Environmental Science A - Habitats (4)

The open ocean, sea floor, and coral reefs are all examples of habitats with high rates of primary production.

(92%) True

Adding an organism to a food chain does not affect the other members of the food chain, but removing an organism does.

False

Algae uses all the energy in sunlight to perform photosynthesis.

False

Compiling data into a table is not a useful method for distinguishing between contrasting observations.

False

Macroevolution occurs within a population.

False

Migration is always temporary.

False

Only specialist species are well adapted to their native habitats.

False

Plants and animals do not respond to the presence of abiotic factors in their ecosystems.

False

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot fill similar niches.

False

The coyote (canis latrans) is found across North America which makes it a specialist species.

False

The most productive marine habitats are in the open ocean.

False

The terms commensalism and mutualism have the same meaning and are interchangeable.

False

Which of the following explains the inversion of the aquatic pyramid of biomass?

NOT /// d. high energy content of phytoplankton NOT ///

Abiotic factors, like water, are critical to most food chains.

True

An increase in the biodiversity of an ecosystem leads to an increase in its productivity.

True

Blizzards and hurricanes are examples of contrasting observable events.

True

Less than 0.1% of the energy in a food chain generally makes it from the sun to decomposers.

True

The competitive exclusion principle can lead to adaptation of organisms trying to occupy the same niche.

True

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot fill the same niche.

True

The loss of an organism at the bottom of a food chain negatively impacts all organisms in the chain.

True

Water is an abiotic factor in terrestrial environments.

True

lagoon

a body of water separated from a larger body of water by a reef or strip of land

amoeba

a single-celled organism that ingests its food by engulfing it with appendages called pseudo pods, or 'false feet'; same method used for movement/locomotion

torpor

a temporary state of inactivity where an organism slows down metabolic activities, body temperature, and heart rate to conserve energy

mutualism

a type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit from the relationship

commensalism

a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits from its association with another organism, while the second organism is neither helped nor harmed

parasitism

a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism will benefit from its association with another organism and will harm the second organism

What is the difference between a lake and a pond?

a. A pond is smaller in size and does not have a temperature gradient.

Which of the following is a specialist species?

a. Giant Pandas

Consider the following food chain: Garden plants are eaten by snails, which are eaten by birds, which are eaten by the household cat. What happens to the other members of the food chain if the garden is removed?

a. The number of snails and birds decrease.

Which of the following is not true about Polar bears?

a. They all hibernate.

What happened to the greenish warbler birds as they migrated from the southern portion of their range up around the Tibetan Plateau?

a. They evolved separately as they moved north and became two separate species.

The Pompeii worm was discovered near _______.

a. a hydrothermal vent

Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?

a. barnacles living on a whale's skin

Animals marking their territory with urine is an example of _______.

a. competition

Which hummingbird adaptation is most advantageous for supporting their high metabolism?

a. entering torpor

Which statement about how organisms depend on abiotic factors in an aquatic ecosystem is not true?

a. most living organisms can survive in environments with several different temperature and salinity levels

Competitive exclusion occurs when _______.

a. organisms attempt to fill the same niche

Consider the following food chain: Plants are eaten by grasshoppers, which are eaten by mice, which are eaten by snakes. What will happen to the other members of the food chain if the grasshoppers are removed?

a. the number of plants will increase, the number of mice will decrease, the number of snakes will decrease

Which of the following is a possible long-term consequence of two organisms occupying the same niche?

a. (92%) Local extinction

The four essential elements for life are _______.

a. (92%) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

symbiosis

an interaction that occurs when two or more organisms live together within an ecosystem

How can an increase in biodiversity lead to an increase in ecosystem stability?

b. A more biodiverse ecosystem has a higher chance of adapting to species changes.

Which of the following is not an example of predation?

b. A tree obtaining nutrients from the soil

The Great Burdock plant's seeds have spines on them that attach to the fur of animals that brush against it. The seed then travels with the animal until it eventually falls off, which spreads the plant's seeds farther than the plant could have done. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?

b. Commensalism

Variation of ecological habitats within a species is characteristic of which type of diversity?

b. Ecosystem diversity

Gila Monsters are one of two types of venomous lizards in the world. If you wanted to avoid coming across the Gila Monster when hiking in Arizona you would want to avoid __________ and __________ because Gila Monsters are crepuscular.

b. dawn and dusk

Which of the following are characteristics of generalist species?

b. large habitat and varied diet

A mutation that causes resistance in a population of beetles is an example of _______.

b. microevolution

What are the three types of symbiosis?

b. mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism

If a stationary body of water has a constant temperature from top to bottom it is most likely a(n) _______.

b. pond

Bacteria living in the soil are dependent upon which of the following abiotic factors?

