exam 02: devops

true / false: ITIL has a bad rep for being implemented slowly with waterfall-like processes

true

true / false: an organization has to reuse assets, code, and practices to be cost-effective and efficient

true

true / false: devops can be used for large, complex systems

true

true / false: devops is about more than just communication / collaboration

true

true / false: devops is for in- and out-sourced development

true

true / false: if you choose to have environments and associated applications provisioned together, no updates are made to the existing environment

true

true / false: in IaaS, the user is responsible for the installation, patching, and management of the OS, middleware, data, and application

true

true / false: operations teams have always written scripts to manage environments / functions

true

true / false: services as a cloud platform minimizes the environment-related bottlenecks

true

true / false: the IBM SWG team felt it took too long to response to shifts in the market, so their team decided to shorten the delivery cycle from once per year to once every quarter

true

true / false: the test environment management includes infrastructure-as-code technologies

true

true or false: devops isn't the goal, it helps you reach your goals

true

true or false: process adoption should be ongoing

true

software-defined environments

use technologies that define entire systems made up of multiple nodes, not just their configurations

test environment

where the QA, user acceptance, and development / testing teams do the actual testing

devops or ALM change management includes processes that provide ____-____ management for all projects

work-item

two most important types of information that a software delivery team can get

1. data about how customers use the application 2. feedback that those customers provide upon using the application

four adoption paths of dev ops continuous feedback loop

1. develop / test 2. deploy 3. operate 4. steer

principles of devops

1. develop and test against production-like systems 2. deploy with repeatable, reliable processes 3. monitor and validate operational quality 4. amplify feedback loops

three elements to be used in the amplify feedback principle

1. development may act by adjusting its project plans or priorities 2. production may act by enhancing the production environments 3. business may act by modifying its release plans

three goals of continuous integration

1. enable ongoing testing and verification code 2. validate that the code produced and integrated with that of other developers and other components of the application functions and performs as designed 3. continuously test the application being developed

devops provides significant ROI in three areas...

1. enhanced customer experience 2. increased capacity to innovate 3. faster time to value

IBM SWG team's practices for experimentation (8)

1. establish metrics for success/failure 2. tiny tests for small subset of users to determine usefulness 3. run multiple experiments continuously 4. quick, fact-based decisions 5. deliver / experiment faster 6. establish mechanism to enable system-wide experimenting 7. consider different models of experimenting 8. follow two paths simultaneously for related projects

business metrics to measure improvement (4)

1. faster time to delivery 2. improve client satisfaction 3. reduced maintenance spending 4. increased client adoption

continuous integration

a practice in which software developers continuously or frequently integrate their work with that of other members of the development team

systems of engagement

accessible by customers to interact directly with business must be easy to use, high performing, and capable of rapid change

devops applies ____ and ____ principles

agile lean

cloud / physical infrastructure

default scenario, most common workloads and applications run here example: mainframe applications and data heavy system of record apps

true / false: in PaaS, the user is responsible for everything but the data

false the user is only responsible for the data

to deliver an enhanced customer experience, a business must continuously...

obtain and respond to customer feedback

____ in continuous engineering is replaced by hardware

operations

on-premise / off-premise cloud

organization may adopt both (private / public) example: data on private and app / workloads on public

a common practice in lean thinking is A-B testing, which is when...

organizations ask a small group of users to test and rate two or more sets of software that have different capabilities

release management tools allow organizations to...

plan and execute releases

the "one team" approach combines _____ _____, _____, and _____

product management design development

reference architecture

provides a template of a proven solution by using a set of preferred methods and capabilities

continuous monitoring

provides data and metrics to operations, QA, development, lines-of-business personnel, and other stakeholders

retrospective

regular review of: - what went well - what did not go well - actions to be taken

systems of record

traditional software applications that contain massive amounts of data / transactions and are designed to be highly reliable and stable don't need to change often so only one/two new releases per year

organizations want to address (1)_____ and (2)_____

(1) internal business problems or (2) helping end-users

in PaaS, the devops services include... (6)

1. IDE as a service 2. build as a service 3. planning / task management as a service 4. security scanning as a service 5. deploy as a service 6. monitoring and analytics s as a service

to improve timeliness to market, a strategic produce committee was responsible for... (4)

1. allocating funding 2. driving program execution 3. establishing long-term vision 4. prioritizing epics / user stories

why should the first exposure of the application to a production-like system be as early as possible?

