Ethobotony Practice Exam
Archaeological Studies indicate that rice cultivation occurred in China approximately _____ years ago A) 5,000 B) 200,000 C) 100,000 D) 11,500 E) 2,000
11,500
It is estimated that approximately _____% if the irrigated farmlands in the U.S. have developed saline soils
25
An extract of which of the following in used in treating burns? A) Panax B) Papaver C) Cinchona D) Digitalis E) Aloe
Aloe
Which of the following is NOT a part of the carpel? A) style B) anther C) stigma D) ovary E) ovule
Anther
Which of the following is an example of a foraging society? A) All of the above B) Fertile Crescent C) Arctic Eskimos D) Fertile Crescent and Nile Valley have foraging societies E) Nile Valley
Arctic Ekimos
The transfer and concentration of a toxic material along a food chain is known as ______.
Biological magnification
Which of the following line(s) of evidence supports the idea the New Guinea was one of the primary centers of agriculture? A) Higher percentage of banana phytoliths B) Both presence of microfossils of taro AND higher percentage of banana phytoliths C) Presence of microfossils of taro D) All of the above E) Archeological remains of agricultural tools.
Both Presence of microfossils of taro AND higher percentage of banana phytoliths
Which division contains acid-loving plants that can convert a wetland into a bog?
Bryophyta
Which of the following is the correct RNA sequence for the DNA sequence GCCATAAGT?
CGGUAUUCA
Which of these is NOT a part of cell theory A) Cells are the basic unit of life B) All Living Organisms are made of cells C) Cells and organelles can now be viewed using a scanning electron microscope D) All Cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells and organelles can now be viewed using a scanning electron microscope
Extracts from periwinkle are now considered standard for treating: A) Heart Disease B) Certain Forms of Leukemia C) Diabetes D) Certain forms of Insanity
Certain forms of Leukemia
Extracts from periwinkle are now considered standard for treating
Certain forms of Leukimia
A South American tree known to contain quinine in its bark is: A) Pinus B) Lophophora C) Quercus D) Cinchona E) Ephedra
Cinchona
Developed independently by several cultures, the Doctrine of Signatures is a belief that: A) clues found in the shape or structure of plants can be deciphered to reveal their medicinal values B) agriculture was a gift from the gods C) complementing foods from plants will provide a wholly nutritious meal D) the areas where wild relatives of cultivated species abound are the most likely sites of original domestication
Clues found in the shape or structure of plants can be deciphered to reveal their medicinal values
The archaeological site at Tehuacan Valley in Mexico is important because it helped scientists to date the domestication of ________ A) Rice B) Corn C) Wheat D) Foxtail Millet E) None of the above
Corn
A peanut is a legume, and the two halves of a peanut are examples of seed leaves or: A) Root nodules B) Seed Coat C) Pods D) Photosynthesizing organ E) Cotyledons
Cotyledons
Which division contains plants that produce neurological toxins, such as BMAA
Cycadophyta
Which of the following drugs is used to treat nasal and bronchial congestion
Ephedrine
Which of the following drugs is used to treat nasal and bronchial congestion? A) Digitalis B) Atropine C) Quinine D) Ephedrine E) Reserpine
Ephedrine
Diffusion is the process that allows for constant exchange of materials between cells and their environment with the aid of water
False
Early Foragers naturally gathered and subsequently selected seeds from shattering seed heads.
False
Homologous chromosomes are produced when an offspring receives two identical alleles for a specific character from each of its parents.
False
In semiconservative replication of DNA, each new molecule of DNA contains only the purine bases, adenine and guanine.
False
Large showy flowers are usually wind-pollinated, whereas small inconspicuous flowers usually attract animal pollinators.
False
Mendel chose pea plants for his genetic experiments because they only have heterozygous traits and they never self-pollinate.
False
Prescription drugs are created in the lab, and plant products are never used in prescription drugs
False
Somatic mutations occur only in gametes and are passed on to offspring via pollen grains.
