exam 02: devops
true / false: ITIL has a bad rep for being implemented slowly with waterfall-like processes
true
true / false: an organization has to reuse assets, code, and practices to be cost-effective and efficient
true
true / false: devops can be used for large, complex systems
true
true / false: devops is about more than just communication / collaboration
true
true / false: devops is for in- and out-sourced development
true
true / false: if you choose to have environments and associated applications provisioned together, no updates are made to the existing environment
true
true / false: in IaaS, the user is responsible for the installation, patching, and management of the OS, middleware, data, and application
true
true / false: operations teams have always written scripts to manage environments / functions
true
true / false: services as a cloud platform minimizes the environment-related bottlenecks
true
true / false: the IBM SWG team felt it took too long to response to shifts in the market, so their team decided to shorten the delivery cycle from once per year to once every quarter
true
true / false: the test environment management includes infrastructure-as-code technologies
true
true or false: devops isn't the goal, it helps you reach your goals
true
true or false: process adoption should be ongoing
true
software-defined environments
use technologies that define entire systems made up of multiple nodes, not just their configurations
test environment
where the QA, user acceptance, and development / testing teams do the actual testing
devops or ALM change management includes processes that provide ____-____ management for all projects
work-item
two most important types of information that a software delivery team can get
1. data about how customers use the application 2. feedback that those customers provide upon using the application
four adoption paths of dev ops continuous feedback loop
1. develop / test 2. deploy 3. operate 4. steer
principles of devops
1. develop and test against production-like systems 2. deploy with repeatable, reliable processes 3. monitor and validate operational quality 4. amplify feedback loops
three elements to be used in the amplify feedback principle
1. development may act by adjusting its project plans or priorities 2. production may act by enhancing the production environments 3. business may act by modifying its release plans
three goals of continuous integration
1. enable ongoing testing and verification code 2. validate that the code produced and integrated with that of other developers and other components of the application functions and performs as designed 3. continuously test the application being developed
devops provides significant ROI in three areas...
1. enhanced customer experience 2. increased capacity to innovate 3. faster time to value
IBM SWG team's practices for experimentation (8)
1. establish metrics for success/failure 2. tiny tests for small subset of users to determine usefulness 3. run multiple experiments continuously 4. quick, fact-based decisions 5. deliver / experiment faster 6. establish mechanism to enable system-wide experimenting 7. consider different models of experimenting 8. follow two paths simultaneously for related projects
business metrics to measure improvement (4)
1. faster time to delivery 2. improve client satisfaction 3. reduced maintenance spending 4. increased client adoption
continuous integration
a practice in which software developers continuously or frequently integrate their work with that of other members of the development team
systems of engagement
accessible by customers to interact directly with business must be easy to use, high performing, and capable of rapid change
devops applies ____ and ____ principles
agile lean
cloud / physical infrastructure
default scenario, most common workloads and applications run here example: mainframe applications and data heavy system of record apps
true / false: in PaaS, the user is responsible for everything but the data
false the user is only responsible for the data
to deliver an enhanced customer experience, a business must continuously...
obtain and respond to customer feedback
____ in continuous engineering is replaced by hardware
operations
on-premise / off-premise cloud
organization may adopt both (private / public) example: data on private and app / workloads on public
a common practice in lean thinking is A-B testing, which is when...
organizations ask a small group of users to test and rate two or more sets of software that have different capabilities
release management tools allow organizations to...
plan and execute releases
the "one team" approach combines _____ _____, _____, and _____
product management design development
reference architecture
provides a template of a proven solution by using a set of preferred methods and capabilities
continuous monitoring
provides data and metrics to operations, QA, development, lines-of-business personnel, and other stakeholders
retrospective
regular review of: - what went well - what did not go well - actions to be taken
systems of record
traditional software applications that contain massive amounts of data / transactions and are designed to be highly reliable and stable don't need to change often so only one/two new releases per year
organizations want to address (1)_____ and (2)_____
(1) internal business problems or (2) helping end-users
in PaaS, the devops services include... (6)
1. IDE as a service 2. build as a service 3. planning / task management as a service 4. security scanning as a service 5. deploy as a service 6. monitoring and analytics s as a service
to improve timeliness to market, a strategic produce committee was responsible for... (4)
1. allocating funding 2. driving program execution 3. establishing long-term vision 4. prioritizing epics / user stories
why should the first exposure of the application to a production-like system be as early as possible?
