Exam 1 Chap 3,6,7
A managers duties in an environmental analysis include checking information for _______and resolving _________
Accuracy; Inconsistencies
Which regulatory group is a system of non governmental, independent, local regulatory agencies supported by local businesses?
Better Business Bureau (BBB)
Companies that market products with similar features, benefits, and prices to the same customer group are known as ______ competitors
Brand
Marketers primarily focus their environmental analysis on ______ competitors.
Brand
_______ competitors are the most significant to marketers because buyers see the different products of these firms as direct substitutes for each other.
Brand
When marketers define their target market, they simultaneously establish a set of _______
Competition
A group of protesters carries signs encouraging people to boycott The Farmer's Market, a small grocery store in an urban area. The protesters claim the Farmer's takes unfair advantage of elderly and minority consumers by charging them as much as 20% higher prices than other locations in the suburbs. This protest is considered a part of the _________ movement
Consumerism
Many well-known restaurants and corporations are changing to a completely smoke-free environment, and fewer restaurants offer smoking and nonsmoking sections. These firms are responding to changes in _________
Cultural value
Total buying power declined during periods of __________
Depression
Lindsay was reviewing her bank statement for last month. she had paid her rent, her car payment, electric and phone bills, and made three trips to the grocery. Lindsay had also bought tickets to a Katy Perry concert and new clothes to wear to the concert. The money spent on Lindsay's rent, car, electric and phone bills was likely from her _________ income, while the money spent on the concert tickets and new clothes was from her _________ income
Disposable; Discretionary
The Lazy-Boy Furniture Company collects information about a wide variety of competitive, economic, political, legal and regulatory, technological, and sociocultural forces that affect marketing activities. This process is called:
Environmental Scanning
To monitor changes in the marketing environment effectively, marketers must engage in ________ and ______
Environmental Scanning; Analysis
A marketer's failure to inform customers about changes in the quality of its products does not constitute an ethical issue
False
All marketers interpret laws and regulations conservatively and strictly to avoid violating a law
False
An individual's after-tax income is called his or her discretionary income, which is used for spending and/ or saving
False
An organization's obligation to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society is known as social accountability.
False
Credit increases future buying power
False
Disposable income is used to pay taxes, spend, and save
False
Environmental analysis is the process of collecting information about forces in the marketing environment.
False
Marketing ethics and social responsibility mean the same thing
False
Product competitors provide very different products that solve the same problem or satisfy the same basic customer need
False
Strategic philanthropy involves linking a firm's products to a particular social cause on a short term basis.
False
Technological changes do not directly affect what, how, when, and where products are marketed.
False
The council of BBB and the FTC make up the NARB
False
Of all the federal regulatory units, the _____ most heavily influences marketing activities.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
_______ competitors provide very different products that satisfy the same basic customer need.
Generic
Consumer protection legislation deals with consumer safety, health claims on food packages, information disclosure, and sale of __________
Hazardous products
Which type of competitive structure exists when a firm produces a product that has no close substitutes?
Monopoly
Three primary methods of collecting information for environmental scanning are:
Observations, Secondary sources, and marketing research
The Decca Electric Corporation produces light bulbs that are used in refrigerator manufacturing. Currently, only three other companies produce bulbs used in the production of refrigerators, with Decca having the greatest market share. In this case, Decca Electric Corporation would be considered a(n) ________ competitive structure.
Oligopoly
Marketers who attempt to influence and change the various environmental forces have a (n) __________ response to these forces
Proactive
Toyota, a car manufacturing company, has developed aluminum car bodies that are 100 percent recyclable and light enough to help conserve fuel. What kind of response is this toward environmental forces?
Proactive
_______ competitors are those that compete in the same product class, but their products have different features, benefits, and prices.
Product
Assuming that inflation is low, high buying power characterizes the _______ stage of the business cycle
Prosperity
_________ is the stage of the business cycle where the unemployment rate is low and total income is relatively high.
Prosperity
Changes Salon is part of the hair and personal care service industry. Which type of competitive structure represents this salon?
Pure competition
The broad nature of technology as it moves through society is referred to as _____
Reach
If Silk Soyamilk Corp. engaged in environmental scanning and analysis, it is likely to change its products and marketing strategies to adapt to environmental forces rather than trying to influence these forces. Thus, it can be concluded that this company has a (n) _______ approach to marketing enviromental forces.
Reactive
The strength of a person's "buying power" depends on the economic conditions and ______________________
Size of the resources used for purchase
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have held protests against the sale of coats made of animal furs. PETA's efforts to change shoppers' attitudes represent a __________ force for fur retailers.
Sociocultural
The FTC can issue a cease-and-desist order, which is an injunction to _______________
Stop doing whatever caused the complaint
In today's marketing environment, competitors can take on many forms. For example, Diet Dr. Pepper can be seen as a competitor to a tube of Chapstick. In this circumstances, these two products are described as ___________ competitors
Total budget
Although numerous regulatory forces arise from governmental sources, nongovernmental regulatory forces may also affect marketing decisions
True
An individual can have a high income and very little wealth
True
At the most basic level of marketing citizenship, marketers have an obligation to contribute funds to philanthropic causes
True
Changes in social and cultural values have dramatically influenced people's needs and desires for products
True
Codes of conduct are formalized rules and standards that describe what the company expects of its employees in terms of ethical behavior
True
Economic forces determine the size and strength of demand for products.
True
Four dimensions for social responsibility are legal, ethical, and philanthropic.
True
Many laws that directly influence marketing activities were enacted either to preserve a competitive atmosphere or to protect consumers
True
Monitoring the competitive environment guides marketers in developing competitive advantages.
True
Numerous self- regulatory programs have been created to stop or stall the development of laws and government regulatory groups that would regulate marketing practices.
True
One of the factors that affect willingness to spend is general economic conditions
True
Technology affects the types of products offered to consumers
True
The marketing environment consists of external forces that directly or indirectly influence an organization's acquisition of inputs and generation of outputs
True
The number of firms that control the supply of a product may affect the strength of competition
True
Wealth is an accumulation of past income, natural, and financial resources
True
When a firm continues to violate what the BBB believes to be good business practices, the bureau ____________
Warns the consumer of the unfair practices
Willie is shopping at the local CarMax for a new car and is reading the sticker information on a Mazda sedan. Willie has always thought highly of Mazdas and that they are reliable, sporty, and provide good value for the price point. Jessica, a sales representative at CarMax greets Willie and while talking about cars mentions that Mazda has just been affected by an airbag recall where airbags have failed to deploy during an accident. Willie just nods his head to acknowledge this information from Jessica. If Willie uses selective distortion, which of the following is most likely to occur
Willie believes that the recall situation is positive and shows that Mazda cares about its customers.
