ES 350 test review 2/quiz questions

A study that has one independent variable with three levels and three dependent variables should be analyzed by

discriminant analysis

To calculate L for a correlation of two sets of ranked scores, the degrees of freedom ( N − 1) are multiplied by

r squared

Which option is a common test statistic?

t, f, r

Data such as sex, city of residence, or political party affiliation are what kind of measure?

Nominal

What is the mode for the following set of numbers? (5, 10, 4, 1, 4, 5, 12, 8, 9, 4)

4

f the null hypothesis is false, one may assume the research hypothesis is the explanation for the results if

all other possible explanations have been controlled

A statistical technique that tests for significant differences between observed and expected frequencies of occurrence is

Chi square

Of the following, which is a nonparametric statistical test?

Contingency coefficient

The property of a distribution of scores that relates to how peaked or flat the curve is called

Kurtosis

An important probability concept is relative frequency. Relative frequency is

the idea that a normal coin may land on heads 40 times out of 100

What is the correct df (degrees of freedom) for a correlation between socioeconomic status and physical activity?

1

A chi-square analysis compares the responses to a question on recreational preferences of males and females at three grade levels. The resulting two-way classification structure is called a

Contingency Table

Which one of the following statements does not describe an advantage of repeated measures?

Repeated measures can eliminate the influence of some unwanted variable.

In which of the following circumstances would you be likely to set alpha = .01 instead of alpha = .05?

if you were testing a drug that had the potential to save lives but also had serious side effects

Chi square is appropriate for which one of the following types of data?

observed frequencies

Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA such that discriminant analysis has

one independent variable and two or more dependent variables

If a researcher finds a small difference in average test scores between a large sample (over 700) of experimental participants and a large sample (same size) of control participants, it is very likely that the difference is

statistically significant but does not have a high degree of meaningfulness

The term that describes the position (right or left; positive or negative) of the hump in the curve of a distribution is

Skewness

A researcher wishes to know whether there is a significant difference in the number of knee injuries reported among four sports. How many degrees of freedom are there for this chi-square analysis?

3

The researcher obtained a significant F from the ANOVA. Partial 2 was found to be .30. This is interpreted to mean that

30% of the total variance is accounted for by the treatments

What is the median score for the following set of numbers? (3, 11, 8, 13, 5, 3, 6)

6

All statistical tests are based upon the same general comparison, which is

Between true variance and error variance

Why is standard deviation important in terms of considering the sample?

If standard deviation is small, then the mean is likely to be a good representative score for the sample.

A statistical test that provides information about the relationship between two continuous variables is

Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation

Which hypothesis is stated in the null form?

There is no difference between the vocabulary scores of average- and high-ability students.

Variables that show a relationship with one another may be statistically correlated. Referring to figure 6.1 in the text, what might you expect in terms of the correlation?

a positive linear relationship

A null hypothesis is

a statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is no difference among the effects of treatments

A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores with

an independent samples t test

When the purpose of the research is to determine the effects of one independent variable (e.g., four groups) on one dependent variable (e.g., self-concept), the best choice of a statistical analysis is

analysis of variance

Which of the following is an example of snowball sampling?

asking college athletes to recruit their teammates

The significance of L determined when testing for differences between groups for ranked data is determined using the _____ table.

critical value of chi square

A measure that expresses the difference between the experimental and control group in standard deviation units is the

effect size

A researcher decides to use an alpha of .01 and a power of .80. To determine the needed sample size the researcher must also ascertain the expected

effect size

What two things can statistics do?

establish significance and assess the meaningfulness of the effect (practical meaning)

What determines if the findings from a sample can be generalized to a population?

the sampling technique that was used

When an experimenter states that the level of significance is at the .05 level, he or she is setting the probability of committing which type of error?

type 1 error

If the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there really is a difference, this is an example of a

type II error