Evolve Adaptive Quiz - Fundementals

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about a rapid-improvement event (RIE), a quality improvement model. Which statement by the student nurse indicates effective learning? 1. "It is a very intense, usually week-long, event." 2. "It is done by an individual to evaluate a problem." 3. "It is appropriate to use when a minor problem exists." 4. "It takes a long time to measure the effect of changes in this event."

1. "It is a very intense, usually week-long, event."

According to Erikson's theory, at which age would a child develop self-control and independence? 1. 18 months to 3 years old 2. 3 to 6 years old 3. 6 to 12 years old 4. 12 to 19 years old

1. 18 months to 3 years old

A child says, "My doll is tired after playing for a long time, and she is resting now." Which characteristic is the child demonstrating? 1. Animism 2. Seriation 3. Egocentrism 4. Object permanence

1. Animism

What is the definition of descriptive research? 1. Descriptive research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. 2. Descriptive research measures the characteristics of persons, situations, or groups. 3. Descriptive research is designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. 4. Descriptive research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention.

2. Descriptive research measures the characteristics of persons, situations, or groups.

Which of these cultural groups is known to practice Ayurveda to prevent and treat illness? 1. East Asian 2. Hispanic 3. Asian Indian 4. Native American

3. Asian Indian

What is the difference between evidence-based practice and quality improvement? 1. Evidence-based practice is a part of a regular clinical practice. 2. Evidence-based practice aims to improve client care and outcomes. 3. Evidence-based practice focuses on the implementation of evidence already known into practice. 4. Evidence-based practice consists of internal funding and can be conducted by practicing nurses.

3. Evidence-based practice focuses on the implementation of evidence already known into practice

Which interview technique is the nurse using when asking a client to score the pain on a scale from 0 to 10? 1. Probing 2. Back channeling 3. Open-ended questioning 4. Closed-ended questioning

4. Closed-ended questioning Asking a client to score pain on a scale of 0 to 10 is a type of closed-ended question. These types of questions specify the cause of the problem or the client's experience of the illness. Asking whether anything else is bothering the client is an example of probing. A response by the nurse such as "All right," or "Go on," when a client says something is called back channeling. This interview technique encourages a client to provide more details. The nurse asks open-ended, nonspecific questions such as "What brought you to the hospital today?" to elicit the client's side of story. Such questions are related to the client's health history and can strengthen the nurse-client relationship.

Which type of theory is the Neuman systems model? 1. Grand theory 2. Descriptive theory 3. Prescriptive theory 4. Middle-range theory

1. Grand theory Neuman systems model is an example of a grand theory that provides a comprehensive foundation for scientific nursing practice, education, and research. Theories related to growth and development are descriptive theories. Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, describe the condition under which the prescription occurs, and predict the consequences. Mishel's theory of uncertainty is a prescriptive theory. Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness is a middle-range theory.

According to Benner et al., an expert nurse passes through five levels of proficiency when acquiring specialized nursing skills. What is the correct order of levels from lowest to highest?

1. Novice 2. Advanced Beginner 3. Competent 4. Proficient 5. Expert

Which statement is true about prescriptive theories? 1. Prescriptive theories are action-oriented. 2. Prescriptive theories help to explain client assessment. 3. Prescriptive theories focus on a specific field of nursing. 4. Prescriptive theories are the first level of theory development.

1. Prescriptive theories are action-oriented

What is the primary focus of nursing care in the "family as context" approach? 1. The relationship among family members 2. The health and development of an individual 3. The ability of the family to meet their basic needs 4. The family's process of caregiving for a sick member

2. The health and development of an individual

Which example indicates that the nurse is following evidence-based practice? 1. The nurse documents client care in an electronic health record. 2. The nurse reads current nursing journals and uses the latest scientific methods. 3. The nurse uses flowcharts and diagrams to record the client's progress. 4. The nurse encourages the hospitalized client's family to bring home-cooked food.

2. The nurse reads current nursing journals and uses the latest scientific methods.

A client is ambivalent about making a change in health behavior. Which stage of health behavior does the nurse suspect? 1. Preparation 2. Maintenance 3. Contemplation 4. Precontemplation

3. Contemplation

According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, which developmental age is called the latent stage? 1. Toddler 2. Preschool 3. Middle childhood 4. Adolescence

3. Middle childhood

Which step in the nursing process would involve promoting a safe environment for the client? 1. Planning 2. Diagnosis 3. Assessment 4. Implementation

4. Implementation

A nurse is recalling Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which statement is a characteristic of the concrete operations stage? 1. "A child is able describe a process without actually doing it." 2. "A child faces difficulty in conceptualizing time." 3. "A child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do." 4. "A child believes that his or her actions and appearance are constantly being scrutinized."

