EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS

Which describes the modern classification system? based on evolutionary relationships called Linnean classification based on similar appearances called Darwinian classification

based on evolutionary relationships

Phylogenetic trees are also called _________

cladograms

Protists are a group of organisms that are characterized as eukaryotes (they have cells with nuclei) that are neither plants nor animals nor fungi. They are very diverse, and there are many hypotheses about their classification. The cladogram for protists is constantly changing and, sometimes, there are opposite hypotheses that both have data to support them. What is the implication of a changing hypothesis? It is acceptable because data are still being collected. It is acceptable because everything in science should always change. It is not acceptable because the correct answer needs to be found. It is not acceptable because science never changes.

It is acceptable because data are still being collected.

Which best describes traditional classification? It is based on shared characteristics. It is based on evolutionary relationships. It is called phylogenetic classification. It is called cladistics.

It is based on shared characteristics.

Julia is trying to place a duckbilled platypus, lizard, bear, and monkey on a phylogenetic tree. She learns that the duckbilled playpus, bear, and monkey are classified as mammals. She also learns that mammals share a common ancestor with reptiles. Which additional piece of information will be most helpful to Julia to properly build her phylogenetic tree? The platypus has fur like other mammals. The platypus does not have feathers like a bird. The platypus lays eggs like a reptile. The platypus does not have fins like a fish.

The platypus lays eggs like a reptile.

Which best describes derived characteristics? They are newly evolved traits. They appear in all the ancestors. They appear at the end of each branch. They stem from primary characteristics.

They are newly evolved traits.

If two organisms are in the same clade, what can you predict about their relationship? They are not closely related. They share a common ancestor. They compete for resources. One organism evolved into the other organism.

They share a common ancestor.

Consider the phylogenetic tree of Old World primates. mc012-1.jpg According to the tree, which primates share the most recent common ancestor with humans? gorillas chimpanzees bonobos and chimpanzees bonobos and gorillas

bonobos and chimpanzees

According to the cladogram, which organisms are in the smallest clade with birds? mc011-1.jpg crocodiles primates rodents and rabbits sharks

crocodiles

A scientist is trying to determine how closely related a moth species is to four other moth species. He examined the DNA of each species and compared it to the study subject. He then created this table. Species # of genetic differences Species A 12 Species B 3 Species C 14 Species D 28 Which species is most closely related to the original moth species? species A species B species C species D

species B

In a cladogram, what occurs at a node? A derived trait appears. Evolution is stopped. An ancestor dies. The cladogram ends.

A derived trait appears.

Consider the diagram. mc004-1.jpg Josiah says this is a phylogenetic tree of the dinosaurs. Maleek says it is a cladogram of the dinosaurs. Who is correct? Josiah is correct. Maleek is correct. Both are correct. Neither is correct.

Both are correct.

Consider the cladogram. mc014-1.jpg Which group of organisms has the derived characteristics of true tissues, bilateral symmetry, and a pseudocoelom? sponges roundworms annelids chordates

roundworms

Dr. Digger, a paleontologist, finds a fossil that he describes in his journal. The creature was approximately 1 meter long, with its backbone fused into a large shell covering the body cavity. It had a beaklike mouth, without teeth, and all four limbs were in the form of flippers. Based on anatomical similarities, to which modern animal is Dr. Digger's creature most closely related? zebra bony fish sea turtle snake

sea turtle