b. soil temperature and water content

Living organisms interact in a variety of ways for a variety of purposes. The imperial shrimp rides on sea cucumbers as they travel underwater. This interaction enables the shrimp to use little to no energy to move between the areas in which it feeds. The sea cucumber is typically unaware that the shrimp is using it for transport. Which type of interaction occurs between the imperial shrimp and its host organism?

b. commensalism

Bees obtain food they need from flowers. The flowers benefit by having their pollen dispersed by the bees as they travel from flower to flower. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?

b. (92%) Mutualism

What is a possible cause for a decrease in ecosystem productivity?

b. (92%) a decrease of the biodiversity of an ecosystem

Which of the following is a possible reason for migration?

b. (92%) diminished food supply

Which role does the cane toad play in the Hawaiian Islands?

b. invasive species

Bruce believes that male students in his physics course spend more time working on homework than female students. His teacher and classmates are skeptical, so they asked him for proof. Which of the following would be the best way for Bruce to prove his point?

c. Have students record homework time in a class data table every day, tally up the time, and make a bar graph contrasting male and female homework times

The Hawaiian Islands are home to many endangered species. Why do you think the Hawaii Department of Agriculture is so strict about allowing nonnative species onto the islands?

c. It is so strict because a foreign species could compete with a native species and drive it to extinction.

The organism P. malariae lives in red blood cells, causing the host organism to experience high fevers and chills. What type of relationship is this?

c. Parasitism

The variety of organisms within an ecosystem is characteristic of which type of diversity?

c. Species diversity

Which is not an adaptation of desert animals that help them retain and acquire water in such a hot and dry environment?

c. evolved an internal 'air conditioning' system to help them stay cool

Which habitat would have the least variation in its salinity?

c. lake

Which of the following is not an example of interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?

c. male elk fighting over a female

The biomass pyramids for phytoplankton and trees in their respective environments are _______.

c. opposite

Which of the following are not biotic factors in a terrestrial ecosystem?

c. rivers

Which of the following aquatic environments would not freeze in winter?

c. salt marsh

When the comb jelly, Mnemiopsis leidyi, was introduced into the Black Sea, its population exploded to 500 comb jellies per cubic yard in 1988. The jellies devoured all the zooplankton and fish larvae, drastically reducing the numbers of the native fish populations. This situation demonstrates _______.

c. the impact of removing or adding organisms to an ecosystem.

mangrove

coastal wetlands dominated by salt-tolerant plants

The amount of energy lost at the transition between each trophic level of the pyramid of energy is about _______.

d. 90%

Many dogs bark when unknown individuals approach their house. What type of interaction is this?

d. Competition

Which of the following makes data analysis easier?

d. Organizing contrasting observations into a table, chart, or graph

Consider the following food chain: Plants are eaten by grasshoppers, which are eaten by mice, which are eaten by snakes. What will happen to snakes in the long term if mice become extinct?

d. Snakes will die out if they do not find an alternative food source.

Polar bears' hair _______.

d. all of the above

The principle characteristic distinguishing marine and freshwater ecosystems is _______.

d. dissolved salt

The water hyacinth is an invasive species that can spread extremely fast, blanketing a water surface in a very short period of time. It can limit boat traffic, swimming, and fishing, and it can deprive native plants and animals of sunlight and oxygen, thus reducing the local biodiversity. This situation demonstrates _______.

d. how changes in biodiversity impact an ecosystem

The inversion of terrestrial and aquatic energy pyramids is dependent upon the nature of that environment's particular _______.

d. producers

Which level of consumer has access to the smallest supply of energy?

d. quaternary

The temperature stability of earth's atmosphere is mostly due to _______.

d. water in the oceans acting as a thermoregulator

Which of the following does not occupy the bottom of an energy pyramid?

d. zooplankton

Consider the following food chain: Garden plants are eaten by snails, which are eaten by birds, which are eaten by the household cat. What happens to the other members of the food chain if the cat is removed?

d. (92%) The number of plants and birds increase and the number of snails decreases.

Echolocation is an adaptation bats use to _______.

d. (92%) all of the above

Which of the following is not a possible reason for migration?

d. (92%) increased biodiversity

estuary

environments where rivers meet the sea, or where fresh water meets salt water; contain a mixture of fresh water and salt water

extremophile

organism that lives in extreme environments

salinity

refers to the amount of salt dissolved in a medium (saltwater)

niche

role of an organism in an ecosystem

Competitive Exclusion Principle

states that no two organisms can fill the same niche in a given ecosystem at the same time

salt marsh

temperate zone estuaries located along seacoasts

photic zone

the surface layer of aquatic environments that is penetrated by sunlight

hibernate

usually an extended duration of inactivity where an organisms bodily functions significantly slow down to conserve energy