Exam 1 Anatomy

All the following statements "correctly" describes the striated or the skeletal muscles with the exception of

-Produce hormones responsible for controlling blood sugar levels in surrounding tissue. Voluntary muscle, meaning that you control it at will Contracts rapidly, but tires easily relative to other types of muscle Responsible for body motility

The average hearing frequency in humans

20-20000 Hz

The most prominent connective tissue associated with muscles of exhalation

Abdominal aponeurosis

Movement away from midline

Abduction

Middle ear cavity

Air filled space coated with mucous An afferent nerve fiber Located in the petrous portion of temporal lobe Correct! a and c

The term "Condyle" refers to

An elevation or projection of bone and soft tissue that is rounded and has a knuckle like process

The _______ are paired and pyramid shaped cartilage(s) that articulates with the ________ cartilage(s) allowing the _________ to move.

Arytenoids, cricoid, vocal folds

Listed below are functions of the Tympanic Membrane (TM) except:

Boundary between outer and middle ear Comprised of three thin tissues Transmits sound to ossicles of the inner ear ---Lighten the weight of the skull

We can use ___________ to understand the difficulties of breathing in very cold weather.

Charle's law

The _________ are embedded in the aryepiglottic folds and are anterior to the corniculate cartilages.

Cuniform cartilages

The Ossicles and Stapes are joined bones that

Deliver sound vibration to inner ear fluid Maintain balance Protect the inner ear from harmful excessive sound vibrations Correct! a and c

The ________ is an unpaired, leaf shaped cartilage that arises from the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage and serves to protect the larynx during swallowing

Epiglottis

There are three types of epithelial tissue:

Epithelial, Endothelial, and Mesothelioma tissue.

The ___________ is 1/3 cartilage, 2/3s bony meatus and help transmit sound to the middle and inner ear. It also contains small hairs called Cilia

External Auditory Meatus (EAM)

The primary difference between vegetative inhalation and vegetative exhalation

Inhalation is active and exhalation is passive

The following statements about the Cricoid cartilage are FALSE except:

It is paired It comprises the most superior segment of the larynx It is inferior to the 4th tracheal ring Correct! It is taller anteriorly than posteriorly and it is shaped like a ring

The mastoid air cells functions

Lighten the weight of the skull Conduct sound through bone Transfer acoustic energy into mechanical energy Correct! a and b

The largest vertebrae

Lumbar

Towards the midline

Medial

The pectoralis major is/an

Muscle of the upper arm and shoulder

Which of the following sentences are true about respiration for speech?

Muscles of inhalation are used to prevent the restoring forces from collapsing

The substance responsible for giving the muscle its red color is:

Myoglobin

Which statement(s) regarding rest breathing is/are correct?

Occurs when breathing is to maintain life Inhalation is always active and exhalation is passive On e cycle of quiet breathing is 40% inhalation and 60% exhalation ----Correct! All the above

The following statements regarding the ear and hearing are FALSE except:

One cannot hear if Pinna is removed The ear is comprised of 4 part The middle ear contains 4 small bones Correct! The inner ear is important for balance

The Muscle's ____________ is the proximal end, or the end with the last amount of movement

Origin

The hyoid bone:

Paired with the mandible Suspends the larynx Supports the root of the tongue Correct! b and c

The Eustachian tube

Part of the middle ear Also known as the auditory tube Equalizes the air pressure within the middle ear and the atmospheric air Correct! All the above

healthy tempanic membrane is

Pearl-gray colored and somewhat transparent allowing the observer to identify several structures on its opposite side

The structure comprised of the scapula and clavicles

Pectoral girdle

Structure containg the ilium, ischium and pubis

Pelvic girdle

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

Phonation has two phases, prephonatory phase and attack phase. The vocal folds do not completely close during the prephonatory stage The attack phase begins with vocal folds adducted or partially adducted Correct! All the above

The Psychological correlate of the vocal folds vibration expressed in cycles per second.

Pitch

The lungs are attached to the chest wall by

Pleural linkage

All the following sentences regarding muscle tone are "wrong" except:

Posture is maintained by constant and partial muscle contractions. -Muscle tone is completely absent during sleep. - Muscle tone is regulated by the lymphatic system. - Muscle tone is highly increased during coma and loss of consciousness.

All the following are major exhalation muscles except:

Rectus abdominus --- Subcostals External and internal obliques Transverse abdominus

Amount of air remaining in the lungs and airways after maximum exhalation

Residual volume

Anatomic plane that devides the body into left and right parts

Sagital

The three types of vocal attacks are:

Simultaneous vocal, breathy vocal, and glottal attacks.

