EOCT- Physical Science- Atomic Theory Practice MC

An atom of chlorine forms an ionic bond when combined with an atom potassium. However, an atom of chlorine forms a covalent bond with combined with an atom of carbon. Which statement correctly describes an electron of chlorine in these two different bonds? A. Electrons spend more time closer to the chlorine in the ionic bond. B. Electrons spend more time closer to the carbon in the covalent bond. C. Electrons spend equal time around the chlorine and potassium in the ionic bond. D. Electrons spend equal time around the chlorine and carbon in the covalent bond.

A

As a substance changes from a liquid to a solid A. the average kinetic energy decreases. B. the average kinetic energy increases. C. the potential energy decreases. D. the temperature increases.

A

As you move from left to right across the periodic table, characteristics of the elements change as well. Which is the correct sequence, moving from left to right? A. metal - metalloid - nonmetal B. metal - nonmetal - metalloid C. metalloid - metal - nonmetal D. nonmetal - metalloid - metal

A

Compare the elements in the halogen family. Which statement is true regarding a progression from fluorine to iodine? A. The elements progressively change phase from gas to liquid to solid. B. The elements form progressively higher charged ions. C. The elements become progressively less reactive. D. The elements decrease in density.

A

Isotopes of elements are identified by differences in their A. mass number. B. electron count. C. atomic number. D. negative charges.

A

Several students are trying to determine if an aluminum cube will float in water, density 0.999 g / cm3. If the length of each side of the cube is 3.0 cm and the mass is 72.9 grams, what should happen when the cube is placed in water? A. It will sink. B. It will float. C. It will float for a short period of time and then sink. D. It will float with 3/4 of the cube's volume below the water's surface.

A

Sodium becomes positively charged when it combines with chlorine because sodium A. loses one electron. B. gains one electron. C. forms a covalent bond. D. has more electrons than protons.

A

The alkali metals are located in which group of the periodic table? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A

The atomic weight of an element most nearly reflects the atom's total number of A. protons and neutrons. B. protons and Electrons. C. electrons and neutrons. D. protons only.

A

The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is formed by A. a proton. B. an electron. C. a proton and an ion. D. a neutron and an electron.

A

The nucleus of the most common isotope of hydrogen is formed by A. a single proton. B. a single neutron. C. one proton and one electron. D. one neutron and one proton.

A

The smallest particle that maintains the chemical properties of a compound is A. a molecule. B. an isotope. C. a proton. D. an atom.

A

Water has a natural tendency to dissociate, producing a small number of hydroxide ions (OH-) and A. positive hydrogen ions. B. negative hydrogen ions. C. positive oxygen ions. D. negative oxygen ions.

A

What is the name for the time required to change a part of a radioactive element to a stable element? A. half life B. time span C. development period D. effective chemical life

A

Which of the following is a chemical change? A. Water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. B. Water droplets collect on the outside of a glass filled with ice. C. A boiling pot of water produces steam. D. Water is frozen into ice.

A

Which of the following occurs when a rigid container of gas is heated? A. The pressure inside the container increases. B. The pressure inside the container decreases. C. The pressure inside the container stays the same. D. The pressure inside the container changes the composition of the gas.

A

Which of these belongs in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom? A. Electrons B. Protons C. Neutrons D. Photons

A

Which of these statements is true? A. Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. B. Nonmetals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. C. Metalloids do not form compounds readily. D. Gases share electrons and form positive ions.

A

Which of these types of radiation is LEAST dangerous to living cells? A. alpha particles B. beta particles C. theta particles D. gamma waves

A

Which represents an atom of calcium? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A

A chemical change occurs when a substance A. changes state. B. gains or loses electrons. C. reaches its boiling point. D. is ground into a powder.

B

According to Boyle's law, the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature is — A. numerically equivalent. B. inversely proportional. C. positively correlated. D. totally unrelated.

B

An electrically neutral atom of sodium has 11 protons. Based on this information, what else can we say about an atom of sodium? A. Sodium has 11 protons and 11 neutrons. B. Sodium has 11 electrons. C. Sodium has 11 neutrons. D. The atomic mass number is 11.

