Everyman Test

Seven Sacraments:

1. Baptism 2. Confirmation 3. Eucharist 4. Reconciliation 5. Holy Orders 6. Marriage 7. Anointing the Sick

Everyman experiences Six Stages of Dying:

1. Denial 2. Wish for postponement 3. Bargaining 4. Frenzied but futile clinging to life 5. Acceptance of death 6. Spiritual preparation for death

Seven Deadly Sins-Redeeming Virtues:

1. Pride-Humility 2. Envy-Kindness 3. Gluttony-Temperance 4. Lust-Chastity 5. Anger/Wrath-Patience 6. Greed-Charity 7. Sloth-Diligence

Three Reasons why Everyman is so important:

1. So Relatable: acts as the audience would 2. Explaining the Complex: asks the questions the audience would ask 3. Hanging a Lantern on It: someone who recognizes the stupidity of the plot, doesn't take it seriously.

Anthropormorphism

Assigning human characteristics to nonhuman beings or things. Personification is the act of it while Anthropomorphism aims to make it appear that way.

Doctor

Delivering the play's epilogue, the doctor summarizes the moral of the story: we can only rely on our good deeds for comfort and salvation, and we must clear our "reckonings" while we are still alive, lest we suffer eternally in hell.

Characters that are not anthropomorphic:

Doctor, Everyman, Cousin, Messenger, God, Angel, Kindred.

Kindred

Does not go with Everyman but offers for his maid to go, if she agrees.

Pilgrimage and Psychology

Everyman embodies the anxieties of the Middle Ages where people were preoccupied with death. Appropriate, since England was ravaged by bubonic plague and the Black Death.

Beauty

First to leave Everyman.

Everyman

From antagonist to protagonist. He is approached by Death and tries to bring people with him to the grave. Represents all of human kind.

God

God appears in the play only once. Near the beginning, he criticizes Everyman's sinfulness and his ungrateful disregard of Christ's sacrifice for humanity, and then orders Death to summon Everyman to God's judgment. God's summoning of Everyman drives the plot of the play.

Characters that are anthropormorphic:

Goods, Good Deeds, Beauty, Death, Fellowship, Confession, Knowledge, Discretion, Strength, Five-Wits.

Confession

Hears Everyman's prayer and gives him penance and forgiveness from God. Regarded as "cleansing river."

Knowledge and Five-Wit's discussion of Priesthood:

It reinforces that the Catholic Church is not perfect, but it knows that. It voices the concern of indulgences being sold and corruption in the Church at the time, especially Priests not obeying their vows.

Five-Wits

Last to leave Everyman. Sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch (five senses).

Messenger

Like God, the messenger appears only once at the very beginning of the play, where he calls for the audience's attention and presents Everyman as a "moral play."

What are Everyman's possible sins?

Lust, Greed, Gluttony, and kind of Pride.

Plays

Miracle: dealt with saints and martyrs of the Roman Catholic Church. Mystery: short dramas tased on events from the Bible. Morality: plays about common people and their moral struggles.

Is Kindred and Cousin's rejection of Everyman more or less harsh than Fellowship's?

More, because they are family and they should be there even if your friends are not. Also, Cousin insults Everyman by saying he'd rather fast than go with Everyman and Kindred tells Everyman to just go alone.

Fellowship

Promises 1. not to leave Everyman 2. to die for him 3. go to Hell for him 4. to kill for him. But he leaves and is only there for the "fun times" - eat, drink, women.

Angel

Responsible for sending Everyman's soul to Heaven at the end of the play.

Cousin

Says he would rather live off bread and water than go with Everyman. Also says he has a "cramp in my toe".

Good Deeds

Says she would go if she were not so weak. She is weak because she has been neglected by Everyman. Everyman goes to Confession to make Good Deeds well again.

Strength

Second to leave Everyman.

Knowledge

Takes Everyman to Confession. Knowledge stays with Everyman but not all the way to the grave. Good Deeds' sister. Represents religious knowledge.

Goods

Tells Everyman it would not benefit him for Goods to go with him. He loves Goods too much and worshipped Goods. Goods was lent to him. Goods is more likely to kill than to save.

Death

Tells Everyman to write a Book of Reckoning. He is sent by God to Everyman (God's Messenger). Everyman asks him for more time (to fix his Book of Reckoning) then tries to bribe Death then asks Death if he can bring someone with him.

Who revived the drama in medieval times, and what effect did this have on theater?

The Catholic Church. Plays were an expression of religious belief.

How did plays become more public and communal?

The stages were moved from indoors to outdoors.

Discretion

Third to leave Everyman. Ability to make judgments and choices (right from wrong).

Why are these earthly-things (Beauty, Discretion, Strength, friends, family, Goods) vanity?

Vanity is inflated pride in one's appearance. They are vain because they do not go with you do the grave, they will not matter when you die.

Moral lesson:

We all face our mortality. Only spiritual aspects of our lives last. We should live our lives in honor to God.

Who is the author and what is the date of publication?

We do not know, 1485.

Allegory

abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events.

Book of Reckoning

list of sins and good deeds one has committed in his/her lifetime.