Exam 1 Memory (Chapter 2)
The Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, and Frontal Lobe are all known as what type of lobes? a. Frontal Cortex b. Prefrontal Cortex c. Cortical d. Temporal Cortex
c
The hippocampus is part of what network of the brain? a. bilateral b. cortical c. limbic d. knowledge
c
Attention is most associated with this lobe. a. frontal b center c. left d. parietal
d
In the case of Phineas Gage, research has been directed at how brain damage affects cognition and behavior. His accident set the stage for: a. cognitive and behavioral research. b. brain imagery scanning. c. neuropsychiatry. d. neuropsychology.
d
Somatosensory perception is a function of this lobe. a. sense lobe b. frontal c. center d. parietal
d
The brain is composed of billions of: a. dendrites. b. electric paths. c. lobes. d. neurons.
d
Deep brain stimulation does not require an implanted device.
False
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) uses an electrical sensor to detect small magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain.
False
Retrograde amnesia is the inability to tolerate benzodiazepines during sleep- enhanced episodic memory.
False
The medial temporal lobe is associated with higher emotions, decision-making, metacognition, and memory. Damage to this area affects the fight or flight emotional response. This response can be associated with the prefrontal cortex.
False
The olfactory bulb is the primary organ in the brain for processing memory.
False
To a behavioral neuroscientist the brain is a complex assortment of separate areas and regions, each of which has its own unique function.
False
Benzodiazepines are usually used because of their effects on anxiety, insomnia, and muscle relaxation.
True
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is another MRI technique.
True
Engram is the hypothetical physical unit of storage of a memory.
True
Intracranial EEGs measure brain activity when electrodes are placed directly on the surface of the brain.
True
It is suggested that music may be good at eliciting a strong connection between it and memory.
True
Memory can be enhanced, however, to date, no drug has been shown to improve memory efficiency in normal adults. On the other hand, there is no doubt that some drugs prevent the formation of new memories. The only prescription drugs available to improve memory are chloinergics.
True
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allows scientists to get a detailed image of a living human brain without damaging living tissue. It does involve injecting a small amount of radioactive substance into a person's blood, which does have potentially negative effects.
True
The hypothalamus area of the brain is associated with basic emotions. To separate these emotions into emotional learning, fear, and memory, this information is transmitted by the amygdala.
True
The thalamus is an area of the brain heavily connected to other areas of the brain. It appears to serve as a routing center, however, this routing center must have connected relay points to human memory circuits. The routing centers are known as diencephalons.
True
A hypothetical, yet physical unit of a stored memory is known as: a. engram. b. parietal unit. c. unit of memory. d. knowledge shed.
a
A set of techniques that allow researchers to make detailed maps of the brain and assign functions to particular regions of the brain is known as: a. neuroimaging. b. intracranial EEG. c. electroencephalography. d. magnetoencephalography.
a
A student has stayed up all night working on a project in hopes of finishing it before class begins. Soon the student begins experiencing headaches and is unable to concentrate due to the lack of sleep. What part of the brain is being most affected due to over exposure to the task? a. amygdala b. hippocampus c. Broca's area d. lateral fissure
a
Amygalda means: a. almond. b. memory. c. emotion. d. to forget.
a
An elderly person has fallen. As a result, the individual has broken bones and a severe bump on the head. When examined, this individual seems to have anterograde amnesia (the ability to form new memories after a brain injury). What part of the brain has likely been damaged? a. hippocampus b. thalamus c. frontal lobe d. prefrontal lobe
a
An inability to form new memories follow brain damage is called: a. anterograde amnesia. b. retrograde amnesia. c. function three amnesia. d. sensorial amnesia.
a
An inability to form new memories following brain damage is known as: a. anterograde amnesia. b. amnesia. c. Alzheimer's. d. forgetful memory.
a
Basic visual memory takes place in this lobe. a. occipital b. right c. left d. parietal
a
By what mechanism do drugs, such as caffeine, affect brain functions ? a. neurons b. dendrites c. axon d. synapse
a
In a possible severe drug overdose, considering the synapse, damage to dendrites and terminal buttons of a neuron would cause severe problems. What would this damage affect the transmission of ? a. neurotransmitters b. synapse transmitters c. electrical centers d. metacognition vibrations
a
In regards to question 62, what additional part of the brain might be damaged as well? a. medial temporal lobe b. prefrontal cortex c. frontal cortex d. postcentral gyrus
a
In which lobe is memory and imagery processed? a. visual processing b. free recognition processing c. forced recognition processing d. cortex recognition processing
a
The Cerebral is also known as: a. neocortex. b. left lobe. c. right lobe. d. fixed cortex.