False
The Swiss-Water decaffeination process removes caffeine from coffee by using carbon dioxide that penetrates the bean and dissolves the caffeine
False
The ensheathing husk of modern corn is an example of a trait that was naturally selected.
False
The middle lamella refers to a hole for substances to travel between two cells
False
The physiological effects of caffeine include a reduced heartbeat, decreased blood pressure, and dilated blood vessels. Recent studies also indicate that coffee drinkers DO NOT have a lower incidence of Parkinson's Disease.
False
The term Paleolithic refers to cultures, such as Neanderthal man, that existed during the Ice Age
False
The triploid endosperm is produced by the fusion of the tube nucleus and the egg cell.
False
Vegans are people who live in areas of calcium-poor soils and thereby develop osteoporosis
False
Vitamins and minerals and are required in large amounts by humans and are therefore called macronutrients
False
Which nutrient supplies the greatest amount of energy per gram of nutrient
Fat
Extracts from the bark of willow tree were used by Native Americans: A) For relieving pain B) As a poison C) as a hallucinogen D) as an intoxicant
For relieving pain
William Withering is noted for his work with which of the following plants? A) Peyote B) Belladonna C) Ginseng D) Foxglove E) Cinchona
Foxglove
Grating and other methods of processing cassava are necessary to remove the toxin _____. A) Strychnine B) Curare C) HCN (Cyanide) D) Rotenone
HCN (Cyanide)
Please watch this video and respond to the question
Increasing food security..., distributing food..., empowering and educating women..., increasing crop yield, governments creating social safety nets...
Which stage (or phrase) of mitosis lasts the longest?
Interphase, the stage that is the non-dividing phase
which plant has been nicknamed the botanical whale because of the usefulness of its seed oil?
Jojoba
Pollen, seeds, and fiber are the most common materials recovered from archaeological sites because: A) lipids fossilize more readily B) they are stored in airtight jars AND lipids fossilize more readily C) lignin is not degraded by most microorganisms D) they are stored in airtight jars E) all of the above
Lignin is not degraded by most microorganisms
Location of a gene on a specific chromosome is called its ________. A) only a and b B) allele C) locus D) homologue E) none of the above
Locus
Which one of these legumes was used as a forage crop for livestock for well over 2500 years? A) Lucerne, alfalfa, or Medicago stavia B) Bird's-foot trefoil C) Glycine max D) Leucaena
Lucerne, alfalfa, or Medicago stavia
The source of tapioca pearls is the moist flour obtained from the _____ root. A) Colocasia B) Ipomea C) Solanum D) Dioscorea E) Manihot
Manihot
Reserpine has been used to treat: A) Mental Illness B) Heart Disease C) Malaria D) Burns E) Arthritis
Mental Illness
Who is referred to as the father of the Green Revolution
Norman Bourlaug
Taxol is a new cancer-fighting drug obtained from the bark of the:
Pacific Yew
Taxol is the new cancer-fighting drug obtained from the bark of the: A) Pacific Yew B) White Willow C) Southwestern Pine D) Black Willow E) Cinchona Tree
Pacific Yew
The white potato is native to: A) Ireland B) Spain C) Peru D) Idaho E) Brazil
Peru
Potatoes are native to ______, whereas coffee is native to ______ A) North America, Greece B) West Africa, Indonesia C) Peru, Ethiopia D) Ireland, Columbia E) South Africa, Argentina
Peru, Ethiopia
Ribosomes are made of RNA and Proteins. In a cell, ribosomes are the site of
Protein Synthesis
Chromoplasts are pigment storing plastids responsible for A) red in a tomato B) Orange in a carrot C) yellow in egg yolks D) the scent of roses E) red in a rose petal
Red in a tomato, orange in a carrot, red in a rose petal
Which of the following medicinal drugs was used in India long before its discovery by Western Medicine? A) Quinine B) Morphine C) Digitalis D) Codeine E) Reserpine
Reserpine
Which of the following is not considered to be a secondary metabolite or secondary product? A) All are secondary products B) glycosides C) Starch D)alkaloids E) essential oils
Starch
Which of the following would a breeder use to determine if a new strain will breed homozygous for a certain trait?