Anterior attachment of ribs 1-10

Sternum

Towards the top of a structure

Superior

Residual volume

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation

Epithelial migration

The cleansing function occurring in the ear by epithelial skin

The following statements are TRUE regarding the inner ear except:

The inner ear houses the vestibule, semicircular canals and the cochlea The inner ear is housed in the bony labyrinth embedded within the temporal bone. Transforms cilia movement in to signals that are sent to the brain Correct! All of the above

The following statements regarding the laryngeal musculature are TRUE except:

The laryngeal muscles are categorized into two groups, intrensic and extrensic muscles. Intrinsic laryngeal muscles have effect on the movement of the vocal folds Extrinsic laryngeal muscles elevate and depress the larynx Correct! Laryngeal muscles have no attachment points with hyoid bone.

The following statements about the Larynx are TRUE except

The larynx is bound superiorly by the hyoid bone and inferiorly by the cricoid cartilage The larynx is a musculo-cartilaginous structure The larynx forms the border between the upper and lower respiratory tracts Correct! The Larynx is a structure that is comprised of 65% ossified bone since birth

The following is TRUE regarding the middle ear muscles (tympanic muscles) except:

They reduce the intensity or loudness of s They are two, the tensor tympani and stapedius They are pennate muscles, meaning they are attached obliquely to their tendons Correct! All the above

From the 5 intrinsic laryngeal muscles, the following helps in adducting (closing) the vocal folds

Thyroarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids, and interarytenoids

Organ of Corti

Transforms mechanical energy into electromechanical neural energy The end organ of hearing and rests on the Basilar membrane Forms the superior wall of the membranous labyrinth Correct! a and b

The deepest muscle of exhalation

Transverse abdominus

In inhalation, only diaphragm and the external intercostals are considered as major muscles

True

Posterior attachment of all ribs

Vertebral column

The ______ Pleura covers both the right and the left lungs.

Viceral

The combination of Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Tidal Volume (TD)

Vital Capacity (VC)

The following statements regarding phonation are TRUE except:

Vocal folds produce vibration by valving the air flowing from the lungs through the larynx Phonation is a process that requires muscular actions that utilizes aerodynamic forces Correct! During speech, the vocal folds are in an abducted position Valving is the abduction and adduction of the vocal folds

All the following sentences regarding the muscle tissue are correct except

When the muscles are too relaxed the chances of them working optimally are higher.

Most muscles of exhalation are located in the

abdomen

Eternal and internal oblique muscles

abdominal muscles

The _________ is attached to the superior sternum and courses laterally to articulate with scapula

clavicle

Organ of corti is located in

cochlea

The primary difference between speech breathing and rest breathing

controlled exhalation during speech

Away from the body surface

deep

Only unpaired muscle of respiratory system is the

diaphragm

The primary muscle of inhalation

diaphragm

Away from the point of origin

distal

Passive forces contribute primarily to

exhalation

ALL ribs are attached anteriorly to sternum via the Costosternal joint

false

C2 or Axis provides SUPPORT for skull during rotation

false

Gravity has no influence on the efficiency of respiration and posture

false

Human communication in the shape of speech production is a primary physical function of the body

false

Isometric contraction allows the muscles to generate force and movement at the same time.

false

The Bernoulli effect explains how the larynx as a whole moves

false

The Pleural lining provides blood supply for lungs

false

The larynx has ONLY the biological function of facilitating breathing by protecting the airways

false

The suprahyoid muscles are located below the larynx and they help in depressing it

false

The tempanic membrane vibrates as a whole unit

false

We hear when the ear transforms thermal energy into electromechanical energy

false

Relating to the anterior part of the body

frontal

The following statements regarding the rib cage are correct except:

he rib cage is incapable of depression

Muscles of inhalation

increase the size of the thoracic cavity

Below or beneath

inferior

The organ that separates the Upper Respiratory Tract (URT) from the Lower Respiratory Tract (LRT)

larynx

Away from midline

lateral

The inner ear

mplifies sound waves Also known as labyrinth Contains the end organ of two sensory systems: the vistibular system and the auditory system Correct! b and c

ipsilateral

the same side of the body

The _________ is unpaired, has prominent anterior surface comprised of two plates, and its posterior aspect has two sets of horns.

thyroid catilage

The amount of air normally exchanged during one respiratory cycle

tidal volume

The lungs connect to the outside world via:

trachea

Actin and Myosin are found in the Sarcomene

true

All attachment points of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are located within the larynx and they move the vocal folds through actions of adduction, abduction, tension, and relaxation.

true

In a glottal attack, adduction of vocal folds happens before airflow begins and the vocal folds suddenly produce sound

true

The Aryepiglottic folds are produced by membranous lining overlapping muscles and connective tissue

true

The Ilium provides support for the abdominal musculature

true

The human ear is a paired organ which makes sound localization easier.

true

The point of articulation for the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage are located on the lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage

true

The reason you feel dizzy after stepping down from a ferris wheel is because the fluids in the semicercular canals are still in motion keeping the cilia moving and sending signals to the brain

true

The semicircular canals are oriented to three different anatomical positions: posterior, anterior and lateral.

true

Torque, Elasticity, and Gravity all work during exhalation

true

proximal and distal are

used to describe an extremity

Towards the belly

ventral

The amount of air a person can forcibly exhale after maximum inhalation

vital capacity