1. allows the application to be tested in an environment that's close to the actual production environment 2. allows for the application delivery processes themselves to be tested and validated upfront
three kinds of automation tools available for managing infrastructure as code
1. application- or middleware-centric tools 2. environment and deployment tools 3. generic tools
myriad cloud scenerios (3)
1. cloud / physical infrastructure 2. on-premise and off-premise cloud 3. IaaS and PaaS
two practices of develop / test
1. collaborative development 2. continuous testing
six steps of dev ops continuous feedback loop
1. collaborative development 2. continuous testing 3. continuous release and deployment 4. continuous monitoring 5. continuous customer feedback and optimization 6. continuous business planning
techniques for adopting devops (6)
1. continuous improvement 2. release planning 3. continuous integration 4. continuous delivery 5. continuous testing 6. continuous monitoring and feedback
three tooling and processes that make up the core of devops
1. continuous integration 2. continuous release 3. continuous employment
two practices of the operation adoption path
1. continuous monitoring 2. continuous customer feedback and optimization
four steps for adding features / function to an application
1. craft an experiment ( build) 2. test your hypothesis (users) 3. adopt, correct / pivot (learn) 4. understand your users and form a hypothesis (idea)
four elements of hybrid cloud environments
1. public cloud for development / testing 2. system of engagement apps deployed to cloud environment 3. public PaaS for experimentation with apps and then bring to private 4. app workloads across multiple cloud platforms
challenges of operations deployed on mainframe / midrange systems (5)
1. regulatory hurdles 2. process complexity 3. skills gaps 4. organizational tools 5. platforms and tools that result in long, wasteful release cycles
the IBM SWG team adopted these eight practices for test automation
1. repetitive tests 2. automate areas where there are bugs 3. run automation on every build (early and often) 4. create automation that's resistant to UI 5. make it easy to create and maintain strong feature ownership 6. work automation development work into estimates 7. develop metrics to evaluate whether automation is useful 8. constantly re-evaluate if automation is finding bugs, refactor if not
five approaches of IBM SWG in addressing culture
1. select the right leader 2. involve stakeholders 3. measure improvement / outcomes 4. build momentum with early successes 5. communicate and listen
practices for tools-as-a-service (4)
1. shift-left testing and automate as much as possible 2. use the same deployment mechanisms everywhere 3. strive to maintain a constant state of ship-readiness 4. treat infrastructure as code
IBM SWG team identified these three goals...
1. streamline the process and introduce new methods 2. leverage tools for consistency, scalability, traceability, and metrics 3. evolve culture to always improve
examples of test environments (4)
1. test environment management 2. test data mangement 3. test integration, function, performance, and security 4. service virtualization
three areas of continuous testing
1. test environment provisioning and configuration 2. test data management 3. test integration, function, performance, and security
cloud addresses the mismatch in these five ways...
1. the speed of environment provisioning 2. ability to dynamically provision and de-provision environments 3. ability to leverage define and version environments 4. availability of application deployment automation technologies 5. availability of service virtualization technology
operational metrics to measure improvement (3)
1. time to initiate a project 2. build time 3. iteration test time
IBM SWG team treats infrastructure as code through these six practices
1. treat pattern definitions, script packages, and services as code 2. version everything 3. automate deployment of topology patterns to the cloud 4. manage versions of patterns across multiple cloud environments 5. automate the testing of patterns 6. cleanup catalog resources to avoid sprawl
three categories of inefficiencies in the delivery pipeline
1. unnecessary overhead 2. unnecessary rework 3. over-production
because systems of engagement are used directly by customers, they require intense focus on the devops approach, which consists of... (3)
1. user experience 2. speed of delivery 3. agility
ALM should include these five processes...
1. work-item management 2. configurable work-item workflows 3. project configuration management 4. planning 5. role-based artifact access control
a recent IBM survey found that only __ percent believe that their software development / delivery teams are effective
25
__ percent of transactions touch a mainframe
70
__ percent of the world's corporate data originates on the mainframe
80
___ is the fundamental concept underlying the devops process
ALM
who released their software delivery effort in the open?
IBM SWG
what is the difference between a DE and IDE?
IDE is just tools for writing code DE includes tools for collaborative development
these two frameworks help teams adopt agile and scale
SAFe DAD
_____ _____ has an application model that helps automate the complex deployment of the multiple-tier apps
UrbanCode Deploy
business process
a collection of activities or tasks that produces a specific results for customers
scaled agile framework (SAFe)
a knowledge base of integrated patterns for enterprise-scale lean-agile development
ALM
application lifecycle management
generic tools
aren't specialized for any technology and can be scripted to perform several kinds of tasks
two other names for package repository
asset artifact
devops originated in ____ ____ ____ ____ companies
born on the web
in IaaS, the cloud platform manages the underlying infrastructure and provides you with _____ and ____ that allow you to manage it
capabilities services
environment and deployment tools
capability to deploy both the infrastructure configurations and application code
application- or middleware-centric tools
capable of managing as code both application servers and applications that run on them
devops is characterized by a high degree of ____ across roles
collaboration
steer
continuous business planning incorporating feedback that informs the prioritization of investments and collaborate to execute a continuous delivery model
infrastructure as code
core capability of devops allows organizations to manage the scale and speed at which environments need to be provisioned and configured to enable continuous delivery
software delivery efforts in an enterprise involve large numbers of ____-____ teams
cross-functional
at its root, devops is a ____ ____
cultural movement
devops helps to reconcile competing perspective, helping teams collaboratively establish business goals and implement ____ ____
customer feedback
continuous integration naturally leads to the practice of continuous _____
delivery
the practice that enables release and deploy also enables the creation of a ____ ____
delivery pipeline
the ____ adoption path is where most of the root capabilities of devops originated
deploy
one of the biggest bottlenecks in the delivery pipeline is ____ ____
deploying infrastructure
full stack development is the combination of...
