ESS 102 Midterm 1

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What is emission?

When an electron drops an energy level and emits a photon (light). Hot body against cold background Bunsen's lines

What is the greenhouse effect?

When heat is absorbed by the atmosphere and reradiated

What is Stephan-Boltzman's Law

proportion of energy production to T^4

What is Wien's Law

proportion of maximum wavelength to 1 / T

What is the composition of the Sun?

Hydrongen, Helium, Carbon, Iron and Oxygen.

What is the Relationship between intensity and distance?

I = 1 / r^2

How do photons move?

In waves

What is radiative transfer?

Loss of energy light in the atmosphere

What are photons?

Particles of light

What is the size of the Sun?

Radius = 70,000 km

What is the mass of the Sun?

1.989 × 10^30 kg

What is the density of the Sun?

1410 kg/m3

What is the speed of light?

3 x 10^8

How much energy is produced by the Sun?

3.86 x 10^26 Joules / s

What is the sigma constant?

5.67 x 10^-3

What is the temperature of the Sun (K)?

6,000 K

What is the h constant?

6.602 x 10^-34 Js

What is an ion?

An atom with a net electric charge

What is plasma?

An ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons

What causes the Ozone hole

Chemical reactions

What is absorption

Cold object against a hot background Fraunhoffer Lines

What are the different types of spectra?

Continuous, absorption, and emission

Velocity

Distance / Time

What is an AU? Distance?

Distance between Earth and Sun. 149,598,000 km

What are the molecular energy states?

Electrical, vibrational, and rotational

What is a blackbody?

Emits light and wavelength and is completely dependent of temperature of object. (Sun, people, solid planets)

What is the Bohr model?

Energy states are quantized or discrete Most of the atom is empty space other than a dense positively charged nucleus.

What is discrete spectra?

The emission and absorption lines for an element

What is binding energy?

The energy that holds a nucleus together, equal to the mass defect of the nucleus.

Frequency (f)

Units: Hz (s ^ -1) f = c / lambda ;

Energy (E)

Units: J (kg m^2 / s^2) E = mc^2 ; E = 1/2 mv^2 ; E = hf ; E = hc / lambda

Temperature (T)

Units: K P = T^4

Power (P)

Units: Watts (Joules / s) P = E / t ; P = T^4

Intensity (I)

Units: Watts / m^2 I = P / A ; I = 1 / r^2 ; I = sigmaT^4

Wavelength (lambda)

Units: m, nm lambda = c / f ; lambdamax = 0.29cmK / Tk

What is light?

Visible light is what we see, light is waves and particles, light is energy


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