Exam 1 Study Guide
Soft cartilage and acts with the lower incisors when grazing (in place of incisors and canines to help when grazing)
Dental Pad
How do you move the next animal into the squeeze chute
Enter the flight zone and cross the point of balance
Calves at birth have a bypass digestion method to avoid the rumen called?
Esophageal groove
This is the striated muscle where peristalsis and reverse peristasis occurs in ruminants.
Esophagus
The upper third incisors, upper canines, and lower fourth incisors (six teeth total). These are modified canines and incisors. Vets recommend removing these in males because they can cause injury to other males and the owners
Fighting teeth
What is the order of the mixing layer in ruminants?
Gas, fiber mat, fluid
What is another way to move cattle through a gate
handler moves back and forth perpendicular to direction desired, work on the edge of flight zone, apply pressure to move cattle, release pressure to slow cattle down
What is the most common restraint method for pigs for minor procedures such as injections and venipuncture
hog snare
Fermentation, absorption of water, minerals and VFA's take place in what intestine?
large intestine
What side is the rumen located on?
left
How do you move cattle in open areas
move in and out of their flight zone using alternating vs. continuous pressure, and in a zig zag motion
What is a beef cow's dry period?
160 days
Bridge of Nose
17
Forehead
18
Poll
19
Sacral ligament
2
Tailhead
2
Neck
20
What is the normal resp rate for sheep and goats
20-30 bpm
What is a beef cow's weaning age?
205 days (7 months)
Withers
21
What is a beef cow's gestation period?
283 days
What is a dairy cow's gestation period?
283 days
Hooks
3
Pins
3
How many cows are there for a bull 2 years and older
30-35 cows
What is the normal resp. rate for calves?
30-60 bpm
What is a dairy cow's DIM?
305 days
What is a beef cow's lactations period?
365 days
What is a dairy cow's lactation length?
365 days
Hooks
4
Thurl
4
What is a dairy cow's production life length?
4-5 years
What is the normal pulse for cattle?
48-84 bpm
Pins
5
Stifle
5
Flank
6
Tail-head ligament
6
What is a dairy cow's weaning age
6-8 weeks
What is a dairy cow's dry period?
60 days
What is the normal pulse for llamas
60-90 bpm
Switch
7
What is the normal pulse for calves?
70-100 bpm
What is the normal pulse for alpacas?
70-120 bpm
What is the normal pulse for sheep and goats?
70-90 bpm
What is the normal pulse for swine?
70-90 bpm
Hock
8
Barrel
9
What is the normal temperature for camelids?
99.5-102
Brisket
12
Dewlap
13
Point of Shoulder
14
Jaw
15
Muzzle
16
Loin
1
Short ribs
1
How many cows are there for a bull under 2 years of age?
1 cow per month of age up until 2 years
What is the normal rumen contraction rate?
1-3 per minute
Knee
10
What is the normal resp. rate for swine?
10-24 bpm
What is the normal resp rate for camelids?
10-30 bpm
What is the normal resp. rate for cattle?
10-45 bpm
What is the normal temperature for swine?
100-102.5
What is the normal temperature for cattle?
100-103.5
What is the normal temperature for sheep and goats?
102-104
Point of Elbow
11
The stomach compartment is known as the true stomach and is where enzymatic digestion (HCL and pepsin) take place.
Abomasum
This producer owns a herd of brood cows and weans and sells calves
Cow/Calf producer
Cattle prefer a straight race over a curved cute. True or False.
False
You should restrain sheep by their wool. True/False.
False
How do you move cattle through a gate
Handler controls movement through a gate, stare at the ones you want to hold back, turn away from the ones you want to go through
This is an additional restraint method that is used to restrain or distract an animal during noxious procedure
Nose tongs
This stomach compartment is where fluid absorption and particle size reduction by "grinding". (leaves shaped tissue)
Omasum
What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus?
Pharyngoesophageal, cardia
List the reasons a cow is culled from the herd.
Reproductive failure, low milk yields, udder breakdown, foot and leg weakness and mastitis
This is where fermentation continues, absorption of water, soluble vitamins and VFA's occur? (Honeycomb shaped tissue)
Reticulum
What stomach compartment can you place magnets in to trap foreign material?
Reticulum
This compartment of a ruminant stomach is where digestion, fermentation, breaking down of VFAs, and mixing layers occur.
Rumen
Chemical and enzymatic digestion, absorption of sugars, amino acids, microbial protein, long chain fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, and peristalsis occurs where?
Small intestines
How does point of balance work?
Standing behind the point of balance moves the animal forward. Standing in front of the point of balance moves the animal backwards.
This a distraction method that works by elevating the tail so that it gently pinches vertebrae and caudal nerves which prevents animal from kicking or reacting to manipulations in other areas.
Tail jack
Define Flight Zone.
The animal's personal space and is the distance that the cattle can be from the handler and feel comfortable
If handler is outside flight zone then animal will face the handler. True/False
True
Where is the point of balance?
at the animal's shoulder
This producer buys calves 300-700 obs. from auction or producer and develops then on forage or grain then sells groups of calves to feedlots.
backgrounder/stocker operation
What are the three regions of the abomasum?
cardiac, fundic, pyloric
The is used when procedures need to be performed on an animal while laying down
casting
Where is a cow's blind spot?
directly behind them
What are the pulse points you should palpate?
facial artery, coccygeal artery, aorta/ internal iliac artery, median artery, Saphenous artery
These individuals market calves and cows which are purchased by produces and order buyers
sale barn/stockyard
This cattle farm produces bulls and replacement females that are purebred/registered cattle
seedstockers
What is the normal color of mucus membranes for all food animals?
pink and moist
How do you perform a tail jack
stand directly behind the cow, grasp the tail in the proximal third elevate straight up, lock elbow, lean toward cow, avoid excessive pressure
What is a halter used for?
to restrain head and neck, traditional lead on the left side
Sheep are restrained by placing them on their rump. True/False
true
Flight zone is increased if....
you approach animal head on, if animal is excited