TimeWarner Cable uses a segmentation strategy for its cable TV packages based on market characteristics such as age, gender, or income. Which of the following segmentation variables is TimeWarner using? a. Demographic b. Geographic c. Psychographic d. Product-related e. Education
a. Demographic
. Individuals' ability to buy depends on the strength of their buying power. a. True b. False
a. True
. Surveys are sometimes used to forecast sales. a. True b. False
a. True
A company sales forecast is the amount of a product that a company expects to sell during a specific time period at a specified level of marketing activities. a. True b. False
a. True
A company sometimes defines a total market as its target market. a. True b. False
a. True
A market is a group of people who, as individuals, have needs for products in a product class and have the ability, willingness, and authority to purchase such products. a. True b. False
a. True
A market segment profile describes the similarities among potential customers within a segment and explains the differences among people across market segments. a. True b. False
a. True
A market segment profile may cover such aspects as demographic characteristics, geographic factors, product benefits sought, lifestyles, brand preferences, and usage rates. a. True b. False
a. True
A marketer may segment a market in terms of the benefits that customers expect to receive from a particular product. a. True b. False
a. True
Company sales potential is the maximum percentage of market potential that an individual firm within an industry can expect to obtain for a specific product. a. True b. False
a. True
Demographic characteristics are commonly used to segment a market because they are closely related to consumers' product needs and purchasing behavior. a. True b. False
a. True
If long-term prospects look poor, a marketer may ultimately choose not to target a segment because it would be difficult to recoup expenses. a. True b. False
a. True
In a customer forecasting survey, a marketer would question customers about the types and quantities of products they intend to buy during a specific time period. a. True b. False
a. True
Lifestyle analysis focuses on people's activities, interests, and opinions. a. True b. False
a. True
Market segment profiles help determine the most desirable segment or segments in relation to the firm's strengths, weaknesses, objectives, and resources. a. True b. False
a. True
Motives can be used to segment markets. a. True b. False
a. True
One condition for effective segmentation is that at least one segment must have substantial profit potential. a. True b. False
a. True
One problem with using psychographic variables for segmentation purposes is that they are difficult to measure accurately. a. True b. False
a. True
One way marketers can segment business markets is according to their geographic location. a. True b. False
a. True
Segmentation variables are characteristics of individuals, groups, or organizations in a total market. a. True b. False
a. True
The concentrated targeting strategy is one in which an organization directs its marketing efforts toward a single market segment through one marketing mix. a. True b. False
a. True
The four requirements of a market are that the individuals in the market must have a need for the product and the ability, willingness, and authority to buy it. a. True b. False
a. True
The size of the market potential places limits on the size of the company sales potential. a. True b. False
a. True
The sum of firms' marketing efforts equals industry marketing efforts. a. True b. False
a. True
The term market density refers to the number of potential customers per unit of land area, such as per square mile. a. True b. False
a. True
The two general approaches to measuring company sales potential are the breakdown and the buildup approach. a. True b. False
a. True
The undifferentiated strategy can be effective for an organization that has a homogeneous market and can develop and maintain a single marketing mix. a. True b. False
a. True
The ways in which customers use a particular product may be a basis for segmenting the market. a. True b. False
a. True
Trend analysis is a sales forecasting technique that focuses on aggregate sales data over a period of many years to determine general trends in annual sales. a. True b. False
a. True
When a firm's management is making the final selection of specific target markets to enter, it should consider whether the organization has the financial resources, managerial skills, expertise, and facilities needed to effectively compete in the selected segments. a. True b. False
a. True
When evaluating relevant market segments, cost estimates are important to determine if an organization entering a particular segment can operate at costs equal to or below those of competitors. a. True b. False
a. True
Micromarketing is a. a market segmentation approach in which firms focus precise marketing efforts on very small geographic markets. b. developing a very specific marketing mix that will effectively meet the needs of only a small segment of the market. c. marketing efforts that are tightly controlled by high-level executives in the organization. d. a way to segment the market to meet the needs of individuals with the same motives and personality attributes. e. creating advertising that is so specific to a certain type of individual that few people outside that micromarket will respond to the message.
a. a market segmentation approach in which firms focus precise marketing efforts on very small geographic markets.
The sales forecasting method that consists of making a product available to buyers in one or more locations and measuring purchase response is a. a market test. b. regression analysis. c. trend analysis. d. a survey. e. the Delphi technique.
a. a market test.
Budweiser may choose to segment its market based on heavy, moderate, and light drinkers of its alcoholic beverages. This is an example of market segmentation based on a. behavioristic variables. b. benefits. c. lifestyles. d. psychographic variables. e. demographic variables.
a. behavioristic variables.
The manager at a local recreational vehicle store, Off-Road Rage, believes the next two years will be difficult because of an economic recession. Using this forecast, he determines the effect on the industry's market potential and then estimates how his company's potential sales will look based on this outlook. This manager is using a ____ approach to estimating sales potential. a. breakdown b. recessionary c. buildup d. pyramid e. dimensional
a. breakdown
The ability to purchase a product is a function of a. buying power. b. desire. c. willingness. d. authority. e. needs.
a. buying power.
When markets are comprised of people with differing product needs, the marketing manager should use a(n) ____ strategy. a. concentrated or differentiated targeting b. market-intensive c. integrated d. product-oriented e. undifferentiated
a. concentrated or differentiated targeting
Kelly's Kids is a home-based business that sells high-quality children's clothing at premium prices using in-home parties. These in-home parties typically cater to families with small children and middle- to upper-middle-class income. Kelly's Kids is using ____ variables to segment its market. a. demographic b. psychographic c. sociographic d. behavioristic e. geographic
a. demographic
With its Venus razor, Gillette was the first marketer to offer a triple blade razor specifically designed for women. This is an example of market segmentation using ____ variables. a. demographic b. psychographic c. geographic d. family life cycle e. product use
a. demographic
Interior Designs Inc. sells expensive custom-made draperies, bedding, and accessories through sales representatives who are also interior designers. It also has another, slightly less expensive line that it sells through stores such as Nordstrom's and Saks Fifth Avenue. Interior Designs Inc. is most likely using a(n) ____ targeting strategy. a. differentiated b. undifferentiated c. concentrated d. homogeneous e. heterogeneous
a. differentiated
When a company has its sales forecasts prepared by management consultants, economists, or college professors, it is using a(n) a. expert forecasting survey. b. Delphi technique. c. random factor analysis. d. external judgment survey. e. market test.
a. expert forecasting survey.
Population density and city size are ____ variables used for market segmentation. a. geographic b. demographic c. psychographic d. environmental e. geodemographic
a. geographic
Individuals, groups, or organizations with one or more similar characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs are classified as a. market segments. b. heterogeneous markets. c. concentrated markets. d. demographic segments. e. strategic segments.
a. market segments.
A forecasting method that predicts sales based on relationships between past sales and other variables is called a. regression analysis. b. customer forecasting surveys. c. the Delphi technique. d. random factor analysis. e. time series analysis.
a. regression analysis.
The process of dividing a total market into market groups because people within each group have relatively similar product needs is called a. segmentation. b. diversification. c. target marketing. d. concentration. e. customization.
a. segmentation.
