Environmental Science A - Habitats (4)
The open ocean, sea floor, and coral reefs are all examples of habitats with high rates of primary production.
(92%) True
Adding an organism to a food chain does not affect the other members of the food chain, but removing an organism does.
False
Algae uses all the energy in sunlight to perform photosynthesis.
False
Compiling data into a table is not a useful method for distinguishing between contrasting observations.
False
Macroevolution occurs within a population.
False
Migration is always temporary.
False
Only specialist species are well adapted to their native habitats.
False
Plants and animals do not respond to the presence of abiotic factors in their ecosystems.
False
The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot fill similar niches.
False
The coyote (canis latrans) is found across North America which makes it a specialist species.
False
The most productive marine habitats are in the open ocean.
False
The terms commensalism and mutualism have the same meaning and are interchangeable.
False
Which of the following explains the inversion of the aquatic pyramid of biomass?
NOT /// d. high energy content of phytoplankton NOT ///
Abiotic factors, like water, are critical to most food chains.
True
An increase in the biodiversity of an ecosystem leads to an increase in its productivity.
True
Blizzards and hurricanes are examples of contrasting observable events.
True
Less than 0.1% of the energy in a food chain generally makes it from the sun to decomposers.
True
The competitive exclusion principle can lead to adaptation of organisms trying to occupy the same niche.
True
The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot fill the same niche.
True
The loss of an organism at the bottom of a food chain negatively impacts all organisms in the chain.
True
Water is an abiotic factor in terrestrial environments.
True
lagoon
a body of water separated from a larger body of water by a reef or strip of land
amoeba
a single-celled organism that ingests its food by engulfing it with appendages called pseudo pods, or 'false feet'; same method used for movement/locomotion
torpor
a temporary state of inactivity where an organism slows down metabolic activities, body temperature, and heart rate to conserve energy
mutualism
a type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit from the relationship
commensalism
a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits from its association with another organism, while the second organism is neither helped nor harmed
parasitism
a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism will benefit from its association with another organism and will harm the second organism
What is the difference between a lake and a pond?
a. A pond is smaller in size and does not have a temperature gradient.
Which of the following is a specialist species?
a. Giant Pandas
Consider the following food chain: Garden plants are eaten by snails, which are eaten by birds, which are eaten by the household cat. What happens to the other members of the food chain if the garden is removed?
a. The number of snails and birds decrease.
Which of the following is not true about Polar bears?
a. They all hibernate.
What happened to the greenish warbler birds as they migrated from the southern portion of their range up around the Tibetan Plateau?
a. They evolved separately as they moved north and became two separate species.
The Pompeii worm was discovered near _______.
a. a hydrothermal vent
Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?
a. barnacles living on a whale's skin
Animals marking their territory with urine is an example of _______.
a. competition
Which hummingbird adaptation is most advantageous for supporting their high metabolism?
a. entering torpor
Which statement about how organisms depend on abiotic factors in an aquatic ecosystem is not true?
a. most living organisms can survive in environments with several different temperature and salinity levels
Competitive exclusion occurs when _______.
a. organisms attempt to fill the same niche
Consider the following food chain: Plants are eaten by grasshoppers, which are eaten by mice, which are eaten by snakes. What will happen to the other members of the food chain if the grasshoppers are removed?
a. the number of plants will increase, the number of mice will decrease, the number of snakes will decrease
Which of the following is a possible long-term consequence of two organisms occupying the same niche?
a. (92%) Local extinction
The four essential elements for life are _______.
a. (92%) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
symbiosis
an interaction that occurs when two or more organisms live together within an ecosystem
How can an increase in biodiversity lead to an increase in ecosystem stability?
b. A more biodiverse ecosystem has a higher chance of adapting to species changes.
Which of the following is not an example of predation?
b. A tree obtaining nutrients from the soil
The Great Burdock plant's seeds have spines on them that attach to the fur of animals that brush against it. The seed then travels with the animal until it eventually falls off, which spreads the plant's seeds farther than the plant could have done. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
b. Commensalism
Variation of ecological habitats within a species is characteristic of which type of diversity?
b. Ecosystem diversity
Gila Monsters are one of two types of venomous lizards in the world. If you wanted to avoid coming across the Gila Monster when hiking in Arizona you would want to avoid __________ and __________ because Gila Monsters are crepuscular.
b. dawn and dusk
Which of the following are characteristics of generalist species?
b. large habitat and varied diet
A mutation that causes resistance in a population of beetles is an example of _______.
b. microevolution
What are the three types of symbiosis?
b. mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
If a stationary body of water has a constant temperature from top to bottom it is most likely a(n) _______.
b. pond
Bacteria living in the soil are dependent upon which of the following abiotic factors?