a
The Olfactory Bulb is the primary organ for processing odors. Information from the olfactory nerves is carried directly to the: a. cortex. b. nose. c. left brain. d. right brain.
a
The area located between the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus is called the: a. central sulcus. b. Broca's area. c. auditory cortex. d. prefrontal cortex.
a
The area of the brain that is located just below the prefrontal cortex, above the lateral fissure, and beside the precentral gyrus is known as the: a. Broca's area. b. hippocampus area. c. occipital Lobe area. d. visual cortex.
a
The frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and the occipital lobe make up: a. cerebral cortex. b. diencephalon. c. parietal. d. prefrontal.
a
The practice of helping brain-damaged patients recover and cope with injuries is called: a. clinical neuropsychology. b. psychiatry. c. psychology. d. injury parapsychology.
a
The prefrontal cortex is part of which lobe? a. frontal b. left c. right d. center
a
The temporal lobe is associated with: a. language, audition, and memory. b. development, vision, and attention. c. emotion, metacognition, and memory. d. vision, language, and somatosensory attention.
a
This area is concerned with massive connections between the Prefrontal Lobe, the hippocampus, and the medial temporal lobe. a. diencephalon b. amagdala c. corpus collosum d. skull cap
a
This is the electrochemical process of transmission in an axon. a. action potential b. neuron transmission c. synapse process d. cognitive flow
a
This part of the brain is an important relay point in human memory circuits. a. diencephalon b. amygdala c. hippocampus d. hypercampus
a
This part of the brain produces dopamine. With Parkinson's disease, this area does not produce enough. a. Substantia nigra b. hippocampus c. free recall d. Axon terminal
a
To view the Cerebral Cortex, the Corpus Callosum, and a number of subcortical structures, a researcher might us: a. MRI. b. tdCS. c. dBs. d. TMs.
a
What instrument would a researcher use to get a detailed image of a living human brain without causing any damage to living tissue? a. PET b. tdCS c. TMs d. MRI
a
What part of the neuron receives information from other neurons or directly from sensory receptors? a. dendrites b. axon c. synapse d. nigra
a
Where does initiating memory take place? a. prefrontal cortex b. temporal lobe c. hippocampus d. amagdala
a
Which of the following can be used to induce amnesia in episodic memory? a. benzodiazepines b. cholinergics c. slight taps d. knowledge inducement
a
Which of the following carry electrical impulses from one neuron to another? a. neurotransmitters b. axons c. synapses d. dendrites
a
Which type of neuroimaging equipment can measure when the amygdala is active when evaluating emotional content? a. magnetoencephalography b. PET scan c. EEG d. intracranial EEG
a
m Alzheimer's disease. Which type of drug can be used in an attempt to alleviate memory loss in early stages of this disease? a. cholinergics b. benzodiazepines c. low dose asperine d. triliptal
a
An inability to retrieve memories of events prior to brain damage is called: a. amnesia. b. retrograde amnesia. c. structural amnesia. d. function three amnesia.
b
Damage to this area can cause anterograde amnesia. a. campus b. hippocampus c. anterior campus d. cerebral cortex
b
Describe the functional significance of the hippocampus. a. cognitive and emotional functioning b. learning and memory c. memory and emotion d. fear and learning
b
In 1953, a man known only a HM underwent risky experimental surgery to alleviate symptoms of epilepsy. During surgery, parts of what were removed? a. eyes b. temporal lobes c. hippocampus d. hypothalmus
b
In a serious accident that results in brain damage, memory deficits acquired through brain damage will result in: a. Alzheimer's. b. amnesia. c. concussion. d. engram aversion.
b
In order for a neural signal to be sent, neurotransmitters must move from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another. This reflects the importance of the: a. organelles. b. synapse. c. terminal buttons. d. dendrites.
b
Memory loss can occur at tremendous costs in this area due to its widespread consequences. a. prefrontal Lobe b. diencephalon c. amagdala d. hippocampus
b
Musical perception is processed primarily in which hemisphere of the brain? a. left b. right c. center d. hind
b
Terminal Buttons at the end of an axon hold: a. dendrites. b. neurotransmitter. c. synapses. d. perceptors.
b
The diencephalon part of the brain is includes the: a. amygdala and thalamus. b. thalamus and hypothalamus. c. amygdala and hypothalamus. d. thalamus and amygdala.
b
The frontal lobe is associated with: a. vision, smell, and taste. b. higher emotion, decision-making, metacognition, and memory. c. audition, language, and memory. d. somatosensory and attention.
b
The hypothetical physical unit of storage of a memory is known as: a. memory. b. engram. c. neuron. d. axon.