A disadvantage of the concentrated targeting strategy is that a. the firm's financial condition is tied to a single and specialized marketing mix. b. large sales volumes cannot be generated. c. production costs may be higher than with other strategies. d. marketing personnel may become dissatisfied with the limited opportunities provided by this approach. e. marketing costs are often higher than for other strategies.
a. the firm's financial condition is tied to a single and specialized marketing mix.
The producers of C & H Cane Sugar sell the product in five-pound bags, one-pound bags, and one-pound boxes. When developing its advertising strategy, C & H will most likely use a(n) ____ approach in defining a target market. a. undifferentiated b. differentiated c. product strategy d. cost-benefit e. demographic
a. undifferentiated
When the needs of individual consumers in a target market for a specific product are similar and the organization can satisfy most customers with a single marketing mix, the best approach to use may be the ____ strategy. a. undifferentiated b. differentiated c. segmented d. concentrated e. heterogeneous
a. undifferentiated
Walmart sells numerous products, including packaged food, produce, automotive maintenance services, eyeglasses, clothing, and toys. Walmart advertises itself as a store where "we save people money so they can live better," focusing on its low prices as the customer's most important need. Walmart's advertising appears to use a(n) _____ strategy to a market that is _____. a. undifferentiated; homogeneous. b. undifferentiated; heterogeneous. c. differentiated; homogeneous. d. homogeneous; differentiated. e. heterogeneous; undifferentiated.
a. undifferentiated; homogeneous.
The three components of ______ are cognitive, affective, and behavioral
attitude
Which of the following is not a requirement or characteristic of a market? a. The ability to purchase a product b. A large number of people or organizations c. The authority to buy a product d. The willingness to use buying power e. The need for a specific product in a specific product category
b. A large number of people or organizations
In your regular goods and services consumption activities, you purchase products for resale and for use in your daily operations. You also purchase products that you will use to produce other products. Based on this information, which of the following best describes the type of market you are part of? a. B2C market b. Business market c. Consumer market d. Distributor market e. Reseller market
b. Business market
The ProMark Company manufactures a pencil that is about five inches long and has no eraser. It sells the product primarily to golf courses and universities. What type of targeting strategy is the ProMark Company using? a. Extensive b. Concentrated c. Undifferentiated d. Intensive e. Differentiated
b. Concentrated
Intuition and expediency are primary characteristics of which of the following sales forecasting methods? a. Surveys b. Executive judgment c. Cycle analysis d. Market tests e. Industry indicators
b. Executive judgment
What is the main problem with using a market test as a forecasting tool? a. Difficult to interpret b. Expensive c. Inaccurate d. Unacceptable to consumers e. Overused
b. Expensive
A differentiated targeting strategy is when the organization targets two or more markets by developing a single marketing mix. a. True b. False
b. False
A firm ordinarily uses the same sales forecasting method for determining short-range and long-range sales forecasts. a. True b. False
b. False
A market segment profile deals primarily with demographic characteristics. a. True b. False
b. False
A market segment profile provides customers with an understanding of how a business can use its capabilities. a. True b. False
b. False
A marketer can use regression analysis techniques to predict the sales of new products. a. True b. False
b. False
A person who has buying power also has the authority to buy. a. True b. False
b. False
A segmentation variable is used to group smaller markets into one larger market. a. True b. False
b. False
An undifferentiated targeting strategy does not target a single market with one marketing mix. a. True b. False
b. False
Consideration of the firm's overall objectives usually does not influence the final selection of a target market segment. a. True b. False
b. False
Customer forecasting surveys as a means of forecasting sales are not appropriate for a firm that has relatively few customers. a. True b. False
b. False
During the evaluation of relevant market segments, competitive assessment is used primarily to determine the possibility of additional competitors entering particular segments. a. True b. False
b. False
Family life cycle is a psychological dimension used for segmenting markets. a. True b. False
b. False
In developing a company sales forecast, the forecasting methods are limited to surveys and correlation methods. a. True b. False
b. False
It is likely that during the fifth step of the target market selection process, marketers will decide not to enter and compete in any market segments. a. True b. False
b. False
Lifestyle is a product-related variable. a. True b. False
b. False
Market potential is the amount of a product that an organization could sell during a specified time period. a. True b. False
b. False
Only one variable can be used to segment a market. a. True b. False
b. False
Sales forecasts are always long-range in nature. a. True b. False
b. False
The executive judgment method of sales forecasting is very accurate in predicting future sales. a. True b. False
b. False
The five-step process usually used for target market selection includes identifying the appropriate targeting strategy, determining which segmentation variables to use, developing market segment profiles, evaluating relevant market segments, and deciding which targeting strategy to use. a. True b. False
b. False
The information yielded by market segment profiles usually is not very useful later in the marketing process. a. True b. False
b. False
The types of surveys used to forecast sales are customer, executive, and competitor surveys. a. True b. False
b. False
There are only two basic strategies for selecting target markets: the undifferentiated targeting strategy and the concentrated targeting strategy. a. True b. False
b. False
Through market tests, a forecaster gains data regarding consumers' intended purchases. a. True b. False
b. False
The target market selection process involves _______ steps. The first step is ____________, and the last step is _____________. a. Five; Select the target market; Identify the targeting strategy b. Five; Identify the targeting strategy; Select the target market c. Six; Select the target market; Evaluate the potential of the target market d. Five; Determine segmentation variables; Select the target market e. Six; Develop market segment profiles; Select the target market
b. Five; Identify the targeting strategy; Select the target market
Subaru is producing a new seven-passenger van with all-wheel drive. Which of the following would be the best variables for segmenting the market for this new model? a. Gender and age b. Geographic location and family life cycle c. Income and geographic location d. Family life cycle and income e. Geographic location and gender
b. Geographic location and family life cycle
____ describe the similarities among potential customers within a market segment and explain the differences among people in different market segments. a. Market segmentation variables b. Market segment profiles c. Segmentation grids d. Market differentiation indexes e. Market concentrations
b. Market segment profiles
The Sara Lee Company is attempting to forecast sales for a new ice cream cake. To come up with an accurate forecast, Sara Lee places the product in Atlanta supermarkets for a period of four months. In this instance, Sara Lee is using which forecasting method? a. Time series analysis b. Market test c. Executive judgment d. Regression analysis e. Survey
b. Market test
A widely used system for classifying individuals on the basis of lifestyle is a. CMSA. b. PRIZM. c. CMSA. d. LIFO. e. Prospect Zone.
b. PRIZM.
Which of the following variables would most likely be used to segment a business market? a. An attitude of the company's CEO b. The geographic location of the company c. The lifestyle of the company's buying agent d. Net income generated by the company e. Common opinions of the company's employees
b. The geographic location of the company
Which of the following is the biggest drawback to using psychographic variables? a. They are very costly to collect. b. They are difficult to measure. c. They give poor information about consumer needs. d. They do not reflect socioeconomic characteristics of consumers. e. The resulting segments are difficult to be reached.
b. They are difficult to measure.