1. "A child is able describe a process without actually doing it."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What information should the nurse provide about the sensorimotor period? Select all that apply. 1. "In this stage, the child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy." 2. "In this stage, the child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment." 3. "In this stage, the child believes that non-living objects have realistic thoughts, wishes, and feelings." 4. "In this stage, the child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions." 5. "In this stage, the child promotes his or her cognitive development and learns about the world through playing."

1. "In this stage, the child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy." 2. "In this stage, the child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment." 4. "In this stage, the child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions."

What is the main focus of community health nursing? 1. To meet the acute care needs of a population 2. To improve the quality of health in a population 3. To influence political processes affecting public policies 4. To assess the healthcare needs of an individual or family

2. To improve the quality of health in a population

A nurse helps a client to clarify health problems and choose appropriate courses of action. What competency in community-based practice is the nurse exercising? 1. Educator 2. Caregiver 3. Counselor 4. Epidemiologist

3. Counselor When a nurse is helping a client to identify and clarify health problems and choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems, the nurse is acting as a counselor. The nurse acts as an educator by establishing relationships with community service organizations. The nurse acts as an epidemiologist when he or she is involved in case finding, health teaching, and tracking incident rates of an illness. The nurse acts as a caregiver when he or she provides appropriate, individualized nursing care for specific clients and their families.

A nurse is interviewing a client. Which of these statements is an example of an open-ended question? 1. "Who helps you at home?" 2. "Are you having pain now?" 3. "Tell me how you are feeling." 4. "Do you think the medication is helping you?"

3. "Tell me how you are feeling."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which statement made by the nursing student needs correction? 1. "The hierarchy of basic human needs includes five levels of priority." 2. "The second level includes safety and security needs, which involve physical and psychological security." 3. "The fourth level contains love and belonging needs, including friendship, social relationships, and sexual love." 4. "The final level is the need for self-actualization, which includes the ability to solve problems and cope realistically with situations of life."

3. "The fourth level contains love and belonging needs, including friendship, social relationships, and sexual love."

Which age is considered the phallic stage according to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory? 1. Birth to 18 months 2. 18 months to 3 years old 3. 3 to 6 years old 4. 6 to 12 years old

3. 3 to 6 years old According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, 3 to 6 years of age is considered the phallic stage. Birth to 18 months of age is considered the oral stage a. Six to 12 years of age is the latent stage. Eighteen months to 3 years of age is the anal stage.

With reference to the nursing process as a system, what is content? 1. Content is the end product of a system. 2. Content serves to inform a system about how it functions. 3. Content is the product and information obtained from the system. 4. Content is the data or information that comes from a client's assessment.

3. Content is the product and information obtained from the system

Which of these is a part of health belief model? 1. Behavioral outcomes 2. Behavior-specific knowledge 3. Perception of susceptibility to an illness 4. Individual characteristics and experience

3. Perception of susceptibility to an illness

A hospital needs to hire a nursing staff for the intensive care of cancer clients. Which of these positions is most likely to be filled by the nurse? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Nurse administrator 3. Certified nurse-midwife 4. Clinical nurse specialist

4. Clinical nurse specialist The hospital will most likely hire a clinical nurse specialist. A clinical nurse specialist is an expert in a specific area of practice and in a particular setting such as an intensive care unit. A nurse practitioner has expertise in taking care of clients in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community care setting. A nurse administrator looks after the management of the care provided to clients within a health-care agency. A certified nurse-midwife provides care to women during their pregnancy, labor or delivery.

Which theory details nursing interventions for a specific phenomenon and the expected outcome of care? 1. Grand theories 2. Predictive theories 3. Descriptive theories 4. Prescriptive theories

4. Prescriptive theories Prescriptive theories detail nursing interventions for a specific phenomenon and the expected outcome of the care. Grand theories provide the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing. Predictive theories identify conditions or factors that predict a phenomenon. Descriptive theories help to explain client assessments.

What is the goal of nursing according to Watson's theory? 1. To help the client attain total self-care 2. To develop a positive interaction between the nurse and the client 3. To work interdependently with other healthcare workers 4. To promote health, restore the client to health, and prevent illness

4. To promote health, restore the client to health, and prevent illness According to Watson's theory, the goal of nursing is to promote health, restore the client to health, and prevent illness. Watson's theory is the first theory to include the concept of caring. The goal of Orem's theory is to help a client attain total self-care. The goal of Peplau's theory is to develop a positive interaction between the nurse and the client. The goal of Henderson theory is to work independently with other healthcare workers.