1. allows the application to be tested in an environment that's close to the actual production environment 2. allows for the application delivery processes themselves to be tested and validated upfront

three kinds of automation tools available for managing infrastructure as code

1. application- or middleware-centric tools 2. environment and deployment tools 3. generic tools

myriad cloud scenerios (3)

1. cloud / physical infrastructure 2. on-premise and off-premise cloud 3. IaaS and PaaS

two practices of develop / test

1. collaborative development 2. continuous testing

six steps of dev ops continuous feedback loop

1. collaborative development 2. continuous testing 3. continuous release and deployment 4. continuous monitoring 5. continuous customer feedback and optimization 6. continuous business planning

techniques for adopting devops (6)

1. continuous improvement 2. release planning 3. continuous integration 4. continuous delivery 5. continuous testing 6. continuous monitoring and feedback

three tooling and processes that make up the core of devops

1. continuous integration 2. continuous release 3. continuous employment

two practices of the operation adoption path

1. continuous monitoring 2. continuous customer feedback and optimization

four steps for adding features / function to an application

1. craft an experiment ( build) 2. test your hypothesis (users) 3. adopt, correct / pivot (learn) 4. understand your users and form a hypothesis (idea)

four elements of hybrid cloud environments

1. public cloud for development / testing 2. system of engagement apps deployed to cloud environment 3. public PaaS for experimentation with apps and then bring to private 4. app workloads across multiple cloud platforms

challenges of operations deployed on mainframe / midrange systems (5)

1. regulatory hurdles 2. process complexity 3. skills gaps 4. organizational tools 5. platforms and tools that result in long, wasteful release cycles

the IBM SWG team adopted these eight practices for test automation

1. repetitive tests 2. automate areas where there are bugs 3. run automation on every build (early and often) 4. create automation that's resistant to UI 5. make it easy to create and maintain strong feature ownership 6. work automation development work into estimates 7. develop metrics to evaluate whether automation is useful 8. constantly re-evaluate if automation is finding bugs, refactor if not

five approaches of IBM SWG in addressing culture

1. select the right leader 2. involve stakeholders 3. measure improvement / outcomes 4. build momentum with early successes 5. communicate and listen

practices for tools-as-a-service (4)

1. shift-left testing and automate as much as possible 2. use the same deployment mechanisms everywhere 3. strive to maintain a constant state of ship-readiness 4. treat infrastructure as code

IBM SWG team identified these three goals...

1. streamline the process and introduce new methods 2. leverage tools for consistency, scalability, traceability, and metrics 3. evolve culture to always improve

examples of test environments (4)

1. test environment management 2. test data mangement 3. test integration, function, performance, and security 4. service virtualization

three areas of continuous testing

1. test environment provisioning and configuration 2. test data management 3. test integration, function, performance, and security

cloud addresses the mismatch in these five ways...

1. the speed of environment provisioning 2. ability to dynamically provision and de-provision environments 3. ability to leverage define and version environments 4. availability of application deployment automation technologies 5. availability of service virtualization technology

operational metrics to measure improvement (3)

1. time to initiate a project 2. build time 3. iteration test time

IBM SWG team treats infrastructure as code through these six practices

1. treat pattern definitions, script packages, and services as code 2. version everything 3. automate deployment of topology patterns to the cloud 4. manage versions of patterns across multiple cloud environments 5. automate the testing of patterns 6. cleanup catalog resources to avoid sprawl

three categories of inefficiencies in the delivery pipeline

1. unnecessary overhead 2. unnecessary rework 3. over-production

because systems of engagement are used directly by customers, they require intense focus on the devops approach, which consists of... (3)

1. user experience 2. speed of delivery 3. agility

ALM should include these five processes...

1. work-item management 2. configurable work-item workflows 3. project configuration management 4. planning 5. role-based artifact access control

a recent IBM survey found that only __ percent believe that their software development / delivery teams are effective

25

__ percent of transactions touch a mainframe

70

__ percent of the world's corporate data originates on the mainframe

80

___ is the fundamental concept underlying the devops process

ALM

who released their software delivery effort in the open?

IBM SWG

what is the difference between a DE and IDE?

IDE is just tools for writing code DE includes tools for collaborative development

these two frameworks help teams adopt agile and scale

SAFe DAD

_____ _____ has an application model that helps automate the complex deployment of the multiple-tier apps

UrbanCode Deploy

business process

a collection of activities or tasks that produces a specific results for customers

scaled agile framework (SAFe)

a knowledge base of integrated patterns for enterprise-scale lean-agile development

