ESS 102 Midterm 1
What is emission?
When an electron drops an energy level and emits a photon (light). Hot body against cold background Bunsen's lines
What is the greenhouse effect?
When heat is absorbed by the atmosphere and reradiated
What is Stephan-Boltzman's Law
proportion of energy production to T^4
What is Wien's Law
proportion of maximum wavelength to 1 / T
What is the composition of the Sun?
Hydrongen, Helium, Carbon, Iron and Oxygen.
What is the Relationship between intensity and distance?
I = 1 / r^2
How do photons move?
In waves
What is radiative transfer?
Loss of energy light in the atmosphere
What are photons?
Particles of light
What is the size of the Sun?
Radius = 70,000 km
What is the mass of the Sun?
1.989 × 10^30 kg
What is the density of the Sun?
1410 kg/m3
What is the speed of light?
3 x 10^8
How much energy is produced by the Sun?
3.86 x 10^26 Joules / s
What is the sigma constant?
5.67 x 10^-3
What is the temperature of the Sun (K)?
6,000 K
What is the h constant?
6.602 x 10^-34 Js
What is an ion?
An atom with a net electric charge
What is plasma?
An ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons
What causes the Ozone hole
Chemical reactions
What is absorption
Cold object against a hot background Fraunhoffer Lines
What are the different types of spectra?
Continuous, absorption, and emission
Velocity
Distance / Time
What is an AU? Distance?
Distance between Earth and Sun. 149,598,000 km
What are the molecular energy states?
Electrical, vibrational, and rotational
What is a blackbody?
Emits light and wavelength and is completely dependent of temperature of object. (Sun, people, solid planets)
What is the Bohr model?
Energy states are quantized or discrete Most of the atom is empty space other than a dense positively charged nucleus.
What is discrete spectra?
The emission and absorption lines for an element
What is binding energy?
The energy that holds a nucleus together, equal to the mass defect of the nucleus.
Frequency (f)
Units: Hz (s ^ -1) f = c / lambda ;
Energy (E)
Units: J (kg m^2 / s^2) E = mc^2 ; E = 1/2 mv^2 ; E = hf ; E = hc / lambda
Temperature (T)
Units: K P = T^4
Power (P)
Units: Watts (Joules / s) P = E / t ; P = T^4
Intensity (I)
Units: Watts / m^2 I = P / A ; I = 1 / r^2 ; I = sigmaT^4
Wavelength (lambda)
Units: m, nm lambda = c / f ; lambdamax = 0.29cmK / Tk
What is light?
Visible light is what we see, light is waves and particles, light is energy