Which facility has enabled rural hospitals to have increased access to specialist consultations? 1. Medicare 2. Medicaid 3. Telemedicine 4. Critical access hospital

3. Telemedicine

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Peplau's theory, which focuses on interpersonal relations. Which statements of the nursing student indicate an understanding of the theory? Select all that apply. 1. "This theory creates a maturing force." 2. "This theory involves the nurse acting as a resource and surrogate." 3. "This theory includes three phases that characterize the interpersonal relationship." 4. "This theory focuses on the interpersonal relationship between the client and the client's family." 5. "This theory focuses on the interpersonal relationship that is influenced by only the nurse's perceptions."

1. "This theory creates a maturing force." 2. "This theory involves the nurse acting as a resource and surrogate." 3. "This theory includes three phases that characterize the interpersonal relationship."

A nurse questions the staff about a change in a client's plan of care. What does this demonstrate? 1. Authority 2. Autonomy 3. Responsibility 4. Accountability

1. Authority

The nurse is caring for a client who requires an intravenous infusion. The nurse explains the reason for the procedure while assembling the kit for the infusion. What is the role of the nurse in this situation? 1. Educator 2. Manager 3. Advocate 4. Caregiver

1. Educator The nurse assumes the role of educator when explaining to the client the need for an intravenous infusion. The nurse as a manager oversees the budget of a specific nursing unit or agency and is also responsible for coordinating the activities of the staff providing nursing care. As an advocate, the nurse protects the human and legal rights of the client. The nurse empowers the client with information required to make important health care decisions. The nurse is a caregiver when helping the client maintain and regain health, manage disease symptoms, and achieve a maximum level of functioning.

In which process of Swanson's theory is the nurse engaging when explaining neonatal care to a parent? 1. Enabling 2. Knowing 3. Doing for 4. Being with

1. Enabling According to Swanson's theory, the nurse is engaging in enabling when explaining the care of a neonate to a parent. Enabling includes informing/explaining/supporting/allowing, focusing, generating alternatives, validating, and giving feedback. The process of knowing includes avoiding assumptions, centering on the one being cared for, assessing thoroughly, seeking cues, and engaging the self or both. The process of doing for includes comforting, anticipating, performing skillfully, protecting, and preserving dignity. The process of being with includes being there, conveying ability, sharing feelings, and not burdening.

The school nurse conducts a class in nutrition planning for parents. What is the goal of school health nursing programs? 1. Health promotion 2. Disease management 3. Chronic care management 4. Environmental surveillance

1. Health promotion The goal of school health nursing programs is health promotion through a school curriculum. A class on nutritional planning for parents contributes to health promotion. Disease management is one of the many programs of community health centers. These centers provide primary care to a specific client population within a community. Nurse-managed clinics provide nursing care with a focus on acute and chronic care management. The occupational health nurse may conduct an environmental surveillance for health promotion and accident prevention in the work setting.

Which healthcare system focuses solely on palliative care? 1. Hospice 2. Rehabilitation 3. Assisted Living 4. Extended care facilities

1. Hospice A hospice is a system of family-centered care that allows clients to live and remain at home with comfort, independence, and dignity while easing the pain of terminal illness. The focus of hospice care is palliative care, not curative treatment. Rehabilitation restores a person to his or her fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic potential possible. Assisted living offers an attractive long-term care setting with an environment reminiscent of home and with some resident autonomy. An extended care facility provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care to clients recovering from acute illnesses or clients with chronic illnesses or disabilities.

Which of these refers to the accountability element of the decision making process? 1. Individuals being answerable for their actions 2. Freedom of choice and responsibility for the choices 3. Duties and activities that an individual is employed to perform 4. Authority to give commands and make final decisions specific to a given position

1. Individuals being answerable for their actions

Which theorist suggested that the goal of nursing is to use communication to help clients reestablish a positive adaptations to their environments? 1. King 2. Peplau 3. Nightingale 4. Benner and Wrubel

1. King According to King's theory, the goal of nursing is to use communication to help the client reestablish a positive adaptation to his or her environment. According to Peplau's theory, the goal of nursing is to develop an interaction between nurse and client. According to Nightingale's theory, the goal of nursing is to facilitate the reparative processes of the body by manipulating a client's environment. According to Benner and Wrubel, the goal of nursing is to focus on a client's need for caring as a means of coping with stressors of illness.