b
The most anterior part of the cerebral cortex is called: a. prefrontal cortex. b. frontal lobe. c. auditory cortex. d. Wernicke area.
b
These are a set of brain structures located just beneath the crebral cortex. They are important to memory and emotion. a. medial temporal system b. limbic system c. episodic memory system d. associated memory system
b
This is the gap between one neuron and the dendrite of the next. a. cortex receptors b. synapses c. axon d. engram receptor
b
To compare the pattern of movement of molecules within the tissue in order to derive structural images, a researcher would use a special type of MRI known as: a. dBs. b. DTI. c. tdCS. d. TMs.
b
Which area of the brain is associated with emotions? a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. diencephalon
b
Which area of the brain serves as a routing center? a. amygdala b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. diencephalon
b
With what is the prefrontal cortex most associated? a. learning b. higher emotions c. flight or fight decisions d. fixations
b
tdCS directs what type of electricity directly to the scalp in a continuous fashion? a. dBs b. low current c. MRI d. PED
b
A device implanted directly into the brain to send electrical impulses to specific regions of the brain is called a: a. MRI. b. TMs. c. dBs. d. DTI.
c
In anterograde amnesia, an inability to form and retain this occurs. a. reaction time b. cued recall c. new memory d. forced choice recognition
c
Information from neurons to neurons is accomplished by: a. axons. b. synapses. c. neurotransmitters. d. dendrites.
c
Self-regulation of memory is most associated with which lobe of the Cerebral Cortex? a. occipital b. parietal c. frontal d. temporal
c
The cognitive psychology of memory is increasingly influenced by the neuroscience of memory. Together, these form a hybrid field known as: a. Behavioral Neuroscience. b. Behavioral Psychology. c. Cognitive Neuroscience. d. Cognitive Psychology.
c
The frontal lobe is in this part of the brain. a. shocking b. stimulating c. most anterior d. biticular section
c
Unlike language, music is processed primarily on which hemisphere of the brain? a. left hemisphere b. anterior hemisphere c. right hemisphere d. memory hemisphere
c
When an individual suspects a diagnosis of Alzheimer's, one of many dimentia/type illnesses, what will be the first deficit detected in this disease? a. cognition b. emotion c. memory d. behavior
c
When looking for a particular class of stimulus in the brain, a researcher would look for averaged patterns across many trials. To do this, what type of test would be needed? a. CAT b. PET c. EEG d. MRI
c
Which of the following statements about neuroimaging is false? a. Neuroimaging allows correlation of brain activity. b. Neuroimaging addresses cognitive issues. c. All neuroimaging technologies utilize magnets. d. Neuroimaging addresses correlation of brain activity with memory.
c
If a researcher wished to observe the change in cognition relating to brain stimulation, a technique the researcher might use would involve a small magnetic pulse to create a small pulse of electricity. Which stimulation technique would the researcher use? a. tdCS b. DBS c. tDCS d. TMs
d
In Greek, what does hippocampus mean? a. hippo b. memory c. fat cell d. seahorse
d
This area of the brain is associated with memory. a. hind brain b. left brain c. right brain d. cortical areas
d
This is the part of the neuron that sends information to other neurons. a. synapse b. terminal Button c. dendrite d. axon
d
Visual processing takes place in which lobe? a. imaging lobe b. parietal c. left d. occipital
d
What equipment has advanced our understanding of the relation of brain and mind more than any other tool? a. TMs b. MRI c. PET d. fMRI
d
What is the function of the prefrontal lobe as associated with the frontal lobe area? a. forgetful mechanism b. initiating emotion c. initiating flight or flight d. initiating memory
d
When identification is required of a recognized memory target from a set of presented items, which part of the brain is being used? a. frontal lobe b. parietal lobe c. amygdala d. occipital lobe
d
Which of the following drugs is prescribed to treat Alzheimer's disease? a. benzodiazepines b. asprin c. carbamazepines d. cholinergics
d
Which of these limbic system structures is most associated with emotion and emotional learning? a. hypothermus b. hyperthalamus c. thalamus d. amygdala
d
Which part of the brain is critical in emotional learning, fear, and memory? a. thalamus b. hypothalamus c. frontal lobe d. amygdala
d
With what is the tal lobe most associated? a. hearing b. hopes c. sight d. higher emotion
d
The parts of the neuron that receive sensory receptors are called ______.
dendrites
Terminal buttons are the ends of axon that hold ______.
neurotransmitters
The electrochemical process of transmission in an axon is known as action ______.
potential
Engram is the hypothetical physical unit of ______ of a memory.
storage
Sudden and devastating injuries to the brain are called ______ brain injuries.
traumatic