" are associated with:

axon muscle contraction transmitter chemicals

The axons of the retinal culminate in the optic nerve which forms a _________ spot on the retina.

blind

How do nerve signals pass through the synapse?

by chemical reaction by acetylcholine

The brain and the spinal cord are considered the ________ nervous system.

central

coordination

cerebellum

neurons

cerebral cortex

Liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord

cerebrospinal fluid

The largest and uppermost part of the brain is called the:

cerebrum

emotions/visual/thought

cerebrum

An enzyme which neutralizes acetylcholine at the synapse between muscle and nerve, thus stopping contraction

cholinesterase

Muscles attached to the lens to change its shape so that it can be focused on objects viewed

ciliary muscle

The snail-shaped structure which translates vibration into an nerve impulse

cochlea

trouble distinguishing colors

color blindness

Blow to the head that disrupts the function of the brain

concussion

A photoreceptor cell which functions best in bright light. It detects color.

cone

The photoreceptor cells which are sensitive to colors are called the

cones

The transparent front portion of the eye covering the lens

cornea

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which regulates metabolism, and balances salt and water within the body

corticoid

vagus nerve

cranial nerve

The inner layer of skin, which contains many of the structures needed to give skin its important properties

dermis

The tympanic membrane is:

eardrum

measures electrical changes of the heart

electrocardiogram

A graph showing the brain waves.

electroencephalogram

measures brain waves

electroencephalogram

The outermost layer of skin

epidermis

A brain problem that causes seizures

epilepsy

Neurons do not have a nucleus like most cells.

false

The lens of the human eye is fixed in shape.

false

Difficulty with seeing objects close to the eye is called:

farsightedness hyperopia

The ultimate function of ciliary muscles is to ________ the eye.

focus

The area of the eye with a concentration of cones is the:

fovea

voluntary muscles

frontal lobe

willful muscle contraction; emotions

frontal lobe

ganglia, Collections of nerve cells

ganglion

The hormone secreted by the pancreas which raises the blood sugar level

glucagon

Number the three bones of the ear in the order that they receive and respond to a sound wave.

hammer anvil stirrup

Farsightedness

hyperopia

eyeball too short

hyperopia

Match the related units of a neuron. polarization branching "tree like" structure single thread space between neurons transmits signal from cell body receives signals electrical cable

impulse dendrite axon synapse axon dendrite multiple axons

When ascending in an aircraft, the pressure in the middle ear, relative to the outside air, will:

increase

What is the purpose of all the folds in the cerebrum?

increases the surface area

A special part of the choroid layer composed of colorful tissue around the dark pupil of the eye

iris

The portion of the eye that acts as a camera shutter is the:

iris

A slowly progressive bacterial infection of skin and nerves

leprosy

involuntary muscles

medulla

Impulses travel through neurons because of the reversal of

membrane polarization

In which part of the ear does pressure need to be equalized when changing altitude or scuba diving?

middle ear

The substance that sheaths myelinated nerves

myelin

Eyeball too long

myopia

Nearsightedness

myopia

Difficulty with seeing distant objects is called:

nearsightedness myopia

a neuron is a ____ cell

nerve

Gathering and interpreting information is a function of the:

nervous system

Vitamin A deficiency

night blindness

The nerve that sends smell messages

olfactory nerve

The nerve connecting the eye to the brain

optic nerve

One division of the autonomic nervous system

parasympathetic

Four small endocrine glands within the thyroid gland in the neck which produce PTH

parathyroid gland

(PTH). The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that regulates calcium metabolism

parathyroid hormone

contains many sensory areas

parietal lobe

Specialized cells located in the retina that receive light images for the purpose of passing the information on to the brain via the optic nerve

photoreceptor

spinal cord - input/output

pinal nerves

Separation of charge in the neurons that prepares them for transmitting an impulse

polarized

The main purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid is for

protection

A delicate light-sensitive membrane covering the inside of the eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain

retina

The eye layer which receives light images is the _____.

retina

A photoreceptor cell which is more responsive in dim light. It detects only black and white.

rod

The retinal cells responsible for night vision are:

rods

A structure composed of fibrous tissue surrounding the eye to give it shape

sclera

(Select all that apply.) The layers of the eye are the _____.

sclera retina choroid

A structure in the inner ear composed of three looped tubes at right angles to each other that serves to maintain balance and orientation

semicircular canal

What is the "reflex arc"?

sensation and reaction circuit bypassing the brain

The other division of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic

The junction between two nerve cells

synapse

sensations for hearing, taste, and smell

temporal lobe

Part of the brain that transmits and modifies nervous impulses

thalamus

electrical relay

thalamus


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