ALM

application lifecycle management

generic tools

aren't specialized for any technology and can be scripted to perform several kinds of tasks

two other names for package repository

asset artifact

devops originated in ____ ____ ____ ____ companies

born on the web

in IaaS, the cloud platform manages the underlying infrastructure and provides you with _____ and ____ that allow you to manage it

capabilities services

environment and deployment tools

capability to deploy both the infrastructure configurations and application code

application- or middleware-centric tools

capable of managing as code both application servers and applications that run on them

devops is characterized by a high degree of ____ across roles

collaboration

steer

continuous business planning incorporating feedback that informs the prioritization of investments and collaborate to execute a continuous delivery model

infrastructure as code

core capability of devops allows organizations to manage the scale and speed at which environments need to be provisioned and configured to enable continuous delivery

software delivery efforts in an enterprise involve large numbers of ____-____ teams

cross-functional

at its root, devops is a ____ ____

cultural movement

devops helps to reconcile competing perspective, helping teams collaboratively establish business goals and implement ____ ____

customer feedback

continuous integration naturally leads to the practice of continuous _____

delivery

the practice that enables release and deploy also enables the creation of a ____ ____

delivery pipeline

the ____ adoption path is where most of the root capabilities of devops originated

deploy

one of the biggest bottlenecks in the delivery pipeline is ____ ____

deploying infrastructure

full stack development is the combination of...

deploying the application configuring the cloud environment

_____ _____ tools are the core tools in the devops space

deployment automation

develop / test forms the core of ____ and ____ ____

development quality assurance

the goal is to allow ____ and ____ ____ teams to develop and test against systems that behave like the production system

development quality assurance

an application's development effort takes place in a ____ ____

development environment

____ and ____ are both catalysts for each other

devops cloud

AB testing is realistic only with ____ and ____ mechanisms

efficient automated

collaborative development

enables practitioners to work together by providing a common set of practices and a common platform they can use to create and deliver software

continuous engineering

evolution into the systems or embedded-devices space

IaaS / PaaS cloud

example: workloads on PaaS and engagement apps on IaaS

if you choose to have a devOps team, the most important goal is to ensure that it _____ _____

facilitates collaboration

true / false: test IFPS should not be integrated with common test asset management tools or repo

false

true or false: in devops, a team should own addressing all devops related problems

false

true / false: devops isn't for regulated industries

false adopting devops actually improves compliance

true / false: no cloud means no devops

false cloud isn't necessary to adopt devops practices as long as the team has efficient processes for resources

true / false: devops means continuous change deployment

false devops is meant to allow organizations to release production when they want, not based on a particular date

true / false: devops isn't for ITIL shops

false information technology infrastructure library is compatible with devops

true / false: the mismatch between development and production environments does not cause significant quality issues

false it can!

true / false: devops is just for development / operations teams

false it's for the whole team, including stakeholders

true or false: devops is only for "born on the web" shops

false large enterprises can use it too!

true false: mobile apps have a lot of business logic on the mobile device itself

false mobile apps have little to no business logic

true / false: devops is operations learning how to code

false operations has always used scripts (might use Ruby)

true / false: the package repository is a common storage mechanism for the binaries created during the development stage

false the BUILD stage

automation is essential to create processes that are ____, ____, and ____ so the organization must create a continuous delivery pipeline

frequent repeatable reliable

in the case of complex systems made up of multiple systems or services, developers regularly...

integrate their work with other systems and services

well-defined processes and automation eliminate the need for long ____ and ____

meetings spreadsheets

devops adoption should include ____-____ teams with the enterprise software development teams

mobile-app

which principle moves monitoring earlier in the life cycle by requiring automated testing?

monitor and validate operational quality

Internet of Things (IoT)

network of inter-connected devices on the internet

netflix has a single ____ team that owns both sets of operations and development teams

noOps

disciplined agile delivery (DAD)

not prescriptive, allow teams customize life cycles, approaches

change management

set of activities designed to control, manage, and track change by identifying the work products that are likely to change

develop and test against production-like systems stems from the devops concept _____ _____ in which operations concerns move earlier in the software delivery life cycle

shift left

efficiency and repetition of best practices lead to ____ development cycles

shorter

if you separate the cloud environment provisioning from application deployment, there is no...

single point of orchestration of cloud environments and the applications that are deployed on them

capabilities that make up devops are a broad set that span the ____ ____ ____

software delivery cycle

organization's failures are often related to challenges in _____ _____ and _____

software development theory

service virtualization

solutions simulate the behavior — functionality and performance — of select components within an application to enable end-to- end testing of the application as a whole

with the advent of virtualization and cloud technologies, _____ and _____ _____ can today be made up of hundreds or even thousands of servers

stage production environments

delivery pipeline

stages an application goes through from development to production

devops spans all ____ in an organization

stakeholders

shift-left testing

stresses integrating development and testing activities to ensure quality is built-in ASAP

supply chain

system of: organizations people technology activities information resources

systems of engagement are often tied to ____ __ ____

systems of record

continuous testing

testing earlier and continuously across the life cycle, which results in reduced costs, shortened testing cycles, and achieved continuous feedback on quality

build stage

the code is compiled to create and unit test the binaries to be deployed

if you don't separate the cloud environment provisioning from application deployment, you leverage...

the deployment automation tool as the single orchestration tool for cloud environment provisioning and application deployment