Which statement regarding Roy's theory of nursing needs correction? 1. The Roy adaptation model views the environment as an adaptive system. 2. The need for nursing care occurs when the client cannot adapt to internal and external environmental demands. 3. The goal of nursing is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness. 4. All individuals must adapt to the following demands: meeting basic physiological needs, developing a positive self-concept, performing social roles, and achieving a balance between dependence and independence.

1. The Roy adaptation model views the environment as an adaptive system

A nurse is teaching a parent about the different temperaments that a child may display. What characteristics does a slow-to-warm up child display? Select all that apply. 1. The child adapts slowly with frequent communication. 2. This child is regular and predictable in his or her habits. 3. The child is highly active, irritable, and irregular in his or her habits. 4. The child reacts with mild but passive resistance to novelty. 5. The child reacts negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli.

1. The child adapts slowly with frequent communication. 4. The child reacts with mild but passive resistance to novelty. 5. The child reacts negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli. A slow-to-warm up child adapts slowly with frequent communication and reacts to novelty with mild but passive resistance. A slow-to-warm up child also reacts negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli. An easy child is regular and predictable in his or her habits. A difficult child is highly active, irritable, and irregular in his or her habits.

What is the duty of a nurse while caring for a client? 1. The nurse should determine the client's care preferences. 2. The nurse should hide serious information from the family. 3. The nurse should inform the family after taking the required steps. 4. The nurse should instruct the family to keep the client from doing things himself or herself

1. The nurse should determine the client's care preferences.

Which of the following statements about a case manager is correct? 1. "A case manager identifies and implements new and more effective approaches to problems." 2. "A case manager has the ability to establish an appropriate care plan based on the assessment of clients and families." 3. "A case manager helps clients identify and clarify health problems and chooses appropriate courses of action to solve these problems." 4. "A case manager applies a critical thinking approach to ensure appropriate, individualized nursing care for specific clients and their families."

2. "A case manager has the ability to establish an appropriate care plan based on the assessment of clients and families."

A nursing student understands that a nursing theory is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing care. Which points about theories made by the nursing student are accurate? Select all that apply. 1. A discipline constitutes a major portion of the knowledge of a theory. 2. A nursing theory helps to identify the focus, means, and goals of practice. 3. Theories give a perspective to assess the situation of a client and to organize data and methods for analyzing and interpreting information. 4. Theory and scientific inquiry do not go hand in hand because they fail to provide guidelines for decision making, problem solving, and nursing interventions. 5. Application of nursing theory in practice depends on the knowledge of nursing and other theoretical models, how they relate to one another, and their use in designing nursing interventions.

2. A nursing theory helps to identify the focus, means, and goals of practice. 3. Theories give a perspective to assess the situation of a client and to organize data and methods for analyzing and interpreting information. 5. Application of nursing theory in practice depends on the knowledge of nursing and other theoretical models, how they relate to one another, and their use in designing nursing interventions.

Which statement accurately describes correlational research? 1. Correlational research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. 2. Correlational research explores the relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. 3. In correlational research, the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable. 4. Correlational research measures the characteristics of people, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.

2. Correlational research explores the relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.

Which theory focuses on developing the interpersonal relationships between the nurse, client, and the client's family? 1. Orem's theory 2. Peplau's theory 3. Leininger's theory 4. Henderson's theory

2. Peplau's theory

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about types of nursing theories. Which information provided by the registered nurse is accurate? 1. Prescriptive theories do not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions. 2. Descriptive theories describe, relate, and in some situations predict, nursing phenomena. 3. Middle-range theories provide the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing. 4. Grand theories are action-oriented and test the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention.

2. Descriptive theories describe, relate, and in some situations predict, nursing phenomena.

Which domain of the Nursing Interventions Classification taxonomy includes care that supports homeostatic regulation? 1. Domain 1 2. Domain 2 3. Domain 3 4. Domain 4

2. Domain 2 Domain 2 of the Nursing Interventions Classification taxonomy includes care that supports homeostatic regulation. Domain 1 includes care that supports physical functioning. Domain 3 includes care that supports psychosocial functioning and facilitates life style changes. Domain 4 includes care that supports protection against harm.