b. soil temperature and water content
Living organisms interact in a variety of ways for a variety of purposes. The imperial shrimp rides on sea cucumbers as they travel underwater. This interaction enables the shrimp to use little to no energy to move between the areas in which it feeds. The sea cucumber is typically unaware that the shrimp is using it for transport. Which type of interaction occurs between the imperial shrimp and its host organism?
b. commensalism
Bees obtain food they need from flowers. The flowers benefit by having their pollen dispersed by the bees as they travel from flower to flower. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
b. (92%) Mutualism
What is a possible cause for a decrease in ecosystem productivity?
b. (92%) a decrease of the biodiversity of an ecosystem
Which of the following is a possible reason for migration?
b. (92%) diminished food supply
Which role does the cane toad play in the Hawaiian Islands?
b. invasive species
Bruce believes that male students in his physics course spend more time working on homework than female students. His teacher and classmates are skeptical, so they asked him for proof. Which of the following would be the best way for Bruce to prove his point?
c. Have students record homework time in a class data table every day, tally up the time, and make a bar graph contrasting male and female homework times
The Hawaiian Islands are home to many endangered species. Why do you think the Hawaii Department of Agriculture is so strict about allowing nonnative species onto the islands?
c. It is so strict because a foreign species could compete with a native species and drive it to extinction.
The organism P. malariae lives in red blood cells, causing the host organism to experience high fevers and chills. What type of relationship is this?
c. Parasitism
The variety of organisms within an ecosystem is characteristic of which type of diversity?
c. Species diversity
Which is not an adaptation of desert animals that help them retain and acquire water in such a hot and dry environment?
c. evolved an internal 'air conditioning' system to help them stay cool
Which habitat would have the least variation in its salinity?
c. lake
Which of the following is not an example of interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
c. male elk fighting over a female
The biomass pyramids for phytoplankton and trees in their respective environments are _______.
c. opposite
Which of the following are not biotic factors in a terrestrial ecosystem?
c. rivers
Which of the following aquatic environments would not freeze in winter?
c. salt marsh
When the comb jelly, Mnemiopsis leidyi, was introduced into the Black Sea, its population exploded to 500 comb jellies per cubic yard in 1988. The jellies devoured all the zooplankton and fish larvae, drastically reducing the numbers of the native fish populations. This situation demonstrates _______.
c. the impact of removing or adding organisms to an ecosystem.
mangrove
coastal wetlands dominated by salt-tolerant plants
The amount of energy lost at the transition between each trophic level of the pyramid of energy is about _______.
d. 90%
Many dogs bark when unknown individuals approach their house. What type of interaction is this?
d. Competition
Which of the following makes data analysis easier?
d. Organizing contrasting observations into a table, chart, or graph
Consider the following food chain: Plants are eaten by grasshoppers, which are eaten by mice, which are eaten by snakes. What will happen to snakes in the long term if mice become extinct?
d. Snakes will die out if they do not find an alternative food source.
Polar bears' hair _______.
d. all of the above
The principle characteristic distinguishing marine and freshwater ecosystems is _______.
d. dissolved salt
The water hyacinth is an invasive species that can spread extremely fast, blanketing a water surface in a very short period of time. It can limit boat traffic, swimming, and fishing, and it can deprive native plants and animals of sunlight and oxygen, thus reducing the local biodiversity. This situation demonstrates _______.
d. how changes in biodiversity impact an ecosystem
The inversion of terrestrial and aquatic energy pyramids is dependent upon the nature of that environment's particular _______.
d. producers
Which level of consumer has access to the smallest supply of energy?
d. quaternary
The temperature stability of earth's atmosphere is mostly due to _______.
d. water in the oceans acting as a thermoregulator
Which of the following does not occupy the bottom of an energy pyramid?
d. zooplankton
Consider the following food chain: Garden plants are eaten by snails, which are eaten by birds, which are eaten by the household cat. What happens to the other members of the food chain if the cat is removed?
d. (92%) The number of plants and birds increase and the number of snails decreases.
Echolocation is an adaptation bats use to _______.
d. (92%) all of the above
Which of the following is not a possible reason for migration?
d. (92%) increased biodiversity
estuary
environments where rivers meet the sea, or where fresh water meets salt water; contain a mixture of fresh water and salt water
extremophile
organism that lives in extreme environments
salinity
refers to the amount of salt dissolved in a medium (saltwater)
niche
role of an organism in an ecosystem
Competitive Exclusion Principle
states that no two organisms can fill the same niche in a given ecosystem at the same time
salt marsh
temperate zone estuaries located along seacoasts
photic zone
the surface layer of aquatic environments that is penetrated by sunlight
hibernate
usually an extended duration of inactivity where an organisms bodily functions significantly slow down to conserve energy