Testcross
The earliest documented sites of agricultural practices are locate in A) the Andes Mountains B) the Fertile Crescent C) Mesoamerica D) the Polynesian Islands E) the Yangtze Valley
The Fertile Crescent
All Plant cells have a primary cell wall, and it is made of the polysaccharide called cellulose
True
Cereal, such as wheat, oats, and corn are the edible grains of grasses
True
Coprolites are fossilized fecal materials that are studied to determine prehistoric diets.
True
Excess glucose beyond a day's worth of energy is generally converted to fat
True
Ginkgo biloba is the only remaining species of its genus and is used as a remedy for short-term memory loss.
True
Glycogen is the chief storage molecule utilized by animals, fungi, and bacteria.
True
In the case of incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the dominant and the recessive allele
True
In transcription, introns are not specifically involved in polypeptide coding, whereas exons are spliced together to form the final mRNA molecule.
True
Many species of algae are used as important and nutritious food for people used throughout the world.
True
Nikolai Vavilov's contribution to botany was his theory that crops originated in places that have the greatest diversity of that crop.
True
Pellagra affects the central nervous system and is common in areas where corn is the dietary staple.
True
Proponents of the Agricultural Revolution Theory contend that agriculture was the discovery of a brilliant prehistoric sage.
True
Researchers hope that "golden rice" will help to reduce vitamin A deficiency and reduce blindness in developing nations
True
Sphenophyta, Lycophtya, Pterophyta, and Psilophyta are similar in that they are all spore-producing vascular plants
True
Spikes, umbels, racemes, and catkins are all types of inflorescences.
True
Telomeres are caps on the end of chromosomes that protect the cell's chromosomes during cell division, and they shorten with age. A study in 2009 showed that women who took multivitamin supplements had longer telomeres
True
The ezymes contained in the aleurone layer break down the stored food in the seed during the germination process
True
The most efficient way to propagate tulips is by dividing the bulb, since it takes 7 years for a seed-produced bulb to flower.
True
The study of pollen is called palynology.
True
To be considered a high-quality protein, a complete protein must be fully digestible and contain all of the essential amino acids in the right proportion
True
Secondary compounds are known to not be required for the plant's metabolic functions, but to deter predators of plants ... which of these plants has secondary compounds? A) Vanilla B) Marijuana C) Tea D) Parsley E) Coffee F) Clove G Cinnamon
Vanilla, Marijuana, Tea, Parsley, Coffee, Clove, Cinnamon (ALL OF THE ANSWERS)
Night-flying pollinators such as moths and bats are attracted to ______ flowers. A) purple B) red C) blue D) white or light-colored E) green or yellow
White or light-colored
Although aspirin is a synthetic drug, it has its plant origins in: A) foxglove B) peyote C) Willow D) Milkweed E) Belladonna
Willow
Eggs and Sperm are types of ________. A) homologous chromosomes B) zygotes C) gametes D) Haploid cells E) a and b are correct
a and b are correct
What is the causative agent of Malaria? A) Polluted Air B) A Virus C) Female Mosquitoes D) Allergies E A protozoan
a protozoan
What is the causative agent of malaria
a protozoan
Which of the following in NOT a fundamental property of life? A) Growth and reproduction B) Structural organization C) Ability to respond D) Metabolism E) Ability to migrate
ability to migrate
Peanuts are a versatile food and have a strange developmental process. What is the strange developmental adaptation? A) after the flower is pollinated aboveground, fruits develop underground B) flowers are only available for pollination for 1 day C) seeds are dry, indehiscent D) only pigs can find the seeds once they are buried.