B

An ice-skating rink has tubes under its floor to freeze the water. Salt water is cooled well below the freezing point of water and pumped through the tubes to freeze the water in the rink. Why can the salt water be cooled so low without freezing? A. Salt has a very low freezing point. B. Adding salt to water lowers its freezing point. C. Movement of the salt water through the tubes keeps it in the liquid state. D. The salt water is constantly absorbing energy from its surroundings.

B

As you move from left to right across a row of elements in the periodic table, what happens to the number of neutrons in a typical atom? A.It stays the same. B.It increases. C. It decreases. D. It decreases until you reach the middle and then it increases.

B

If the volume of a hot air balloon remains constant, what happens as the temperature of the air inside the balloon increases? A. The pressure inside the balloon decreases. B. The pressure inside the balloon increases. C. The kinetic energy of the air inside decreases D. The attractive force between the air particles inside increases.

B

In a restaurant kitchen, lamps are used to keep food warm. Which type of electromagnetic radiation do the lamps emit that is primarily responsible for keeping the food warm? A. gamma B. infrared C. ultraviolet D. visible

B

Order these types of nuclear radiation from LOWEST to HIGHEST energy. A. alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, UV-rays B. alpha particles, beta particles, UV-rays, gamma rays C. gamma rays, UV-rays, alpha particles, beta particles D. UV-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles

B

Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a cool room of 15°C. Which of the following correctly compares perfume molecules at 25°C to those at 15°C? A. At 25°C, they have more mass. B. At 25°C, they are moving faster. C. At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy. D. At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume.

B

The mass of an electron is A. equal to the proton mass plus the neutron mass. B. the smallest of the three major particles. C. the same as the mass of the proton. D. the same as the mass of the atom.

B

The process in which a liquid changes to gas is called A. condensation. B. evaporation. C. freezing. D. precipitation.

B

The process which changes water into a vapor or gas is called A. condensation. B. evaporation. C. precipitation. D. sublimation.

B

Today, some power plants use nuclear fission to convert nuclear energy into electrical energy. Which is a potential risk associated nuclear power plants? A. decreased dependency on oil B. thermal pollution of rivers and streams C. increased carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere D. reduced sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere

B

What do we definitely know about an atom of magnesium, the element following sodium in the periodic table? A. Magnesium is more reactive than sodium. B. Magnesium contains more protons than sodium. C. Sodium has more valence electrons than magnesium. D. Magnesium contains more protons and neutrons than sodium.

B

Which of the following describes a particle that contains 36 electrons, 49 neutrons, and 38 protons? A. an ion with a charge of 2- B. an ion with a charge of 2+ C. an atom with a mass of 38 amu D. an atom with a mass of 49 amu

B

Which of the following gives an atom's mass number? A. number of neutrons B. number of neutrons + number of protons C. number of protons + number of electrons D. number of protons + number of neutrons + number of electrons

B

Which of the following most accurately defines chemical energy? A. energy stored as attraction between protons and electrons B. energy stored in bonds between atoms C. energy stored as accumulations or deficiencies of electrons D. energy stored in the nuclei of more than one atom

B

Why do noble gases almost never form chemical bonds? A. It is difficult for gases to form bonds. B. They have filled outer valence shells. C. They have very small atomic radii. D. They are very rare.

B

A neutral atom of aluminum-27 contains — A. 13 protons and 27 electrons. B. 14 protons and 13 neutrons. C. 13 electrons, 13 protons, and 14 neutrons. D. 13 electrons, 14 protons, and 13 neutrons.

C

An atom containing only a single proton and no electrons is A. an anion. B. a noble gas. C. a form of hydrogen. D. a radioactive metal.

C

As Cyndie mixed two liquids together, she observed the resulting mixture was hotter than either of the two liquids before they were mixed. What had caused this increase in temperature? A. Electricity had been generated. B. A physical change had occurred. C. A chemical reaction had occurred. D. Hydrogen bonds in the water had been broken.

