Environmental Science: Chapter 3.1: Matter and the Environment
a chemical substance with a given set of properties that cannot broken down into substances with other properties
element
explain how macromolecules are involved in passing traits from parents to offspring.
DNA and RNA are examples of nuclei acids, which store and carry genetic info that is passed from one generation to the next.
the basic units of matter
atom
are polymers that consist of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
carbohydrate
examples of carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
what is the function of DNA
carry hereditary info & responsible for passing traits from parents to offspring.
description of oxygen
colorless, odorless, and tasteless
a substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements
compound
description of protein
consist of one or more amino acid chain.
description of hydrocarbons
contain only a hydrogen and carbon
characteristic that best defines a macromolecule is its
function
organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
hydrocarbon
water molecules stick to each other through _______________________ bonds
hydrogen
are chemically diverse group of macromolecules that are classified together because they do not dissolve in water.
lipid
description of DNA
long chain of nucleotides
includes proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids because of their large size.
macromolecule
what type of matter is protein?
macromolecule
all material in the universe that has mass and occupies space
matter
a combination of two more atoms of the same type or different types joined by covalent bonds
molecule
what type of matter is DNA?
molecule
what type of matter is oxygen?
molecule
are macromolecules that direct protein production
nucleic acid
central core, containing particles called protons and neutrons
nucleus
what type of matter is hydrocarbon?
organic compounds
what is the function of oxygen?
oxide food and plays a role in the breathing process
the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
pH
Two examples of substances that contain hydrocarbons.
petroleum and wood smoke
function of protein
product manufacture & waste cleanup, receive signals from outside the cell & generate intercellular response.
are polymers that serve many functions in organisms.
protein
examples of macromolecules
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
what is the function of hydrocarbons?
serve as fuels & lubricants as well materials as plastic, fibers.
a mixture in which all the ingredients are evenly distributed
solution
how does water resist changes in temperature?
water is able to absorb a lot of energy without a change in temperature b/c the heat only weakens the hydrogen bonds. it doesn't break them or allow an increase in molecular motion.
is water an element? why or why not?
water is not an element. it is a compound b/c it is made up of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen.
why is water called the universal solvent?
water is polar and can dissolve almost any other molecule.
