Environmental Science: Chapter 3.1: Matter and the Environment

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a chemical substance with a given set of properties that cannot broken down into substances with other properties

element

explain how macromolecules are involved in passing traits from parents to offspring.

DNA and RNA are examples of nuclei acids, which store and carry genetic info that is passed from one generation to the next.

the basic units of matter

atom

are polymers that consist of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

carbohydrate

examples of carbohydrates

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

what is the function of DNA

carry hereditary info & responsible for passing traits from parents to offspring.

description of oxygen

colorless, odorless, and tasteless

a substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements

compound

description of protein

consist of one or more amino acid chain.

description of hydrocarbons

contain only a hydrogen and carbon

characteristic that best defines a macromolecule is its

function

organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon

hydrocarbon

water molecules stick to each other through _______________________ bonds

hydrogen

are chemically diverse group of macromolecules that are classified together because they do not dissolve in water.

lipid

description of DNA

long chain of nucleotides

includes proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids because of their large size.

macromolecule

what type of matter is protein?

macromolecule

all material in the universe that has mass and occupies space

matter

a combination of two more atoms of the same type or different types joined by covalent bonds

molecule

what type of matter is DNA?

molecule

what type of matter is oxygen?

molecule

are macromolecules that direct protein production

nucleic acid

central core, containing particles called protons and neutrons

nucleus

what type of matter is hydrocarbon?

organic compounds

what is the function of oxygen?

oxide food and plays a role in the breathing process

the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

pH

Two examples of substances that contain hydrocarbons.

petroleum and wood smoke

function of protein

product manufacture & waste cleanup, receive signals from outside the cell & generate intercellular response.

are polymers that serve many functions in organisms.

protein

examples of macromolecules

proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

what is the function of hydrocarbons?

serve as fuels & lubricants as well materials as plastic, fibers.

a mixture in which all the ingredients are evenly distributed

solution

how does water resist changes in temperature?

water is able to absorb a lot of energy without a change in temperature b/c the heat only weakens the hydrogen bonds. it doesn't break them or allow an increase in molecular motion.

is water an element? why or why not?

water is not an element. it is a compound b/c it is made up of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen.

why is water called the universal solvent?

water is polar and can dissolve almost any other molecule.


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