EVR1001 CH. 2 QUIZ

Which U.S. president was most responsible for setting aside national forests in the late 1800s and early 1900s? A.Grover Cleveland B.Benjamin Harrison C.Abraham Lincoln D.Herbert Hoover E.Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt

Pollution is considered an external cost because:

its cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the product that produces it.

The cost, in environmental quality, of a unit of pollution that is emitted into the environment is the: A.marginal cost of pollution. B.marginal cost of pollution abatement. C.optimum amount of pollution. D.indirect cost of pollution. E.indirect cost of pollution abatement.

marginal cost of pollution.

In the field of economics, the additional cost associated with one more unit of something is called a(n): A.marginal cost. B.external cost. C.direct cost. D.fringe cost. E.total product cost.

marginal cost.

Western Xanadu is permitted to place a maximum of 350 tons per day into its landfill but must trade 50 extra tons to a nearby county. This is an example of a(n): A.command and control policy. B.emission charge policy. C.emission reduction credit. D.marketable waste-discharge permit. E.environmental directive.

marketable waste-discharge permit.

Environmental Impact Statements: A.must be made available to the public. B.only address potential impact on endangered or threatened species. C.only need to project impact out to two years following the completion of the project. D.only affect the 20% of lands owned by the federal government. E.are not required for any state-funded projects.

must be made available to the public.

One approach to pollution control is incentive-based regulation. In this tactic A.industries adopting specific pollution control methods recommended by the government are rewarded. B.industries are encouraged to emit an amount of pollution that is economically most desirable for that company. C.green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on polluters. D.governments issue a fixed number of marketable waste-discharge permits. E.green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on polluters and governments issue a fixed number of marketable waste-discharge permits.

green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on polluters and governments issue a fixed number of marketable waste-discharge permits.

Which of the following is not included in an environmental impact statement? A. nature of the proposal B. short- and long-term effects of the proposal C. why the proposal is needed D. alternatives to the proposed course of action E. guarantees that no species or habitat will be negatively impacted by the proposal

guarantees that no species or habitat will be negatively impacted by the proposal

The deep ecology worldview is an understanding of our place in the world based on A. harmony with nature and a respect for life B. human superiority and dominance over nature C. right and wrong environmental behaviors of our government D. hidden beliefs about the hierarchy of all species E. green politics

harmony with nature and a respect for life

All of the following are successes in pollution control since 1970 except: A.improved water quality in rivers and streams. B.DDT, asbestos, and dioxins have been banned from use in the U.S. C.75% reduction in sulfur dioxide and resulting acid rain. D.98% reduction in lead levels in the air. E.70% reduction in the use of CFCs and other chemicals that are contributing to the ozone hole.

75% reduction in sulfur dioxide and resulting acid rain.

The legislation that authorizes the president of the United States to set aside national monuments is the: A.Antiquities Act. B.National Parks and Forest Act. C.National Monuments Act. D.Wilderness Act. E.Endangered Species Act.

Antiquities Act.

Which of the following NOT a principle of deep ecology, according to Arne Naess? A.All life has intrinsic value B.Environment must be exploited to improve living standards C.Flourishing human and nonhuman life depends on diversity of life forms D.Human interference with nature is excessive E.Flourishing of human and nonhuman life depends on a decrease in the human population

Environment must be exploited to improve living standards

Which of the following gave authority to the president to establish forest reserves on federally owned land? A.Northwest Forest Plan B.General Revision Act C.frontier attitude D.Antiquities Act E.The Fifth Amendment

General Revision Act

Which of the following statements reflects the Western worldview? A.All organisms are interdependent. B.Nature should be preserved, not used. C.Humans have the right to modify the environment to benefit their wellbeing and high standard of living. D.Humans and all other species have an equal worth. E.Humans have no right to reduce diversity of life forms except to satisfy vital needs.

Humans have the right to modify the environment to benefit their wellbeing and high standard of living.