Which of the following statements about market segment profiles is true? a. They can be used to calculate a lifetime value for each customer in a segment. b. They are used to describe differences among people in different market segments. c. They can only deal with demographic characteristics. d. They provide marketers with a cost estimate for serving potential customer groups. e. They cannot be used to describe similarities among potential customers.
b. They are used to describe differences among people in different market segments.
Often, the Delphi technique is used in conjunction with an expert forecasting survey. The major objective is to a. allow an opportunity to obtain diverse expert opinions. b. allow experts to work separately to reach a consensus as to their forecasts. c. reach an accurate sales forecast through the use of multiple sales forecasting techniques. d. determine if the expert forecasting survey is superior to regression analysis. e. assess the extent to which this year's sales forecast is more accurate than that of previous years.
b. allow experts to work separately to reach a consensus as to their forecasts.
Variables such as geographic location, type of organization, customer size, and type of product usage are used to segment ____ markets. a. consumer b. business c. government d. international e. most target
b. business
When selecting specific target markets, a firm should a. revert to an undifferentiated approach if the market is deemed heterogeneous. b. choose the segments most in line with the firm's objectives and long-term growth. c. choose all segments that are determined to be profitable for the organization. d. choose the minimum number of segments necessary to achieve company sales potential. e. pick the segments with the best sales forecasts for the upcoming period of time.
b. choose the segments most in line with the firm's objectives and long-term growth.
Several conditions must exist for market segmentation to be successful. These conditions include all of the following except a. the total market should be divided so that segments can be compared on sales potential, costs, and profits. b. customers' needs for the product must be homogeneous. c. the company must be able to reach the chosen segment with a particular marketing mix. d. segments must be identifiable and divisible. e. at least one segment must have enough profit potential to justify developing and maintaining a special marketing mix for that segment.
b. customers' needs for the product must be homogeneous.
Procter & Gamble markets Cheer detergent to young singles and couples and Tide detergent to families. Procter & Gamble is using a(n) ____ targeting strategy for laundry detergents. a. multiuse b. differentiated c. stratified d. undifferentiated e. concentrated
b. differentiated
The purpose of market segmentation is to a. differentiate products. b. divide a total market to enable a marketer to develop a more precise marketing mix. c. reduce the overall cost of marketing activities. d. identify a single marketing mix that will be satisfactory for the general market. e. meet the needs of homogeneous markets.
b. divide a total market to enable a marketer to develop a more precise marketing mix.
Systems such as PRIZM and Acorn provide companies with lifestyle and demographic information about neighborhoods throughout the United States. This information is used to aid a. behavioristic segmentation. b. geodemographic segmentation. c. market density analysis. d. demographic segmentation. e. geographic segmentation.
b. geodemographic segmentation.
The primary advantage of a concentrated targeting strategy is a. it meets the needs of a wide range of consumers. b. it allows a firm to specialize to meet specific customer needs. c. it is more flexible than any other approach. d. it is the least risky targeting approach. e. its customers are the most willing to repurchase the same brands.
b. it allows a firm to specialize to meet specific customer needs.
Eighteen-year-old students do not form a market for alcoholic beverages because they a. lack sufficient buying power to form a market. b. lack the authority to purchase this type of product. c. do not want to purchase this type of product. d. do not have sufficient experience with this type of product. e. lack the money to purchase this type of product.
b. lack the authority to purchase this type of product.
General Electric calculates that the total number of light bulbs sold to consumers in the next year by all light bulb producers is 1 billion, given anticipated marketing efforts by the firms involved. This figure represents the industry's a. sales potential. b. market potential. c. target growth rate. d. sales forecast. e. sales objective.
b. market potential.
Any group of people who, as individuals or as organizations, have needs for products in a product class and who have the ability, willingness, and authority to buy such products is a(n) a. business market. b. market. c. undifferentiated market d. segmented market e. market variable
b. market.
If a company segments its market on the basis of their reasons for purchasing a particular product, the primary segmentation variable in use is a. lifestyle. b. motives. c. personality. d. benefit expectations. e. personality attributes.
b. motives.
Which of these statements is not true about business markets? a. the purchase may be made to resell the item b. the purchase is always made by more than one individual c. the purchase may be made to use in general daily operations d. the purchase may be made to use in production of another product e. they can also be referred to as organizational markets
b. the purchase is always made by more than one individual
Dell segments its business markets into small business, corporate, government agencies, K-12 schools, and higher education institutions. The primary segmentation variable used in this example is a. geographic location. b. type of organization. c. secondary product use. d. customer size. e. market potential.
b. type of organization.
If Morton Salt saw all table salt customers as pretty much alike and thus offered only one marketing mix, it would be using the ____ strategy. a. directed b. undifferentiated c. segmented d. differentiated e. product-use
b. undifferentiated
Volkswagen markets its Routan to large families, its R32 racecar to men, and its Jetta to young singles. What targeting approach is Volkswagen using? a. Concentrated b. Strategic c. Differentiated d. Undifferentiated e. Multisegmented
c. Differentiated
Many marketers are concerned about the number of potential customers within a certain area of land because of the different requirements to serve dissimilar areas. What is this segmentation variable called? a. Micromarketing b. Population c. Market density d. MSA e. PMSA
c. Market density
Why would a company use the undifferentiated strategy? a. The needs of individual consumers are dissimilar, and distinctive marketing mixes are required to satisfy them. b. The undifferentiated strategy is the one strategy that provides maximum satisfaction to the whole market. c. The needs of individual consumers in the target market for a specific product are similar, so the organization can satisfy most customers with a single marketing mix. d. The undifferentiated strategy is expensive to implement but tends to produce the most sales. e. When a market is made up of individuals or organizations with diverse need for products in a specific product class.
c. The needs of individual consumers in the target market for a specific product are similar, so the organization can satisfy most customers with a single marketing mix.
The marketer uses segmentation variables to divide a market into segments. All of the following statements are true about segmentation variables except: a. The variables should be related to the customer's needs relative to the product being marketed. b. The variables must be measurable. c. The variables should be based solely on demographic characteristics. d. The variables should be related to the customer's behavior relative to the product being marketed. e. The variables should be related to the customer's uses of the product being marketed.
c. The variables should be based solely on demographic characteristics.
Brian works for a manufacturer of sports equipment and is currently developing a company sales forecast for golf clubs. While reviewing data, he discovered a pattern in sales volume over the past ten years that peaked during two months of each year. Brian likely used which sales forecasting technique? a. the Delphi technique b. Executive judgment c. Time series analysis d. Market tests e. Regression analysis
c. Time series analysis
Crest toothpaste is available in several different versions, such as Crest Whitening, Crest Tartar Control, Crest Whitening with mouthwash, and Crest Total Effects. Given these different variations of the product, it appears that the marketers of Crest are segmenting the market by using ____ segmentation. a. behavioristic b. product usage c. benefit d. end-purpose e. advantage
c. benefit
The maximum percentage of market potential that an individual firm can expect to obtain for a specific product is the a. sales forecast. b. market potential. c. company sales potential. d. company sales objective. e. market share goal.
c. company sales potential.