C

Atoms of the same element must — A. contain the same number of neutrons. B. have the same mass number. C. contain the same number of protons. D. have equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

C

Block X and Block Y have the same mass. Both blocks are placed into a container of pure water. Block X floats in the water, and Block Y sinks to the bottom of the container. Which of the following statements is an accurate conclusion from this demonstration? A. Block Y is heavier than Block X. B. Block Y is less dense than Block X. C. Block Y has a smaller volume than Block X. D. Block Y would float if more water were added.

C

By using electrolysis, salt can be separated into sodium metal and chlorine gas, and water can be separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. No further physical or chemical techniques can be used to change any of these components because they are A. ions. B. atoms. C. elements. D. compounds.

C

Different isotopes indicate that an element will have different numbers of A. atoms. B. protons. C. neutrons. D. electrons.

C

Elements from which two groups in the periodic table would most likely combine with each other to form an ionic compound? A. 1 and 2 B. 16 and 17 C. 1 and 17 D. 17 and 18

C

Hydrogen and helium are members of A. group 1. B. group 2. C. period 1. D. period 18.

C

In chemical compounds, covalent bonds form when — A. the electronegativity difference between two atoms is very large. B. electrons are completely transferred between two metals. C. pairs of electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms. D. two nonmetal ions are attracted to each other by opposite charges.

C

Isotopes of an element have A. a different number of protons and neutrons. B. the same number of protons and neutrons, but no electrons. C. the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. D. the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.

C

Mixing an acidic solution with marble chips causes bubbles of carbon dioxide gas to form. Which of the following accurately describes this change? A. phase change B. physical change C. chemical change D. radioactive change

C

Of the particles listed, which is the smallest unit of water that has all of the properties of water? A. proton B. atom C. molecule D. mixture

C

One property of an electron is A. a net charge of 0. B. a charge of +1. C. a charge of -1. D. an atomic mass of -1.

C

Oxygen and hydrogen form water in a A. homogeneous mixture. B. hydrophobic reaction. C. chemical reaction. D. spontaneous condensation.

C

The chemical activity of an atom depends mostly on its A. protons only. B. neutrons only. C. electrons. D. protons and neutrons.

C

The formation of water droplets on the inside of a window pane during a cold night is an example of A. dehydration. B. sublimation. C. condensation. D. fermentation.

C

The half-life of bismuth is 5 days. How much of a 100 gram sample will remain after 20 days? A. 50 grams B. 12.5 grams C. 6.25 grams D. 0 grams

C

The total number of electrons that can be held in the second energy level of an atom is A. 2. B. 6. C. 8. D. 10.

C

What chemical change takes place when an iron nail rusts? A. Iron atoms and salt molecules bond. B. Iron atoms and water Molecules bond. C. Iron atoms and oxygen molecules bond. D. Water erodes oxide ions from the surface.

C

When referring to the element phosphorus on the periodic table, the number 15 is the A. energy level. B. atomic weight. C. atomic number. D. number of atoms.

C

Which atomic particles are charged? A. only electrons B. electrons and neutrons C. electrons and protons D. electrons, neutrons, and protons

C

Which of the following are transferred or shared when two atoms react chemically? A. protons B. neutrons C. electrons D. photons

C

Which of the following characterizes a radioactive element? A. an unfilled inner electron shell B. the ability to gain 4 electrons in the outer shell C. the loss of alpha or beta particles from the nucleus D. an equal number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus

C

Which of the following do protons and electrons have in common? A. their location in an atom B. the sign of their charge C. the size of their charge D. their mass

C

Which of the following is the same for both hydrogen and potassium? A. atomic mass B. total mass of neutrons C. number of valence electrons D. number of filled energy levels

C

Which of the following properties decreases from left to right across a period? A. Atomic number B. Electronegativity C. Atomic radius D. Ionization energy

C

Which of these elements has an atomic number of 14? A. N B. Al C. Si D. P

C

Which of these elements would you expect to be solid at room temperature? A. N B. O C. Ca D. Rn

C

Which subatomic particles are negatively charged? A. protons only B. neutrons only C. electrons only D. both neutrons and electrons

C

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 2.0 years. The fraction of a pure sample of the isotope that will have decayed in 6.0 years is A. 1/8. B. 1/3. C. 3/4. D. 7/8.