Put the following historical views of the environment in the correct chronological sequence. I. Frontier attitude: desire to conquer and exploit nature as quickly as possible. * III. Utilitarian conservationist: view of environment in terms of usefulness for people. II. Biocentric preservationists: belief that all life deserves respect and consideration. IV. Earth Day celebrant: demonstrates support of environmental quality by planting trees, cleaning roadsides and rivers and marching in parades.

I - III - II - IV

Which of the following is a critique of economic approaches to environmental regulation? A.It's difficult to assess the costs of environmental damage B.Utilitarian economics are not universally accepted C.Many economic records of environmental problems are false D.It's difficult to assess the costs of environmental damage and Utilitarian economics are not universally accepted E.none of these choices

It's difficult to assess the costs of environmental damage and Utilitarian economics are not universally accepted

Which of the following people is incorrectly matched with their environmental voice? A.John Audubon: On Walden's Pond B.Rachel Carson: Silent Spring C.Paul Ehrlich: The Population Bomb D.Aldo Leopold: A Sand County Almanac E.Wallace Stegner: Wilderness Essay

John Audubon: On Walden's Pond

All of the following were authors whose writings influenced the environmental movement except

John James Audubon

All of the following were authors whose writings influenced the environmental movement except: A.Rachel Carson B.John James Audubon C.Aldo Leopold D.Wallace Stegner E.George Perkins Marsh

John James Audubon

Founder of the Sierra Club, naturalist, and force behind the establishment of Yosemite and Sequoia national parks: A.Aldo Leopold. B.Henry David Thoreau. C.John James Audubon. D.John Muir. E.Theodore Roosevelt.

John Muir.

Whose work heightened public awareness and concern about the use of pesticides and ultimately led to restrictions on the use of certain pesticides? A.George Perkins Marsh B.Henry David Thoreau C.Paul Ehrlich D.John Muir E.Rachel Carson

Rachel Carson

You are an environmental ethicist. As such you consider: A.what role humans play in determining the fate of Earth's resources B.how humans should relate to the natural environment C.the moral basis of environmental responsibility D.political, economic, societal, and individual tradeoffs E.all of these choices are correct

all of these choices are correct

A preservationist is more likely to have a __________ worldview, and a conservationist probably has a __________ worldview. A.biocentric, eccentric B.biocentric, utilitarian C.anthropocentric, biocentric D.universal, rare E.self-centered, unselfish

biocentric, utilitarian

All of the following would contribute to natural capital, except

clean air,mineral resources, groundwater, soil. Correct (None of these choices, all are natural capital)

Economic strategies for pollution control include all of the following except: A.emission charges. B.emission reduction credits. C.waste-discharge permits. D.complete shutdown of a business that is responsible for excess environmental damage. E.None of these choices, all are valid economic strategies

complete shutdown of a business that is responsible for excess environmental damage.

When consumption or production of a product has a harmful side effect that is borne by people not directly involved in the market exchange for that product, the side effect is called a(n): A.marginal cost. B.indirect cost. C.additional cost. D.intrinsic cost. E.external cost.

external cost.

Having a bottle of freon cost a consumer $2,000 to pay for the damage it does to the ozone layer when it is eventually released into the environment is an example of adding in: A.emission charges. B.environmental impact statements. C.marginal costs. D.external costs. E.emission reduction credits.

external costs.

Provisions of the Endangered Species Act A.require the timber industry to reforest in areas of logging. B.grant the President authority to establish National Parks for endangered species. C.provide a spending limit by the federal government in protecting endangered species. D.require the government to protect the habitat of endangered species so that their numbers increase. E.specify incentive-based regulation for endangered species.

require the government to protect the habitat of endangered species so that their numbers increase.

An environmental impact statement must include: A. an ethical analysis of the proposed action. B. short- and long-term effects and any adverse environmental effects. C. solutions to any potentially adverse environmental effects. D. documentation of the financial cost-benefit analysis of the proposed action. E. a description of the solution to any associated environmental controversy.

short- and long-term effects and any adverse environmental effects.