After a firm has identified an appropriate targeting strategy, the next step in the target market selection process is a. determining the demographic variables of the target market. b. developing market segment profiles. c. determining which segmentation variables to use. d. selecting specific target markets. e. evaluating relevant market segments.
c. determining which segmentation variables to use.
Smart Balance produces a line of milk products that are lactose-free. The milk comes in pint, quart, and half-gallon cartons, as well as 16-ounce glass bottles. Smart Balance sells its pint cartons to school systems, its quart and half-gallon cartons to grocery stores, and its glass bottles to vending machine operators. Smart Balance appears to use a(n) _____ strategy in marketing its product to a target market that is likely to be _______. a. undifferentiated; homogeneous b. undifferentiated; heterogeneous c. differentiated; homogenous d. differentiated; heterogeneous e. concentrated; heterogeneous
c. differentiated; homogenous
Mattel views the toy market as composed of four age groupings, each with different needs and desires. Mattel is using a(n) ____ targeting strategy for its groups, which are known as _____. a. undifferentiated market; market segments b. undifferentiated market; heterogeneous. c. differentiated; market segments. d. differentiated; the marketing mix. e. concentrated market; heterogeneous.
c. differentiated; market segments.
Justin Franklin's company is interested in locating areas where the average income is high, the average age range is 25-35 years, and the lifestyles of the people involve extreme adventures and dangerous leisure activities. His company would most likely find possible markets through a. U.S. Census Bureau information. b. geographic segmentation variables. c. geodemographic segmentation. d. climate information. e. psychographic segmentation.
c. geodemographic segmentation.
The first step in the target market selection process is a. determining which segmentation variables to use. b. selecting specific target markets. c. identifying an appropriate targeting strategy. d. evaluating relevant market segments. e. developing market segment profiles.
c. identifying an appropriate targeting strategy.
Demographic variables such as income and occupation, as well as how people spend their time and the importance of things in their surroundings, are all factors considered in ____ segmentation. a. psychographic b. social class c. lifestyle d. personality e. family life cycle
c. lifestyle
Family life cycle is most typically based on a. income. b. geographic location. c. marital status and age of children. d. occupation. e. buying power.
c. marital status and age of children.
Bethlehem Steel provides steel for a variety of uses to its various customers. Customers have different needs for the steel and thus Bethlehem has to prepare the raw steel differently depending on how customers will use it in their production processes. The primary business segmentation variable in this example is a. geographic location. b. customer size. c. product use. d. customer importance. e. organization classification.
c. product use.
The sales prediction technique based on the correlation between sales and other factors⎯such as population density, per capita income, or family size⎯is a. executive judgment. b. time series analysis. c. regression analysis. d. a market test. e. an expert survey.
c. regression analysis.
When evaluating market segments, assessment of competitors is important because a. it is difficult to segment a market when it has multiple competitors. b. an absence of competitors usually creates difficulties in accurately measuring segment sales potential. c. sales estimates may cause a segment to appear to be lucrative, but there may be several competitors that together have a large share of that segment. d. a competitive analysis may lead to confusion as to who are the key competitors. e. competition is generally not a major problem as long as a marketer is aware of it.
c. sales estimates may cause a segment to appear to be lucrative, but there may be several competitors that together have a large share of that segment.
Guess? will be spending $22 million on marketing activities next year and expects to sell 30 million pairs of jeans. These 30 million pairs represent the company's a. sales potential. b. market potential. c. sales forecast. d. market sales. e. selected market.
c. sales forecast.
Characteristics of individuals, groups, or organizations that are used for dividing a total market into smaller homogeneous groups are called ____ variables. a. marketing b. classification c. segmentation d. stratification e. dividing
c. segmentation
The buildup approach measure of sales potential a. starts with broad estimates of general economic activity. b. ends with an estimate of a single firm's sales of a specific product. c. starts with forecasts about demand for a specific product within a relatively small area. d. does not use sales estimates. e. is seldom employed by industrial firms.
c. starts with forecasts about demand for a specific product within a relatively small area.
Generally speaking, individuals who are unemployed would not be considered a target market for lawn care services because a. they would not desire such products. b. they would not be willing to purchase such products. c. they would not have the ability to purchase such products. d. such markets are narrowly defined geographically. e. they would not be authorized to purchase such products.
c. they would not have the ability to purchase such products.
Anna recently purchased a Keurig coffee maker and thought she would really enjoy the variety of using different K-cups for tea, coffee, or hot chocolate. However, she's wondering whether she should have purchased an espresso machine instead of the Keurig. What phenomenon is Anna experiencing?
cognitive dissonance
Devon recently purchased a new XBox system but his friend, Colin has a new Playstation system and really likes it. Devon is wondering whether or not she made the right choice in purchasing the XBox system. Devon is experiencing
cognitive dissonance
Shari is a sales representative for a global chemical supply firm. She recently signed a contract with a consumer goods manufacturer and the first shipment of chemicals arrived at the company's manufacturing plant. Shari contacted her customer to check to see if the customer had any questions or problems with the shipment. Shari also reminded the customer about how the chemical company is highly regarded as one of the best companies in the industry and will do everything they can to make sure customers are happy. What phenomenon is Shari trying to prevent by contacting her customer?
cognitive dissonance
Jackson enjoys cycling and is in the market for a new bicycle. He's fairly knowledgeable about bikes and knows most of the major brands such as Trek, Cannondale, Specialized, and Giant and will likely purchase one of these brands. These four brands are part of Jackson's _________ set.
consideration
Brandon is shopping for a new convertible and is considering an Audi, BMW, Mercedes Benz, or Porsche. These four brands make up Brandon's
consideration set
Shaun is going shopping with his dad to buy his first baseball glove for Little League. He listens to his dad talk to the salesperson at the sporting goods store, watches him examine the stitching in the glove, and then rubs his finger over the leather palm. Shaun's observations are part of his _____.