Which domain of the nursing intervention phase includes electrolyte and acid-base management? 1. Domain 1 2. Domain 2 3. Domain 3 4. Domain 4

2. Domain 2 Domain 2 of the nursing intervention phase includes electrolyte and acid-base management. Domain 2, or the physiologic complex, includes care that supports homeostatic regulation. Domain 1 includes care that supports physical functioning. Domain 3 incorporates care that supports psychosocial functioning and facilitates lifestyle changes. Domain 4 involves care that supports protection against harm.

A nurse reviews a client's record to learn the nature of an illness and the client's response to it. What purpose of the client record is being fulfilled? 1. Research 2. Education 3. Reimbursement 4. Communication

2. Education

Which factor is used to assess the quality of health care provided to a client? 1. Fall prevention measures employed for the client 2. Functional health status of the client after discharge 3. Hand hygiene practiced by the health care personnel 4. Teamwork and coordination among health care personnel

2. Functional health status of the client after discharge

Which nursing diagnosis is an example of a client response to a health condition? 1. Risk for acute confusion 2. Impaired social interaction 3. Readiness for enhanced nutrition 4. Readiness for increased family coping

2. Impaired social interaction

The community health care nurse uses emails to remind the community about vaccines and regular diabetic checkups. Which Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency does the nurse address? 1. Safety 2. Informatics 3. Quality improvement 4. Evidence-based practice

2. Informatics

What is exploratory research? 1. It is a study that tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. 2. It is a study designed to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena. 3. It is a study that explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. 4. It is a study that measures characteristics of situations, or groups, and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.

2. It is a study designed to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena.

A 70-year-old client needs to undergo heart surgery but cannot afford it. The client seeks the assistance of a nurse. Which is the preferred program that the nurse may suggest? 1. Medicaid 2. Medicare 3. Managed care organization 4. Preferred care organization

2. Medicare The nurse should discuss the Medicare program to this client. This health insurance program is designed for clients 65 years of age and older. There are four parts of Medicare; part A takes care of the medical, surgical, and psychiatric costs. Medicaid is a state-operated program that provides long-term care to low-income families and disabled older clients. The nurse may suggest this program in case of disabilities, but Medicare is the preferred choice. Managed care organizations (MCO) provide comprehensive preventive and treatment services to a specific group of voluntarily enrolled people. Preferred care organizations (PCO) narrow down the list of hospitals, physicians, and healthcare providers preferred by the member. PCO and MCO members need to pay from his or her own pocket in order to afford these facilities.

A nursing student notes the characteristics of middle-range theories. Which points noted by the nursing student are accurate? Select all that apply. 1. Middle-range theories are systematic and broad in scope and complexity. 2. Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. 3. Middle-range theories do not address a specific phenomenon and do not reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching. 4. Middle-range theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. 5. Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations.

2. Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. 4. Middle-range theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. 5. Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations.

In which role does the nurse oversee the budget of a specific nursing unit or agency? 1. Nurse educator 2. Nurse manager 3. Nurse researcher 4. Nurse practitioner

2. Nurse manager The nurse manager is responsible for the budget of a specific nursing unit or agency. The nurse educator works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and client education programs. The nurse researcher investigates problems to improve nursing care. The nurse practitioner provides health care to a group of clients usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community-based setting.

A nurse is counseling a group of parents about their responsibilities with regard to children. Which instructions will the nurse give? 1. Parents should not try to maintain a nuclear family. 2. Parents should involve other family members in care. 3. Parents should punish children harshly to discipline them. 4. Parents should give the responsibility of children to grandparents.

2. Parents should involve other family members in care.

Which points have been correctly stated regarding prescriptive theories? Select all that apply. 1. Prescriptive theories do not predict the consequences. 2. Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions for a phenomenon. 3. Prescriptive theories describe the conditions under which the prescription occurs. 4. Prescriptive theories guide nursing research to develop and test specific nursing interventions. 5. Prescriptive theories are not action-oriented and do not test the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention.

2. Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions for a phenomenon. 3. Prescriptive theories describe the conditions under which the prescription occurs. 4. Prescriptive theories guide nursing research to develop and test specific nursing interventions.

A client tells a nurse "I work in a factory that manufactures explosives." According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to which level of need does the given scenario refer? 1. The given scenario relates to the first level that includes physiological needs. 2. The given scenario relates to the second level that includes safety and security needs. 3. The given scenario relates to the fourth level that includes self-esteem needs. 4. The given scenario relates to the final level that includes self-actualization needs.

2. The given scenario relates to the second level that includes safety and security needs.

How many levels of critical thinking exist for nursing judgment?

