exam 1 material (ch. 1-4)

some phtochemicals are

-caffeine and beta-carotene -nicotine and oxalic acid

carbs have ___ kcal/gram

4

proteins have ___ kcal/gram

4

about how much of our total bod weight is water?

50-70%

If a peach supplies 60,000 calories, it supplies _______ kilocalories.

60

alcohol has ___ kcal/gram

7

lipids have ___ kcal/gram

9

A kilocalorie is a unit of energy used to describe the amount of energy in a food or beverage. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.

diet is

A person's usual pattern of food choices

what 3 roles do nutrients play within the body?

Energy•Growth and development•Regulation of processes

waters function is to

Maintenance of fluid balance Regulation of body temperature Elimination of wastes Transportation of substances Participation in many chemical reactions

proteins function is

Production of structural components, such as cell membranes, and functional components, such as enzymes Cellular development, growth, and maintenance Regulation of body processes (certain hormones, for example) Transportation of substances within the blood Energy (normally a minor source)

vitamins function is to

Regulation of body processes Immune function Production and maintenance of cells Protection against agents that can damage cellular components

minerals function is to

Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance and energy metabolism Formation of certain chemical messengers Formation of structural and functional components of various substances and tissues Cellular development, growth, and maintenance

nutrition is

The scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them

most foods are sources of

biological fuels

______ is the device used to measure the calories in a sample of food

bomb calorimeter

a ___________ is the amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 g (1 mL) of water 1 degrees C

calorie

examples of empty calorie foods

candy, snack chips, alcholoic or sugar sweetened drinks

What are the six classses of nutrients?

carbs(macro), lipids/fats(macro, protein(macro), vitamins(micro), minerals(micro), water

________diseases are long-term conditions that manifest over many years and are complex in nature such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes

chronic

you can become an RD/RDN by obtaining a

degree from an accredited college, masters degree, extensive supervised practice hours, pass a national exam, and complete ongoing continuing education

a _______ is a product that contains a vitamin, a mineral, a herb or other plant product , amino acid, or dietar substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake

dietary supplement

essential nutrients must be supplied by the body because the body

does not synthesize it or make enough to meet its needs

____ calorie foods supply excessive kcals from unhealthy types of fat, added sugar and/or alcohol.

empty

_______ dense foods supply a lot of kcals per given weight of food

energy

lipids are a major source of

energy (fat) Cellular development, physical growth and development Regulation of body processes (certain hormones, for example) Growth and development of the brain Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

carbs are a major source of

energy (most forms), Maintenance of normal blood glucose levels, Elimination of solid waste from gastrointestinal tract (fiber)

All foods are considered either energy-dense or sources of empty calories, a food cannot be both.

false

By weight (i.e., gram-for-gram), foods high in _______ have the highest energy density.

fat

what macro do women tend to have more of on their body?

fat

_______ is the best soruce of nutrients

food

What are some items most Americans purchase too littleof (according to recommendations)?

fruits, veggies, whole grains, fish, and low fat dairy products

Many companies create ________foods, foods that have items added to them to "boost" their nutritional profile•Spreads, baked goods, etc.

functional

Many of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States are associated with certain dietary practices. What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?

heart disease and cancer

enviromental factors

income, location of home, food availability, realtionships, marketing

what is one role of vitamin C

maintaining collegen which is a protein in the bod that holds cells together including the cells that form tiny blood vessels in the skin

A ________is very high, typically 10x the recommended amount

megadose

_______ dense foods supply more beneficial nutrients in relation to total kcals

nutrient

________ are life sustaiing substances found in food necessary for growth

nutrients

malnutrition includes _____ and ______

overnutrition and undernutrition

cognitive factors

past experiences, cultural practices, religious teachings

an example of an energy dense food is

peanut butter

The ________dose of a nutrient is the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally

physiological dose

__________are substances in plants that are not nutrients but may have healthful benefits (these are not essential)

phytochemicals

what macro do men tend to have more of on their body?

protein

_______are characteristics that increase a person's chances of developing a chronic disease such as genetics, family history, lifestyle, age, enviromental conditions

risk factors

biological and physiological factors include

sensory:taste, smell, texture, appearance internal sensations: hunger, thirst

psychological factors

stress level and mood

what is metabolism?

the total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells

Attractive displays at the end of supermarket aisles are designed to direct shoppers to pricier items and increase sales.

true

Education influences a person's food selections.

true

nutrient dense foods are foods such as

veggies

_______is the most essential nutrient

water

a dietar supplement should be taken along

with a good diet not in place of your diet

Having ________in your diet means you level out your kcal intake to maintain a healthy weight.

balance

Orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables are rich food sources of _______.

beta-carotene

a ________ (or ________) is the heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1000g (1 L) of water to 1 degrees C

kilocalorie (or Calorie)

What are some items most Americans purchase too muchof (according to recommendations)?

red meats, candies, cheese, sugary beverages, and refined grains

_______- is a college trained healthcare professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and diatetics

registered dietitian (RD/RDN)