consumer socialization
Social influences are forces that other people exert on buying behavior and are divided into five major groups including family, roles, opinion leaders/reference groups, social class, and
culture/subculture
You have just been promoted to vice president of marketing for your firm. Unlike your predecessor, you believe the firm can increase its sales in a market by focusing on more than one segment of the market. You recognize to do this means your firm will incur higher production costs. Based on this information, which of the following targeting strategies are you advocating? a. A concentrated targeting strategy b. An undifferentiated targeting strategy c. A broad-based targeting strategy d. A differentiated targeting strategy e. A heterogeneous targeting strategy
d. A differentiated targeting strategy
The Pillsbury company defines all individual consumers who are purchasers of flour as its target market. It also defines all businesses who purchase flour as its target market. What targeting strategy would be most appropriate in this case? a. Concentrated b. Undifferentiated c. Wide appeal d. Differentiated e. Clustered
d. Differentiated
Which of the following products is most likely to have its market segment based on age? a. Nike shoes b. Lipton Iced Tea c. Bic pens d. Legos e. Carpet
d. Legos
Seventh Generation is a company producing products that limit the amount of negative impact on the environment. Their product line includes dishwashing liquid, toilet paper, paper towels, baby wipes, and laundry detergent, to name a few. Seventh Generation is now interested in producing a new line of clothing; mostly t-shirts, shorts, and long pants for both men and women. Their research indicates that they should use psychographic segmentation in their marketing strategy. Which group of segmentation variables will Seventh Generation be using? a. Geographic location b. Age, sex, and socioeconomic characteristics c. Social class variables d. Personality characteristics, motives, and lifestyles e. Family life cycle, social class, and religion
d. Personality characteristics, motives, and lifestyles
Which of the following is not one of the major categories of consumer market segmentation variables? a. Demographic characteristics b. Geographic variables c. Psychographic dimensions d. Situational variables e. Behavioristic characteristics
d. Situational variables
Which of the following statements about the undifferentiated targeting strategy is false? a. The undifferentiated targeting strategy should be used when the needs of individual customers are similar. b. The undifferentiated targeting strategy uses one promotional program aimed at everyone in the target market. c. The undifferentiated targeting strategy is good for use with staple items, such as sugar and salt. d. The undifferentiated targeting strategy uses multiple distribution systems to best reach individuals in the target market. e. The opposite of the undifferentiated targeting strategy is the differentiated targeting strategy.
d. The undifferentiated targeting strategy uses multiple distribution systems to best reach individuals in the target market.
Which of the following is an example of a behavioristic segmentation variable? a. Family size b. Climate c. Age d. Usage rate e. Personality characteristics
d. Usage rate
Alli segments its diet pills based on those who have morning cravings, those who tend to overeat near the end of the day, those who need all day long appetite suppression, and those who want appetite control and more energy. This is an example of market segmentation based on variables of a. demographics. b. lifestyles. c. psychographics. d. behavior. e. personality characteristics.
d. behavior.
If Baskin-Robbins calculates that it could sell up to 25 percent of all ice cream cones sold in the United States, this percentage would represent the ice cream marketer's a. target growth rate. b. sales forecast. c. sales objective. d. company sales potential. e. market potential.
d. company sales potential.
A targeting strategy in which an organization targets a single market segment using one marketing mix is called a(n) ____ strategy. a. selective b. focused c. differentiated d. concentrated e. undifferentiated
d. concentrated
If Georgia-Pacific, a producer of home siding, decking, and other wood products, focused its marketing efforts to home construction companies only, it would be using a(n) ____ strategy. If it sold the same products to both construction companies and DIY retailers such as Home Depot, it would be using a(n) ____ strategy. a. undifferentiated; undifferentiated b. undifferentiated; differentiated c. differentiated; multisegmented d. concentrated; differentiated e. concentrated; concentrated
d. concentrated; differentiated
A marketer that targets customers based on marital status and the presence and age of children is using a. behavioristic segmentation. b. lifestyle variables. c. psychographic variables. d. family life cycle. e. phase of life segmentation.
d. family life cycle.
Mia is pet-sitting for a friend's dog while he is on vacation. Her friend has given Mia all sorts of information, including the veterinarian's name and phone number, pet emergency center location, and the dog's favorite bedtime snack. The first evening of the vacation, Mia realizes that her friend did not bring the dog's food over, and she has no idea what the dog eats. Her friend's cell phone is "out of range" at the moment, so Mia must go to the grocery store and shop for dog food, even though she has never bought it before now. In this case, even though Mia is not a dog owner, she is likely to be part of the market for dog food for all of the following reasons except _______. a. she has the authority to purchase the dog food. b. she possesses the buying power for purchasing dog food. c. she has the need or desire for dog food. d. her ability to purchase the dog food is questionable. e. she is willing to use her buying power.
d. her ability to purchase the dog food is questionable.
Which of the following products is most likely to be marketed, using an undifferentiated approach? a. bicycle b. computer c. notebook d. seasoning salt e. oscillating fan
d. seasoning salt
Frito-Lay Snack Foods is currently conducting market segmentation studies. For several segments, they have completed competitive assessments and cost estimates. The next major step they must take is to a. determine which segmentation variables to use. b. develop market segment profiles. c. identify the appropriate targeting strategy. d. select specific target markets. e. develop sales forecasts.
d. select specific target markets.
The final step in the target market selection process is a. implementing the appropriate marketing mix for the target market. b. evaluating relative market segments. c. eliminating market segments that are cost prohibitive. d. selecting specific target markets. e. revising the final segmentation variables based on target selection.
d. selecting specific target markets.
Estimating the cost of entering a market and focusing on a specific target segment is important because a. cost estimates are crucial to estimating sales potential accurately. b. higher costs will keep other potential competitors from entering that particular segment. c. customers are more likely to be attracted to marketers that invest heavily in the target segment. d. the organization's marketers need to know if they can reach the segment at costs equal to or below competitors' costs. e. higher cost generally ensures long-term success.
d. the organization's marketers need to know if they can reach the segment at costs equal to or below competitors' costs.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a consumer market? a. it consists of purchasers who intend to consume or benefit from the purchased products b. they do not buy products for the main purpose of making a profit c. they are sometimes referred to as B2C markets d. their purchasing decisions are always made by only one individual e. they may buy the product, but not use it themselves
d. their purchasing decisions are always made by only one individual
The forecasting techniques that assume past sales patterns will continue into the future are all variations of a. regression analysis. b. random factor analysis. c. seasonal analysis. d. time series analysis. e. past sales forecasting surveys.
d. time series analysis.
When a firm designs a single marketing mix and directs it at an entire market for a particular product, the company is using a(n) ____ strategy. a. concentrated targeting b. differentiated c. heterogeneous market d. undifferentiated e. single mix
d. undifferentiated
When using personality characteristics as a market segmentation variable, marketers generally a. conduct personality assessments of their potential target market to determine which personality characteristics they possess. b. use research developed by clinical psychologists to determine which personality characteristics consumers using their products are most likely to have. c. use generic characteristics that all members of the population have. d. use a positively viewed characteristic they assume much of their target market has or would like to have. e. conduct a series of focus groups to determine both the positive and negative characteristics members of their target market are perceived to have.
d. use a positively viewed characteristic they assume much of their target market has or would like to have.
Through marketing newsprint to newspaper publishers and glass manufacturers that use it in packing, International Paper segments its market based on a. customer size. b. psychographics. c. demographics. d. use of product. e. geographic location.
d. use of product.
