Enzymes packet

Reaction for carbonic acid

CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 + H2O -> H3O + HCO3-

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reverse reaction that removes water from carbonic acid, speeding up the process of exhaling carbon dioxide, it also aids in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions

How do cells turn enzymes on and off

Cells can turn enzymes on and off through chemicals signals that are found within cells

What is a chemical reaction?

A chemical reaction is a process that changes a set of chemicals into a different set of chemicals by changing the chemical bonds that join the atoms together in compounds

What is a true of all chemical reactions

All chemical reactions is that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products law

Exergonic Example

Cellular Respiration

What is the importance of energy changes for living things

Energy changes are important for living things because they allow organisms to carry out the necessary chemical reactions that are required to stay alive such as metabolizing digested food. Organisms need energy to survive

Importance of Enzymes?

Enzymes are important because they control the speed of chemical reactions which may be too slow to conform to the processes in our bodies and help us stay alive

How does an enzyme work?

Enzymes provide a site where the reactants can be brought together to react. These reactants, known as substrates, bind to the active site that is found on the enzyme. Both the active site and the substrates have complementary shapes that have a very precise fit. When the substrate interacts with the active site, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. After forming this complex, a reaction is proceeded and a product is made and the enzyme returns to its original form.

What must occur for a chemical reaction to occur?

In order for chemical reactions to take place, the reactants must collide with enough energy so that the existing bonds will be broken and new bonds will be able to be formed

Activation energy

Is energy needed for chemical reactions to start

Why is the carbonic acid important?

It enables the blood to carry carbon dioxide to the lungs. Often the reaction recreates bicarbonate which does important tasks such as maintaining the pH in our blood

Why is it important that energy releasing reactions do not occur spontaneously?

It important because chemical reactions that absorb energy require a source of energy, typically from the energy releasing reactions

When is it reserved

This reaction is reserved in the lungs, where it produces carbon dioxide gas that is exhaled

Endergonic Example

Photosynthesis

Enzyme

Proteins that act as catalysts to chemical reaction

Compare reactants and products

Reactants are the elements or compounds that are put into chemical reactions Products are the elements are compound that are a result of the chemical reaction

Compare reactions that release energy with reactions that absorb energy

Reactions that release energy: Exergonic are catabolic which means they break things down Reactions that absorb energy: Endergonic are anabolic which means they build things up

Catalyst

Substances that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

How do pH and temperature effect enzymes

The enzymes that are produces by human cells are most capable at temperatures close to 37 C or the normal temperature of a human body.

How do enzymes assist the reactions?

They assist by creating a site where the reactants can be brought together to react , this also lowers the activation energy

How do catalysts work

They lower the amount of energy that is needed for chemical reactions to start