deploying the application configuring the cloud environment
_____ _____ tools are the core tools in the devops space
deployment automation
develop / test forms the core of ____ and ____ ____
development quality assurance
the goal is to allow ____ and ____ ____ teams to develop and test against systems that behave like the production system
development quality assurance
an application's development effort takes place in a ____ ____
development environment
____ and ____ are both catalysts for each other
devops cloud
AB testing is realistic only with ____ and ____ mechanisms
efficient automated
collaborative development
enables practitioners to work together by providing a common set of practices and a common platform they can use to create and deliver software
continuous engineering
evolution into the systems or embedded-devices space
IaaS / PaaS cloud
example: workloads on PaaS and engagement apps on IaaS
if you choose to have a devOps team, the most important goal is to ensure that it _____ _____
facilitates collaboration
true / false: test IFPS should not be integrated with common test asset management tools or repo
false
true or false: in devops, a team should own addressing all devops related problems
false
true / false: devops isn't for regulated industries
false adopting devops actually improves compliance
true / false: no cloud means no devops
false cloud isn't necessary to adopt devops practices as long as the team has efficient processes for resources
true / false: devops means continuous change deployment
false devops is meant to allow organizations to release production when they want, not based on a particular date
true / false: devops isn't for ITIL shops
false information technology infrastructure library is compatible with devops
true / false: the mismatch between development and production environments does not cause significant quality issues
false it can!
true / false: devops is just for development / operations teams
false it's for the whole team, including stakeholders
true or false: devops is only for "born on the web" shops
false large enterprises can use it too!
true false: mobile apps have a lot of business logic on the mobile device itself
false mobile apps have little to no business logic
true / false: devops is operations learning how to code
false operations has always used scripts (might use Ruby)
true / false: the package repository is a common storage mechanism for the binaries created during the development stage
false the BUILD stage
automation is essential to create processes that are ____, ____, and ____ so the organization must create a continuous delivery pipeline
frequent repeatable reliable
in the case of complex systems made up of multiple systems or services, developers regularly...
integrate their work with other systems and services
well-defined processes and automation eliminate the need for long ____ and ____
meetings spreadsheets
devops adoption should include ____-____ teams with the enterprise software development teams
mobile-app
which principle moves monitoring earlier in the life cycle by requiring automated testing?
monitor and validate operational quality
Internet of Things (IoT)
network of inter-connected devices on the internet
netflix has a single ____ team that owns both sets of operations and development teams
noOps
disciplined agile delivery (DAD)
not prescriptive, allow teams customize life cycles, approaches
change management
set of activities designed to control, manage, and track change by identifying the work products that are likely to change
develop and test against production-like systems stems from the devops concept _____ _____ in which operations concerns move earlier in the software delivery life cycle
shift left
efficiency and repetition of best practices lead to ____ development cycles
shorter
if you separate the cloud environment provisioning from application deployment, there is no...
single point of orchestration of cloud environments and the applications that are deployed on them
capabilities that make up devops are a broad set that span the ____ ____ ____
software delivery cycle
organization's failures are often related to challenges in _____ _____ and _____
software development theory
service virtualization
solutions simulate the behavior — functionality and performance — of select components within an application to enable end-to- end testing of the application as a whole
with the advent of virtualization and cloud technologies, _____ and _____ _____ can today be made up of hundreds or even thousands of servers
stage production environments
delivery pipeline
stages an application goes through from development to production
devops spans all ____ in an organization
stakeholders
shift-left testing
stresses integrating development and testing activities to ensure quality is built-in ASAP
supply chain
system of: organizations people technology activities information resources
systems of engagement are often tied to ____ __ ____
systems of record
continuous testing
testing earlier and continuously across the life cycle, which results in reduced costs, shortened testing cycles, and achieved continuous feedback on quality
build stage
the code is compiled to create and unit test the binaries to be deployed
if you don't separate the cloud environment provisioning from application deployment, you leverage...
the deployment automation tool as the single orchestration tool for cloud environment provisioning and application deployment