Environmental interactions
Not round
aspherical
right body
left hemisphere
fatty layer around axons
sheath
Off-center viewing of a dim object at night is helpful because:
the faint object will focus on the fovea
Protective membranes surrounding the brain are called
the meninges
What system allows us to interact with our environment, the physical world?
the nervous system
A gland in the neck region where thyroxine is produced
thyroid gland
A hormone that increases the metabolic rate
thyroxine
A concussion causes disruption of brain function.
true
A light image formed on the retina is inverted.
true
The ear drum; a thin semitransparent membrane separating the outer ear and the middle ear and transmitting sound waves
tympanic membrane
The spinal cord runs through and is protected by the
vertebrae
Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of:
vitamin A
A transparent jellylike substance filling the eyeball
vitreous humor
The pupil of the eye is:
a hole through the center of the anterior choroid
A transmitter substance from the nervous system that causes muscle contraction
acetylcholine
A transparent liquid which is located between the cornea and iris
aqueous humor
Localized distortion of light through the cornea is called
astigmatism
light refracted a-spherically
astigmatism
The nerve that transports sound impulses to the cerebral cortex
auditory nerve
The outer external ear structure used for catching and directing sound waves
auricle
outer ear consists of
auricle (pinna) and the auditory canal
Automatic; not needing conscious input
autonomic
"Motor end plates" are associated with:
axon muscle contraction transmitter chemicals
The axons of the retinal culminate in the optic nerve which forms a _________ spot on the retina.
blind
How do nerve signals pass through the synapse?
by chemical reaction by acetylcholine
The brain and the spinal cord are considered the ________ nervous system.
central
coordination
cerebellum
neurons
cerebral cortex
Liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
The largest and uppermost part of the brain is called the:
cerebrum
emotions/visual/thought
cerebrum
An enzyme which neutralizes acetylcholine at the synapse between muscle and nerve, thus stopping contraction
cholinesterase
Muscles attached to the lens to change its shape so that it can be focused on objects viewed
ciliary muscle
The snail-shaped structure which translates vibration into an nerve impulse
cochlea
trouble distinguishing colors
color blindness
Blow to the head that disrupts the function of the brain
concussion
A photoreceptor cell which functions best in bright light. It detects color.
cone
The photoreceptor cells which are sensitive to colors are called the
cones
The transparent front portion of the eye covering the lens
cornea
Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which regulates metabolism, and balances salt and water within the body
corticoid
vagus nerve
cranial nerve
The inner layer of skin, which contains many of the structures needed to give skin its important properties
dermis
The tympanic membrane is:
eardrum
measures electrical changes of the heart
electrocardiogram
A graph showing the brain waves.
electroencephalogram
measures brain waves
electroencephalogram
The outermost layer of skin
epidermis
A brain problem that causes seizures
epilepsy
Neurons do not have a nucleus like most cells.
false
The lens of the human eye is fixed in shape.
false
Difficulty with seeing objects close to the eye is called:
farsightedness hyperopia
The ultimate function of ciliary muscles is to ________ the eye.
focus
The area of the eye with a concentration of cones is the:
fovea
voluntary muscles
frontal lobe
willful muscle contraction; emotions
frontal lobe
ganglia, Collections of nerve cells
ganglion
The hormone secreted by the pancreas which raises the blood sugar level
glucagon
Number the three bones of the ear in the order that they receive and respond to a sound wave.
hammer anvil stirrup
Farsightedness
hyperopia
eyeball too short
hyperopia
Match the related units of a neuron. polarization branching "tree like" structure single thread space between neurons transmits signal from cell body receives signals electrical cable
impulse dendrite axon synapse axon dendrite multiple axons
When ascending in an aircraft, the pressure in the middle ear, relative to the outside air, will:
increase
What is the purpose of all the folds in the cerebrum?
increases the surface area
A special part of the choroid layer composed of colorful tissue around the dark pupil of the eye
iris
The portion of the eye that acts as a camera shutter is the:
iris
A slowly progressive bacterial infection of skin and nerves
leprosy
involuntary muscles
medulla
Impulses travel through neurons because of the reversal of
membrane polarization
In which part of the ear does pressure need to be equalized when changing altitude or scuba diving?
middle ear
The substance that sheaths myelinated nerves
myelin
Eyeball too long
myopia
Nearsightedness
myopia
Difficulty with seeing distant objects is called:
nearsightedness myopia
a neuron is a ____ cell
nerve
Gathering and interpreting information is a function of the:
nervous system
Vitamin A deficiency
night blindness
The nerve that sends smell messages
olfactory nerve
The nerve connecting the eye to the brain
optic nerve
One division of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic
Four small endocrine glands within the thyroid gland in the neck which produce PTH
parathyroid gland
(PTH). The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that regulates calcium metabolism
parathyroid hormone
contains many sensory areas
parietal lobe
Specialized cells located in the retina that receive light images for the purpose of passing the information on to the brain via the optic nerve
photoreceptor
spinal cord - input/output
pinal nerves
Separation of charge in the neurons that prepares them for transmitting an impulse
polarized
The main purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid is for
protection
A delicate light-sensitive membrane covering the inside of the eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain
retina
The eye layer which receives light images is the _____.
retina
A photoreceptor cell which is more responsive in dim light. It detects only black and white.
rod
The retinal cells responsible for night vision are:
rods
A structure composed of fibrous tissue surrounding the eye to give it shape
sclera
(Select all that apply.) The layers of the eye are the _____.
sclera retina choroid
A structure in the inner ear composed of three looped tubes at right angles to each other that serves to maintain balance and orientation
semicircular canal
What is the "reflex arc"?
sensation and reaction circuit bypassing the brain
The other division of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic
The junction between two nerve cells
synapse
sensations for hearing, taste, and smell
temporal lobe
Part of the brain that transmits and modifies nervous impulses
thalamus
electrical relay
thalamus