after the flower is pollinated aboveground, fruits develop underground
George Washington Carver, a son of a slave, was a university professor that A) developed 300 food and industrial uses of peanuts B) all choices are correct C) developed a number of crops (soybean, peanut, sweet potato) to diversify the South D) discoveries improved agriculture in the South E) sought to revitalize the exhausted soil of the South by planting legumes
all choices are correct
In a typical grazing food chain, _____ are eaten by _______
all choices are correct
Soybeans have been in cultivation by humans for 3000 years. These beans interact with humans by: A) being a source of a tasty sauce known as soy sauce, which is a fermented product B) acting as a weak version of human estrogen due to soy foods having isoflavones, or phytoestrogens C) all choices are correct D) being used in every-day dairy products because soy beans make up tofu that is used in these products E) lowering cholesterol levels (LDL or "Bad cholesterol")
all choices are correct
The impact of Rhizobium bacteria is rather large. Which of these benefits do humans and nature get of Rhizobium bacteria-legume? A) ability to grow legumes in poor soil B) replenishing nitrogen depleted soil C) plowing under legumes to make "green manure" D) reclaiming eroded or barren areas E) all choices are correct
all choices are correct
Which of the following is an example of an ecological credit as described in the Kyoto Protocol
all choices are correct
Caffeine is found in which of the following? A) coffee seeds B) kola seeds C) tea leaves and coffee seeds are correct D) tea leaves E) all of the above
all of the above
Essential amino acids A) all of the above B) a and c are correct C) are used to construct structural and metabolic proteins D)cannot be stored in the body E)cannot be made by the body
all of the above
Quinoa is possible new food crop for which of the following reasons? A) all of the above B) Both leaves and fruits are edible C) High amount of calcium and phosphorous in the "grains" D) seeds are loaded with a high-quality protein E) "Grains" have a delicate taste that is comparable to wild rice
all of the above
The deletion of a single base from a DNA sequence: A) results in a meaningless mRNA message B) causes a shift in all of the condons downstream from the deletion C) none of the above D) ma cause inherited diseases E) all of the above
all of the above
What are the gene banks A) a place where the seeds are carefully preserved for viability B) one way some nations and organizations try to offset genetic erosion C) all of the above D) both a place where the seeds are carefully preserved for viability AND one way some nations and organizations try to offset genetic erosion E) a facility where the seeds of both domesticated and their wild relatives are collected and housed
all of the above
An extract of which of the following is used in treating burns?
aloe
In nature, cacao seed dispersal is dependent on _____.
animals
Which of these starchy staples is not a modified stem? A) Yam B) Jerusalem Artichoke C) White potato D) Banana
banana
Which grain is used in the production of malt for brewing beer?
barley
During alternation of generations, fertilization gives rise to the _____ generation, and meiosis gives rise to the _______ generation. A) sporophyte, gametophyte B) isogamous, anisogamous C)both a and b are correct D) diploid, haploid
both a and b are correct
__ are underground stems with food storing leaves. Onions and garlic are examples. A) Bulbs B) Rhizomes C) Corms D) Tubers
bulbs
______ is espresso coffee with steamed milk, whereas _______ is espresso coffee with chocolate syrup.
caffe latte, caffe mocha
Cyanogenic glycosides can be found in the uncooked parts of: A) radishes B) yams C) taro D) cassava E) soybeans
cassava
Early Native Americans played public games with rubber balls made of latex extracted primarily from the _____ tree
castilla elastica
The recently uncovered scandal surrounding cocoa plantations in West Africa involves
child slave labo
A south american tree known to contain quinine in its bark is:
cinchona
Plants derived via asexual reproduction from a single parent are: A) Tetraploid B) Sexually Sterile C) Clones D) Different from the Parents E) Mutants
clones
Developed independently by several cultures the doctrine of signatures is a belief that:
clues found in the shape ....