3 There are three levels of critical thinking in nursing judgment. The first level is basic critical thinking, in which the nurse has faith that the expert has the right answer to each problem. The second level is complex critical thinking. The nurse examines and analyzes information provided by the expert. A nurse engaging in this critical thinking may discover that another option is available with which to solve an issue. The third level of critical thinking is commitment. A nurse at this level can make choices without help from others. The nurse at this level of critical thinking takes full responsibility for every action in which he or she engages.

The nurse is caring for a client who is in pain following surgery. The nurse informs the primary health care provider about the client's request for pain medication. What is the role of the nurse in this situation? 1. Educator 2. Manager 3. Advocate 4. Administrator

3. Advocate The nurse acts as a client advocate by speaking to the primary health care provider on behalf of the client. The nurse acts as an educator while teaching the client facts about health and the need for routine care activities. The nurse manager uses appropriate leadership styles to create a nursing environment for client-centered care. The nurse administrator manages client care and delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency.

Which statement is true about Betty Neuman's theory? 1. Betty Neuman's theory is based on anthropology. 2. Betty Neuman's theory views the client as an adaptive system. 3. Betty Neuman's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. 4. Betty Neuman's theory defines the outcomes of the nursing based on humanistic aspects of life.

3. Betty Neuman's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor.

A client is in a state of ambivalence. Which of these stages of health behavior will the nurse suspect? 1. Preparation 2. Maintenance 3. Contemplation 4. Precontemplation

3. Contemplation The nurse will suspect the stage of contemplation. This stage of health behavior is characterized by a client's attitude towards a change; the client is most likely to accept that change in the next six months. The stage of preparation is when a client believes that a change in his or her behavior is advantageous. During the maintenance stage, changes need to be implemented in the client's lifestyle. In the precontemplation stage, the client is not willing to hear any information about the changes in the behavior.

The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a stroke. The primary health care provider has referred the client for rehabilitative care. Which interventions by the nurse help to make a successful referral process? Select all that apply. 1. Make the referral after the client is discharged. 2. Select a suitable rehabilitation center for the client. 3. Explain the need for referral to the client and family. 4. Provide the referral with adequate client information. 5. Determine what the referral recommends for client care.

3. Explain the need for referral to the client and family. 4. Provide the referral with adequate client information. 5. Determine what the referral recommends for client care.

A nursing student is listing the points that are applicable to grand theories of nursing. Which point mentioned by the nursing student needs correction? 1. Grand theories require further specification through research. 2. Grand theories are systematic and broad in scope and complex. 3. Grand theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness. 4. Grand theories do not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions.

3. Grand theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness.

Which statement defines "information" gathered by the nurse? 1. It is an individual piece of reality. 2. It is a combination of pieces of reality. 3. It is the organization and interpretation of data. 4. It is the identification of relationship of various data.

3. It is the organization and interpretation of data.

A theory contains a set of components such as concepts, definitions, assumptions or propositions. What do these components help to explain? 1. Domain 2. Paradigm 3. Phenomenon 4. Environment or situation

3. Phenomenon A theory contains a set of components such as concepts, definitions, assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon. The domain is the perspective of a profession. A paradigm is a pattern of thought that is useful in describing the domain of a discipline. Environment or situation includes all possible conditions affecting clients and the settings in which their health care needs occur.

Which statement made by a nursing student about Swanson's theory of caring needs correction? 1. The components of Swanson's theory of caring provide a foundation of knowledge for nurses to direct and deliver caring nursing practices. 2. Swanson's theory of caring defines five components of caring: knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining belief. 3. Swanson's theory of caring provides a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. 4. Swanson's theory of caring was developed by Kristin Swanson by conducting extensive interviews with clients and their professional caregivers.

3. Swanson's theory of caring provides a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response.

A client says "I feel frustrated because I do not spend enough time with my partner because of my job." According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level of need does the given scenario refer? 1. The given scenario relates to the first level that includes physiological needs. 2. The given scenario relates to the second level that includes safety and security needs. 3. The given scenario relates to the third level that includes love and belonging needs. 4. The given scenario relates to the final level that includes self-actualization needs.

3. The given scenario relates to the third level that includes love and belonging needs.

What is the function of the Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) set up by the federal government? 1. To identify "Never Events" in health care 2. To set national priorities to transform healthcare 3. To review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care 4. To eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services

3. To review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care

Which of these measures does a nurse take during the working phase of a helping relationship? 1. Evaluating goal achievements with the client 2. Anticipating health concerns or issues that may arise 3. Using appropriate self-disclosure and confrontation 4. Prioritizing the client's problems and identifying his or her goals

3. Using appropriate self-disclosure and confrontation

What type of research explores the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by a researcher? 1. Historical research 2. Evaluation research 3. Exploratory research 4. Correlation research

4. Correlation research Correlation research involves the exploration of the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by a researcher. Historical studies are designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Exploratory research is an initial study designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena.