Prodigy Placement is a private elementary school located in the center of Manhattan. Students at the school are considered in the top 1% of their age group in terms of IQ scores and aptitude. Parents who want to send their children to the school must get on a waiting list as soon as the child is 12 months old and must make a deposit of $5,000 to the school in order to hold the child's "application" until they reach the age of 5 years. Emma's parents put her on the waiting list at the age of 1 year and paid the deposit; however, when Emma became five years old, she did not want to attend the school even though she tested above the requirement. Her parents made the decision to enroll her for the upcoming school year. In this case, Emma ___ part of the market for Prodigy Placement, and her parents ____ part of the market a. was; were; because Emma needed to attend school. b. was; were; because Emma had the authority to attend the school. c. was; were; because they had the authority. d. was not; were; because Emma lacked the desire. e. was not; were; because Emma lacked willingness.
d. was not; were; because Emma lacked the desire.
You have been invited to attend a meeting of a special interest group that a good friend is a part of. You accept the invitation and agree to attend the group's next meeting. After attending the meeting, you realize you are passionately opposed to everything the group stands for. You tell your friend you never want to attend another meeting or associate with anyone who is a part of that group. However, you will make a special allowance for your friend. In terms of social influences, which of the following terms best describes the group as it relates to you?
dissociative reference group
Which of the following forecasting methods is least dependent on historical sales data? a. Regression analysis b. Trend analysis c. Time series analysis d. Cycle analysis e. A market test
e. A market test
Katy Ramirez is a marketer for a company that produces in-ground swimming pools. When forecasting company sales, she finds a direct association between past sales and per capita income. Which sales forecasting technique is Katy using? a. The Delphi technique b. Executive judgment c. Time series analysis d. Market tests e. Regression analysis
e. Regression analysis
Market segment profiles are used to describe _____________ members of a market segment, and to explain ______________members in separate market segments. a. Differences between; Similarities among b. Differences between; Differences between c. Similarities among; Similarities among d. Preferences among; Preferences among e. Similarities among; Differences between
e. Similarities among; Differences between
In order for the marketer to achieve effective market segmentation, which of the following conditions must exist: a. The segments must be small enough to manage effectively. b. It must be possible to do a regression analysis on potential segments. c. Consumers' needs for the product must be homogeneous. d. The firm must be able to sell effectively to the chosen segment with a specific sales price. e. The segment must have enough profit potential to justify the development of a special marketing mix for the segment.
e. The segment must have enough profit potential to justify the development of a special marketing mix for the segment.
When a business has a relatively small number of customers, a preferred method of forecasting is a. regression analysis. b. trend analysis. c. the Delphi technique. d. a market test. e. a customer forecasting survey.
e. a customer forecasting survey.
Yvonne and Garret are looking at information about how their organization's products could fit potential customers' needs. This information deals with demographic characteristics, product benefits sought, lifestyles, geographic factors, brand preferences, and usage rates. They are most likely looking at a. the sales force survey results. b. the results of sales forecasting. c. a market trend analysis. d. a market segmentation discrimination analysis. e. a market segment profile.
e. a market segment profile.
A business advantage of the concentrated targeting strategy for any company is that it a. requires less market research and information. b. requires less intensive analysis of customers' characteristics and needs. c. allows a firm to utilize all of its production capacity. d. maintains the firm's flexibility in moving into other market segments. e. allows a firm to develop a special marketing mix for a single market segment.
e. allows a firm to develop a special marketing mix for a single market segment.
. The Gap has recently produced a new line of athletic wear that closely competes with a designer label in its quality, utility, and appearance. However, it is about half the cost of the designer brand. Product managers for The Gap line plan to use price sensitivity, brand loyalty, and end use as variables to segment their target market. These are all _______ variables for market segmentation. a. psychographic b. usage c. demographic d. lifecycle e. behavioristic
e. behavioristic
Alex Wren of Owens Corning Fiberglass talks to Terry Jones, a homebuilder, to find out how much fiberglass insulation he intends to use in building homes during the next year. Albert then multiplies that number by the total number of builders in the territory. He is using a ____ approach to measure sales potential. a. multivariable b. use of product c. breakdown d. regression e. buildup
e. buildup
Using the breakdown approach to sales potential, estimates are made a. by referring to specific geographic factors. b. by establishing levels of marketing effort that will be required to achieve specific levels of sales. c. without reference to industry marketing efforts. d. without reference to general economic conditions. e. by starting with general economic conditions.
e. by starting with general economic conditions.
Tiffany's markets its exclusive jewelry and gifts to high-income individuals interested in high-quality products and a well-known brand name. It uses the same marketing mix to reach this market. Tiffany's uses a(n) ____ strategy. a. undifferentiated b. differentiated targeting c. exclusive targeting d. heterogeneous e. concentrated targeting
e. concentrated targeting
Segmentation variables are usually grouped into four categories: a. demographic, geographic, religion, and income. b. geopolitical, income, behavioristic, and psychographic. c. attitudes, lifestyles, behaviors, and gender. d. geographic, demographic, psychographic, and attitudes. e. demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioristic.
e. demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioristic.
After an organization has determined which of the many segmentation variables it will use, the next step in the target market selection process is a. evaluating each of the relevant market segments. b. selecting the specific target markets. c. reviewing the appropriate marketing strategy. d. analyzing the interaction between segmentation variables. e. developing market segment profiles.
e. developing market segment profiles.
If Campbell were to offer single serving "Soup for One" packages to household markets, it would be using segmentation based on a. income. b. age. c. preferences. d. geographic considerations. e. family life cycle.
e. family life cycle.
Alpine Ski Shops is looking for new markets for both its brick and mortar retail stores and its catalog division. Alpine Ski Shops would most likely use a(n) ______ base for market segmentation of its stores and a(n) ______ base for market segmentation of its catalog division? a. behavioristic; geographic b. geographic; demographic c. demographic; psychographic d. environmental; demographic e. geographic; behavioristic
e. geographic; behavioristic
Most markets for products are made up of individuals or groups with diverse needs for products and are called ____ markets. a. undifferentiated b. concentrated c. homogenous d. differentiated e. heterogeneous
e. heterogeneous
Jack has just joined a law firm as its purchasing agent for all supplies, equipment, and service contracts. In his previous position at another company, Jack could make decisions for any purchase up to $1 million; however, at the new law firm, he can only make decisions for purchases less than $500,000. Recently, Jack has been working with a sales representative from a computer software firm about a contract for new program to process the firm's billing statements. Jack signs the contract, even though it is for $950,000. In this case, Jack ___ part of the market for the software because _____. a. is; he has very little buying power. b. is; has the need for the software. c. is not; he is willing to spend the firm's money. d. is; he has the desire for the software. e. is not; he does not have the authority to purchase.
e. is not; he does not have the authority to purchase.
The psychographic variable that includes numerous characteristics related to people's activities, interests, and opinion is a. motive. b. social class. c. personality. d. stage in family life cycle. e. lifestyle.
e. lifestyle.
The total volume of a product, for all firms in an industry, that would be purchased by specific customer groups within a specified time period at a given level of industry-wide marketing activity, is the a. competitor sales potential. b. sales objective. c. forecasted sales. d. company sales potential. e. market potential.
e. market potential.