In which timber harvesting method are trunks cut at ground level and the stumps allowed to sprout multiple stems?
coppice method
Bitter varieties of cassava contain large quantities of _______ that must be removed during processing. A) cyanide compounds B) Tannins C) Kolanin D) Cocaine
cyanide compounds
Seeds and pits of many members of the rose family contain which type of glycoside?
cyanogenic
Seeds and pits of many members of the rose family contain which type of glycoside? A) Cardioactive B) Saponin C) Cyanogenic D) Purgative
cyanogenic
In which biome would you find xerophytic plants
desert
The invention of the cotton gin
expanded the cotton belt in the south
What are all the ways that plants touch our lives? A) Fabric B) Rope C) No Answer Text Provided D) Ceramic Pottery E) Spices and Medicine F) Shelter and Building Materials G)Food H) Food I) Spices J) Beverages K) Computers L) Oxygen
fabric, rope, spices and medicine, shelter and building materials, food, fuel, spices, beverages, oxygen
Most ecological pyramids generally have a higher number of organisms at the top of the pyramid than at the base of the pyramid
false
Most quality violins are constructed of pine and oak woods that have varying thickness along their plates
false
The Green Revolution refers to the use of green manure as a source of fertilizer in developing nations in response to the Clean Water Act
false
The seeds from the cacao tree are used to produce chocolate, coca-cola, and cocaine
false
Researchers believe that the oldest plant fiber used by man may be _____.
flax
The terms actinomorphic and zygomorphic refer to: A) tulip propagation B) flowers symmetry C) chromosome arrangement D) presence or absence of perianth E) asexual reproduction
flower symmetry
Extracts from the bark of the willow tree were used by Native Americans
for relieving pain
Crops such as legumes and grasses that are used to feed livestock are called
forage
William Withering is noted for his work with which of the following plants?
foxglove
Penicillin is derived from which of the following groups? A) Gymnosperms B) Angiosperms C) Fungi D) Algae E) Mosses
fungi
The loss of over 20,000 native varieties of rice in India is an example of
genetic erosion
Which type of fiber is obtained from the veins and vascular bundles of leaves
hard fibers
______ refers to angiosperm trees and ________ refers to gymnosperm trees or conifers
hardwood, softwood
Angiosperm species, such as maple, birch, and oak, are called ______.
hardwoods
Aside from Camellia, tea is also made from the leaves of _____ trees
holly
Endemic or simple goiter is caused by a deficiency in ______.
iodine
Resin
is called amber once it is fossilized, discourages the activities of herbivores and decay-causing fungi, is produced in ducts throughout conifer trees
Native to Mexico, South and Central Americas, this crop has also been cultivated in Asia for a few hundred years. It's flesh is delicious, but its seeds, pods, seeds and stem are poisonous insecticide. Which bean plant is it? A) Soybeans B) Sweet peas C) Jicama D) Peanuts E) Alfalfa
jicama
Which grass has a fine texture and beautiful color and commonly grows in the northern US?
kentucky bluegrass
The disease which decimated the potato crop in Ireland and led to the great Irish famine of 1845 and 1846 was: A) rust B) plague C) drought D) late blight E) leaf blight
late blight
The Nucleolus is in charge of
making protein synthesizing ribosomes
The condition in which an individual is deficient in one or more essential nutrients is called _____.
malnutrition
Reserpine has been used o treat:
mental illness
The first land plants to have evolved were
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Which of the following is NOT a use a of bamboo? A) furniture B) paper C) panda food D) bridges E) none of the above
none of the above
Which organisms were once classified as plants in the old two-kingdom system? A) only a and c are correct B) fungi C) aquatic invertebrates D) all of the above E) algae
only a and c are correct
Microsporangia in the Division Coniferophyta produce A) pollen grains B) seeds cones C) only a, b, c D) the male gametophyte E)microspores
only a, b, and c
Transgenic plants
only contain foreign genes in their cells AND are used to produce human antibodies
Molecular farming is the growing and harvesting of genetically engineered crops that produce ____.
pharmaceuticals
One of the earliest writing surfaces, papyrus, was made from ______.