In a clinical study, subjects were given chlorhexidine and betadine as antiseptics. How will a nurse researcher categorize this research? 1. Evaluation research 2. Descriptive research 3. Correlational research 4. Experimental research

4. Experimental research The nurse will categorize this study as experimental research. In experimental research, the investigator gives variables randomly to the subjects. In this case, subjects are given chlorhexidine and betadine to test their efficacy in reducing infection. Evaluation research is an initial study that refines a hypothesis, such as testing a new exercise in older dementia clients. In a descriptive study, the characteristics of a person or a situation are measured. For example, a researcher may examine the nurses' bias while caring for obese clients. Correlational research is used to find out the relationship between different variables without the interference of a researcher. An example would be determining the educational status of nurses and their satisfaction with the job provided.

Which opposing conflict would a middle-aged adult face according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? 1. Integrity versus Despair 2. Intimacy versus Isolation 3. Identity versus Role Confusion 4. Generativity versus Self-Absorption and Stagnation

4. Generativity versus Self-Absorption and Stagnation According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, a middle-aged adult is likely to face the opposing conflicts Generativity versus Self-Absorption and Stagnation. An older adult is likely to face the opposing conflicts Integrity versus Despair. A young adult may face the opposing conflicts Intimacy versus Isolation. An adolescent may face the opposing conflicts Identity versus Role Confusion.

Which statement about Henderson's theory of nursing care is correct? 1. Henderson's self-care deficit theory focuses on the client's self-care needs. 2. Henderson's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. 3. Henderson's concept of the environment includes the suggestion that nurses do not need to know all about the disease process differentiated nursing from medicine. 4. Henderson organized the theory into 14 basic needs of the whole person and includes phenomena from the following domains of the client: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental.

4. Henderson organized the theory into 14 basic needs of the whole person and includes phenomena from the following domains of the client: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental. Henderson's theory comprises 14 basic needs of the whole person and includes phenomena from the following domains of the client: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental. Orem's self-care deficit theory focuses on the client's self-care needs. The Neuman systems model is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. Nightingale's concept of the environment includes the suggestion that nurses do not need to know all about the disease process differentiated nursing from medicine.

Which step in the research process is similar to the assessment step of the nursing process? 1. Analyzing the results 2. Conducting the study 3. Developing hypothesis 4. Identifying the problem

4. Identifying the problem Identifying the problem, which includes reviewing literature, formulating a theoretical framework, and identifying the study variables is similar to assessment in the nursing process. Analyzing the results of research is similar to the evaluation phase of the nursing process. Conducting the study is similar to the implementation phase of the nursing process. Developing the hypothesis coincides with the diagnosis phase of the nursing process.

An injured client with an open wound is brought to the hospital. The doctor asks the nurse to administer a tetanus toxoid injection. Which step of the nursing process does the nurse follow next? 1. Diagnosis 2. Evaluation 3. Assessment 4. Implementation

4. Implementation The nurse will administer the tetanus as per the doctor's regime. The American Nurses Association identifies this standard of nursing practice as implementation. Diagnosis refers to analysis of the client's biological and psychosocial data to find out the relevant issues and problems. Evaluation is the procedure of assessing the desired outcomes of treatment. Assessment is done at the very beginning when the nurse collects the data about the client to make an accurate diagnosis.

Which statement about Orem's theory needs to be corrected? 1. It determines self-care needs. 2. It explains the types of nursing care. 3. It aids in the design of nursing interventions. 4. It describes factors supporting the health of the family.

4. It describes factors supporting the health of the family. Orem's theory explains the factors within a client's living situation. These factors may support or interfere with the client's self-care abilities, but they do not refer to the family's health. This theory interprets data that determine a client's self-care needs, self-care deficits, and self-care abilities. Orem's theory explains, predicts, or describes nursing care that will help the client in bettering his or her health. The theory also aids in the design of nursing interventions for the promotion of self-care by the client during times of illness, such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, or arthritis.