The amount of product a company expects to sell during a specific period at a specified level of marketing activity is called the a. company sales potential. b. revenue estimate. c. company sales prediction. d. market potential. e. sales forecast.
e. sales forecast.
Age, rate of product use, location, and gender are all examples of common a. demographic variables. b. geographic characteristics. c. targeting strategies. d. psychographic variables. e. segmentation variables.
e. segmentation variables.
Meghan would like to open a house cleaning business and is considering several market segments. She has identified four segments for consideration; young, urban singles, young married professionals, senior citizens, and college students. She has just completed an analysis of these four segments by assessing such factors as sales estimates, competition, and estimated costs. Meghan is now ready for the next step in the target market selection process, which is to a. identify the appropriate targeting strategy. b. determine which segmentation variables to use. c. develop market segment profiles. d. evaluate relevant market segments. e. select specific target markets.
e. select specific target markets.
Relying on executive judgment for forecasting may be adequate when a. levels of marketing efforts put forth by competitors vary considerably. b. recent events give the executive specific impressions of product demand. c. product demand is erratic. d. the executive conducts surveys. e. the executive has considerable experience and product demand is relatively stable.
e. the executive has considerable experience and product demand is relatively stable.
The most important reason that a firm might use a sales force forecasting survey to determine its sales forecast is a. salespeople are generally optimistic about the future and will provide excellent forecast targets. b. most salespeople tend to have a pessimistic outlook, which is more likely to result in an achievable sales forecast. c. this tends to be the fastest way to determine a good sales forecast for the upcoming period. d. the averaging and other statistical techniques applied to these forecasts result in extremely accurate numbers. e. the sales staff is closer to the actual customers on a regular basis than anyone else in the organization.
e. the sales staff is closer to the actual customers on a regular basis than anyone else in the organization.
The forecasting method that utilizes a firm's historical sales data to find patterns in the firm's sales volume over time is a. the regression method. b. customer forecasting. c. a market test. d. sales force forecasting. e. time series analysis.
e. time series analysis.
Carmen has recently become engaged and is starting to plan her wedding. She's using Pinterest and has purchased a variety of wedding magazines to get inspired for her big day. She's going shopping with some friends for a wedding dress and will likely visit four or more stores in her hometown as well as major cities within a one or two hour drive from her home. She hopes to find a dress that matches her expectations for this very special occasion and is willing to spend considerable time to find just the right dress. What type of decision-making process is Carmen utilizing for her wedding dress purchase?
extended decision making
The third step in the perceptual process is called _____ which is the assignment of meaning to what has been organized.
interpretation
Brooke enjoys supporting causes associated with breast cancer such as the Susan G. Komen Foundation or Young Survival Coalition. During the month of October—breast cancer awareness month, Brooke buys lots of different items that feature a pink ribbon on the packaging and mention that a portion of the proceeds goes to support the various nonprofit organizations associated with finding a cure for breast cancer. However, Brooke recently read an article in the New York Times about the "pink washing" phenomenon and how very little money is actually generated through these promotions but the companies are merely supporting the cause to enhance their sales. Brooke is now reconsidering her decision to buy these products with the pink ribbons. The changes in Brook's thought processes and behavior caused by this information is termed
learning
Karl is transitioning from high school to college and will be purchasing a new computer to use for his classes and gaming. He's looking for a computer that offers fast processing speed, light weight, excellent graphics card, and a good value for his money. Karl will likely use ____________ when making the purchase.
limited decision making
Consumers utilize three types of decision making styles which vary in level of involvement and other factors which affect their behavior. These styles include
limited decision making, extended decision making, and routinized response behavior
Extended decision making is defined as a process employed when purchasing unfamiliar, expensive, or infrequently purchased items. Which of the following purchases would best fit this style of decision making?
new riding lawn mower
In order to evaluate the products within a buyer's consideration set, the consumer uses criteria which are both _____ and _____ that are deemed important to the purchaser.
objective, subjective
Luis likes shopping at Stein Mart, a discount department store, because he likes the prices, products, and services the store provides. His selection of this store as a regular stop when shopping is influenced by ____ motives.
patronage
______ influence which establishments a customer frequents and marketers utilize this process by trying to determine why regular customers might visit a particular store more often and then utilize these factors in manipulating the marketing mix variables to more effectively appeal to those customers.
patronage motives
According to a well-known psychologist, Abraham Maslow, individuals seek to satisfy five levels of needs from the most basic level to higher-order needs. These needs, in order from most basic to least basic to survival are
physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
Kramer has started drinking Dos Equis beer and loves their commercials featuring the "world's most interesting man." Subconsciously, Kramer hopes that he can be surrounded by beautiful women while enjoying his beer and the Dos Equis brand promotes this idea of attraction to the opposite sex based upon consumers' _____ needs.
psychological
Which of the following purchases is most likely completed using routinized response behavior?
purchasing gas for your car
During the information search stage of the consumer decision process, buyers may utilize marketer-dominated sources of information. Which of the following is not an example of a marketer-dominated information source?
recommendations from friends
Jessica stopped at the convenience store to purchase some milk since she remembered that she had run out of milk at breakfast. Jessica's purchase of milk would be described as
routinized response behavior
Emily has always been a loyal customer of Clinique makeup and facial products for several years and was talking with one of her friends about different makeup brands. Her friend mentioned that she had read a review in Cosmopolitan magazine about different brands and Clinique was rated lower on quality ingredients and use of animals to test their products. Emily was really surprised and thought that maybe her friend had misread the article since she knows that Clinique is one of the best brands. Emily is experiencing
selective disorder
Ben and his partner just purchased their first home and are now shopping for a lawn mower. Ben doesn't really enjoy lawn care or gardening and views it as a chore although he does enjoy spending time outside. His yard is pretty small and a standard upright model lawn mower will fulfill his needs. He's visited several stores to check out prices and has read reviews in online forums about different brands. The purchase of a lawn mower for Ben is most likely influenced by _______ involvement.
situational
Dave is an owner and manager of three apartment buildings in northern Minnesota. During an exceptionally hot summer the temperatures soared and the toll on the window air conditioners was too much. Seventeen of them have broken down already, and more are probably going to have to be replaced. He has a total of seventy-five apartment units. Dave is now in the process of deciding how to repair the air conditioning. Should he buy new window units for all the buildings, or should he install central air conditioning? What type of decision is Dave facing?
situational involvement and extended decision making
Parker and Brock met some friends at a local restaurant/bar to support another friend who plays guitar in a band. The friends had a great time with each other and enjoyed cheering for the band. While they didn't think the restaurant provided good food or service, that didn't affect their enjoyment and overall, they had a great time being with their friends! Parker and Brock were influenced by the ______ category of situational influences.
social surroundings
The application of knowledge and tools to solve problems and perform tasks more effectively is known as ______
technology