plant pith
The trout lily is one ______ of understory plants in an oak-hickory forest _______ in southern New England
population, community
The major disadvantage of cassava as a dietary staple is that it is very low in _____. A) Sugar B) carbohydrates C) Fat D) Protein
protein
Which of these important organic molecules is made up of amino acids? A)Monosaccharides B) DNA C) RNA D) Proteins E) Lipids
proteins
Which of the following medicinal drugs was used in India long before its discovery by Western medicine?
resperine
______ allow grasses to propagate vegetatively
rhizomes and stolons
The sweet potato is actually a: A) tuber B) root C) rhizome D) stolon E) corm
root
All legumes have a special relationship with a species of bacteria in the Rhizobium genus. In this symbiotic relationship the legume plant gets access to a form of nitrogen that it can use as a fertilizer, and the Rhizobium gets a home on the plant. Where do the Rhizobium bacteria live? A) Cotyledons B) Pods C) Root nodules D) Photosynthesizing organ E) Seed Coat
root nodules
The plant-derived oils such as coconut and palm oil are rich in ____
saturated fatty acids
The fibers used to make cotton cloth are derived from fibers in the plant's _____
seed coat
Grass flowers are incomplete because _______ are either lacking or greatly reduced
sepals and petals
In the Division Pterophyta, the _____ is the dominant stage
sporophyte
Flowers are described as perfect when...?
stamens, carpels are present irrespective of the presence or absence of sepals and petals
Which of the following is not considered to be a secondary metabolite or secondary product
starch
Potatoes are swollen underground tubers that botanically are modified: A) Bulbs B) Stems C) Leaves D) Fruits E) Roots
stems
Which type of lipid is cholesterol
steroid
Which is a corm that is steamed, crushed, and fermented to make poi? A) Yam B) Cassava C) Sweet potato D) Taro
taro
Which starchy staple is used to prepare poi, the native dish of Hawaii? A) sweet potato B) yam C) taro D) cassava E) white potato
taro
Which of the following is an example of grassland biomes
the Savana
One feature that is common in all land plants is
the all retain the fertilized embryo
In mosses, the rich carpet of leafy green growth belongs to ________.
the gametophyte generation
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the boreal forest?
there is a permanently frozen layer of soil under the topsoil
Aquifers in the Midwest are currently in trouble because
they are being depleted faster than they are being replaced
Which of the following is NOT a use of sphagnum moss?
thickening agent in food preparation
A plant family high in alkaloids is the
tomato
A plant family high in alkaloids is the: A) Sunflower B) Mulberry C) None of the above D) Tomato E) Grass
tomato
A tropical rain forest is characterized by broadleaf evergreen trees, and abundance of lianas and epiphytes, and a very high rate of decay
tru
Tannins in tea are believed to discourage herbivores from eating the leaves and are responsible for staining teeth and teapots.
tru
DDT, PCBs, and mercury are all examples of toxic substances taht may be transferred and concentrated along a food chain
true
Hemp was one of the earliest plants used to make paper and was even used in the first draft of the U.S. Constitution.
true
Levi Strauss's original cloth for his line of working clothes was a hemp cloth called "serge de Nimes"
true
One of the earliest results of the Green Revolution was the establishment of research stations in Central America
true
Recently produced high-yielding varieties of wheat have stiffer stems that allow them to withstand heavy doses of fertilizer
true
The beneficial compounds found in chocolate include antioxidants, vitamin E, and stearic acid.
true
The plant Arundo donax has been used to make pan flutes and the mouthpiece reeds for many woodwind instruments
true
A thin sheet of high-quality wood glued to less expensive wood that is commonly used in furniture
veneer
The principal crop behind the Green Revolution was ______.
wheat
Although aspirin is a sythentic drug, it has its plant origins in:
willow
Rayon is an artificial cellulose fiber created from _______.
wood fiber
Which starchy staple is a source of diosgenin, shown to affect fertility in women? A) Yam B) Sweet Potato C) White Potato D) Manioc E) Banana
yam