Which theory emphasizes the facilitation of the body's reparative processes by manipulating the client's environment? 1. Orem's theory 2. Watson's theory 3. Leininger's theory 4. Nightingale's theory

4. Nightingale's theory Nightingale's theory is based on facilitating the body's reparative processes by manipulating the client's environment. Orem's self-care deficit theory focuses on the client's self-care needs. Watson's theory is based on promoting health, restoring the client to health, and preventing illness. Leininger's theory is based on providing care consistent with emerging science and knowledge, with caring as the central focus.

The Magnet Recognition Program for health care organizations is based on fourteen forces of magnetism related to five magnet model components. Which force of magnetism is assessed to review the structural empowerment of the organization? 1. Quality of care 2. Quality improvement 3. Interdisciplinary relationships 4. Personnel policies and programs

4. Personnel policies and programs Health care organizations that apply for Magnet status must demonstrate innovations in professional practice. One of the forces of magnetism that impacts the structural empowerment of the organization is its personnel policies and programs. Personnel policies of an organization should provide an innovative environment in which the staff are developed and empowered. Empirical quality outcomes are reviewed by assessing the quality of care. New knowledge, innovations, and improvements are reviewed by assessing the quality improvement of the health care organization. Interdisciplinary relationships are assessed to review exemplary professional practice.

What is the primary focus of the nurse when providing evidence-based care to the client? 1. Practice trends 2. Research studies 3. Clinical experience 4. Problem-solving approach

4. Problem-solving approach Evidence-based practice is first and foremost a problem-solving approach to care. This problem-solving approach incorporates application of current best practice along with knowledge from research studies and clinical expertise.

Which of these is true about SOAP progress note method? 1. The A in SOAP stands for action. 2. The P in SOAP stands for problem. 3. SOAP progress note has a nursing origin. 4. SOAP progress note includes assessment information.

4. SOAP progress note includes assessment information. SOAP progress notes include assessment information or diagnoses based on data. The A in SOAP stands for assessment and not action. The P stands for plan, not problem. SOAP progress note originate from medical records.

A middle-aged client says, "I have been unsuccessful in raising my kids." Which stage should the nurse expect the client to have reached, according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? 1. The client has reached the Integrity versus Despair stage. 2. The client has reached the Intimacy versus Isolation stage. 3. The client has reached the Identity versus Role Confusion stage. 4. The client has reached the Generativity versus Self-Absorption and Stagnation stage.

4. The client has reached the Generativity versus Self-Absorption and Stagnation stage.

A nursing student is recalling the Stage-Crisis Theory of Robert Havinghurst. Which step listed by the nursing student needs correction according to Havinghurst theory? 1. The number of tasks differs in each age level for individuals. 2. There are six stages and six-to-ten developmental tasks for each stage. 3. Successful resolution of the developmental task is essential to successful progression throughout life. 4. This theory includes four periods that are related to age and demonstrates specific categories of knowing and understanding.

4. This theory includes four periods that are related to age and demonstrates specific categories of knowing and understanding. Havinghurst's theory does not include four periods that are related to age and does not demonstrate specific categories of knowing and understanding; this statement is associated with Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Havinghurst's theory states that the number of tasks differs in each age level for individuals. Havinghurst theory consists of six stages and six-to-ten developmental tasks for each stage. Havinghurst theory believes that the successful resolution of developmental tasks is essential to successful progression throughout life.

Which statement is applicable to Watson's theory of transpersonal caring? 1. Watson's theory views the client as an adaptive system. 2. Watson's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. 3. Watson's theory focuses on providing the client with culturally specific nursing care. 4. Watson's theory defines the outcome of nursing activity in relation to the humanistic aspects of life.

4. Watson's theory defines the outcome of nursing activity in relation to the humanistic aspects of life. Watson's theory of transpersonal caring defines the outcome of nursing activity in relation to the humanistic aspects of life. The Roy adaptation model views the client as an adaptive system. The Neuman systems model is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. Leininger's theory focuses on cultural diversity; the goal of nursing care should be to provide the client with culturally specific nursing care.

A nursing instructor asks a student to describe Betty Neuman's theory. Which statement by the student indicates the need for further education? 1. "Betty Neuman's theory is based on five concepts that interact with one another." 2. "Betty Neuman's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor." 3. "Betty Neuman's theory places the client as an individual, group, family, or community." 4. "Betty Neuman's theory outlines that the external environmental factors act as stressor."

4."Betty Neuman's theory outlines that the external environmental factors act as stressor." According to Betty Neuman's theory, both internal and external factors can act as stressors for the client.Betty Neuman's theory is based on five concepts that interact with one another. These five concepts are physiologic, psychologic, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual. The Neuman systems model is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. In this model, the client can be an individual, group, family, or community.