Exam 1

In ________ studies, all assessment occurs during the same limited time period. a. Cross-sectional b. Longitudinal c. Confounding d. Long-term

a. Cross-sectional

The Principle of Respect for Persons

Individuals potentially involved in research should be treated as autonomous agents

The Principle of Beneficence

Researcher must take precautions to protect participants from harm and ensure their well being

The principle of Justice

Treat all groups fairly

Which of the following is NOT a suitable reason for using debriefing in a study? a. It prevents researchers from being sued b. It allows researchers to make research an educational experience. c. It gives participants insight into the nature of psychological science. d. It informs participants about the presence and purpose of deception in study.

a. It prevents researchers from being sued

Which of the following is true of the Belmont Report? a. It was written at the request of the US Congress. b. It was written primarily in response to the Milgram obedience studies. c. It was written primarily in response to medical experiments performed in Nazi-occupied Europe. d. It was replaced by the APA guidelines.

a. It was written at the request of the US Congress.

The use of debriefing in a study such as Milgram's obedience study appeals to which principle of the Belmont Report? a. Principle of Beneficence b. Principle of integrity c. Principle of respect for persons d. Principle of justice

a. Principle of Beneficence

In what section of a research article does the researcher defines the formal hypotheses? a. introduction b. method c. results d. discussion

a. introduction

A researcher conducts a survey examining eating and sleeping behavior as well as academic performance for a group of elementary school children. The results of the survey indicate that the children who eat a more nutritious breakfast tend to have better grades than the children who have a breakfast low in nutrition. However, the research suspects that the children's parents may be responsible for this relationship. Specifically, the better-educated parents probably encourage their children to eat better food and work harder in school compared to parents with less education. If the researcher is correct, this is an example of the ________. a. third-variable problem b. directionality problem c. reversal problem d. ​criterion problem

a. third-variable problem

Use the following scenario to answer this questions: Dr. Hines is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter. A sample of 100 households is selected. Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr. Hones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs. After two months, Dr. Hines measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses. In this study, the independent variable is the ________. a. ​brightness of the lights b. ​level of depression c. ​houses with 100-watt bulbs d. ​houses with 60-watt bulbs

a. ​brightness of the lights

Use the following scenario to answer this questions: Dr. Hines is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter. A sample of 100 households is selected. Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr. Hones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs. After two months, Dr. Hines measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses. In this example, the level of depression is the ________ variable. a.​ dependent b. ​extraneous c.​ correlational d. ​independent

a.​ dependent

In a correlational study, commonly, ________. a. one variable is measured per person b. two variables are measured per person c. one individual is described in great detail d. ​one individual is treated

b. two variables are measured per person

Which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was NOT committed in the Tuskegee Study? a. Participants were harmed. b. Participants were not treated respectfully. c. Participants were not given monetary payments for their time. d. Participants were from a disadvantaged social group.

c. Participants were not given monetary payments for their time.

The need to balance the potential costs and benefits to participants taking part in a research study is done to address which principle of the Belmont Report? a. The principle of respect for persons b. The principle of justice c. The principle of Beneficence d. The principle of integrity

c. The principle of Beneficence

In what section of a research article does the researcher provide an interpretation of the results? a. introduction b. method c. results d. discussion

d. discussion