D

A star gives off heat and light from the nuclear fusion reaction that takes place inside. What change happens during the nuclear reaction? A. Nitrogen is changed to hydrogen. B. Helium is changed to hydrogen. C. Hydrogen is changed to nitrogen. D. Hydrogen is changed to helium.

D

Atoms of N and P each have 5 electrons in their outer shells. What else must these two elements have in common? A. They must be in the same period. B. They must have the same atomic mass. C. They must have the same total number of electron shells. D. They must be found in the same group in the periodic table.

D

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called A. acids. B. bases. C. gases. D. isotopes.

D

Carolyn was walking on the sidewalk in front of a store and had to step over a melting ice cream cone. What type of change was the ice cream undergoing? A. chemical B. molecular C. organic D. phase

D

In 1897, the British physicist J.J. Thomson was researching electrical conduction in gases. He discovered that cathode rays consisted of negatively charged particles. Thomson is generally regarded as the discoverer of the A. quark. B. atomic nucleus. C. proton. D. electron.

D

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of A. valence electrons. B. electrons in the nucleus. C. protons in the nucleus. D. neutrons in the nucleus.

D

Locate the following four elements in the periodic table.Fe, Hg, Sn, Xe Which element has the most valence electrons? A. Fe B. Hg C. Sn D. Xe

D

The Mg2+, a magnesium ion, has how many electrons? A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

D

The atomic mass number of an element equals the A. number of protons or electrons. B. sum of the protons plus electrons. C. number of protons or electrons. D. sum of the protons plus neutrons.

D

The noble gases are unlikely to react with other elements because the outer electron shell of most noble gases A. has two electrons. B. has four electrons. C. is incomplete. D. is full.

D

Three atoms combine to form a single unit of a larger substance. This is a A. nucleus. B. mixture. C. solution. D. molecule.

D

Water molecules have the greatest kinetic energy in — A. ice at 0° C B. water at 373° K. C. water at 98° C D. steam at 150° C

D

What is the main problem in developing nuclear fusion as an efficient source of energy? A. The fuel needed is too expensive at this time. B. Dangerous gamma and neutron rays are given off. C. The energy produced is equal to the energy needed to create the reaction. D. Extremely high temperatures and pressures are needed, requiring a container of great strength.

D

What subatomic particle is located in the nucleus of an atom? A. both electrons and isotopes B. both neutrons and positrons C. both neutrons and electrons D. both protons and neutrons

D

What type of change does gaseous oxygen undergo when it is liquified? A. chemical B. ionization C. ozonation D. physical

D

Which is a property of an electron? A. It has the same mass as a proton. B. It is found in the nucleus of an atom. C. It has the same charge as a proton. D. It has much less mass than a neutron.

D

Which of the following accurately compares melting and sublimation? A. Only one is a physical change. B. Only one involves a loss of mass. C. Both are chemical changes. D. Both are phase changes of a solid.

D

Which of the following is a physical change? A. combustion B. electrolysis C. fermentation D. sublimation

D

Which of the following provides evidence that an egg white undergoes a chemical change when it is heated? A. Its mass decreases. B. It is in a liquid state. C. Its temperature rises steadily. D. Its color permanently changes.

D

Which of these statements is true about sodium (Na)? A. Sodium is an inert gas and does not combine readily with other elements. B. Sodium is a reactive nonmetal and combines readily with other nonmetals. C. Sodium is less reactive than magnesium (mG0 when combining with nonmetals like oxygen (O). D. Sodium is less reactive than potassium (K) when combining with nonmetals like oxygen (O).

D

Which statement best describes the elements in the Noble gas family? A. Noble gases are highly flammable. B. Noble gases combine readily with reactive metals. C. Noble gases react with oxygen to form gaseous molecules in the ozone. D. Noble gases are nonreactive and have a valence number of "0".

D