Exam 1 Study Guide

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Soft cartilage and acts with the lower incisors when grazing (in place of incisors and canines to help when grazing)

Dental Pad

How do you move the next animal into the squeeze chute

Enter the flight zone and cross the point of balance

Calves at birth have a bypass digestion method to avoid the rumen called?

Esophageal groove

This is the striated muscle where peristalsis and reverse peristasis occurs in ruminants.

Esophagus

The upper third incisors, upper canines, and lower fourth incisors (six teeth total). These are modified canines and incisors. Vets recommend removing these in males because they can cause injury to other males and the owners

Fighting teeth

What is the order of the mixing layer in ruminants?

Gas, fiber mat, fluid

What is another way to move cattle through a gate

handler moves back and forth perpendicular to direction desired, work on the edge of flight zone, apply pressure to move cattle, release pressure to slow cattle down

What is the most common restraint method for pigs for minor procedures such as injections and venipuncture

hog snare

Fermentation, absorption of water, minerals and VFA's take place in what intestine?

large intestine

What side is the rumen located on?

left

How do you move cattle in open areas

move in and out of their flight zone using alternating vs. continuous pressure, and in a zig zag motion

What is a beef cow's dry period?

160 days

Bridge of Nose

17

Forehead

18

Poll

19

Sacral ligament

2

Tailhead

2

Neck

20

What is the normal resp rate for sheep and goats

20-30 bpm

What is a beef cow's weaning age?

205 days (7 months)

Withers

21

What is a beef cow's gestation period?

283 days

What is a dairy cow's gestation period?

283 days

Hooks

3

Pins

3

How many cows are there for a bull 2 years and older

30-35 cows

What is the normal resp. rate for calves?

30-60 bpm

What is a dairy cow's DIM?

305 days

What is a beef cow's lactations period?

365 days

What is a dairy cow's lactation length?

365 days

Hooks

4

Thurl

4

What is a dairy cow's production life length?

4-5 years

What is the normal pulse for cattle?

48-84 bpm

Pins

5

Stifle

5

Flank

6

Tail-head ligament

6

What is a dairy cow's weaning age

6-8 weeks

What is a dairy cow's dry period?

60 days

What is the normal pulse for llamas

60-90 bpm

Switch

7

What is the normal pulse for calves?

70-100 bpm

What is the normal pulse for alpacas?

70-120 bpm

What is the normal pulse for sheep and goats?

70-90 bpm

What is the normal pulse for swine?

70-90 bpm

Hock

8

Barrel

9

What is the normal temperature for camelids?

99.5-102

Brisket

12

Dewlap

13

Point of Shoulder

14

Jaw

15

Muzzle

16

Loin

1

Short ribs

1

How many cows are there for a bull under 2 years of age?

1 cow per month of age up until 2 years

What is the normal rumen contraction rate?

1-3 per minute

Knee

10

What is the normal resp. rate for swine?

10-24 bpm

What is the normal resp rate for camelids?

10-30 bpm

What is the normal resp. rate for cattle?

10-45 bpm

What is the normal temperature for swine?

100-102.5

What is the normal temperature for cattle?

100-103.5

What is the normal temperature for sheep and goats?

102-104

Point of Elbow

11

The stomach compartment is known as the true stomach and is where enzymatic digestion (HCL and pepsin) take place.

Abomasum

This producer owns a herd of brood cows and weans and sells calves

Cow/Calf producer

Cattle prefer a straight race over a curved cute. True or False.

False

You should restrain sheep by their wool. True/False.

False

How do you move cattle through a gate

Handler controls movement through a gate, stare at the ones you want to hold back, turn away from the ones you want to go through

This is an additional restraint method that is used to restrain or distract an animal during noxious procedure

Nose tongs

This stomach compartment is where fluid absorption and particle size reduction by "grinding". (leaves shaped tissue)

Omasum

What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus?

Pharyngoesophageal, cardia

List the reasons a cow is culled from the herd.

Reproductive failure, low milk yields, udder breakdown, foot and leg weakness and mastitis

This is where fermentation continues, absorption of water, soluble vitamins and VFA's occur? (Honeycomb shaped tissue)

Reticulum

What stomach compartment can you place magnets in to trap foreign material?

Reticulum

This compartment of a ruminant stomach is where digestion, fermentation, breaking down of VFAs, and mixing layers occur.

Rumen

Chemical and enzymatic digestion, absorption of sugars, amino acids, microbial protein, long chain fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, and peristalsis occurs where?

Small intestines

How does point of balance work?

Standing behind the point of balance moves the animal forward. Standing in front of the point of balance moves the animal backwards.

This a distraction method that works by elevating the tail so that it gently pinches vertebrae and caudal nerves which prevents animal from kicking or reacting to manipulations in other areas.

Tail jack

Define Flight Zone.

The animal's personal space and is the distance that the cattle can be from the handler and feel comfortable

If handler is outside flight zone then animal will face the handler. True/False

True

Where is the point of balance?

at the animal's shoulder

This producer buys calves 300-700 obs. from auction or producer and develops then on forage or grain then sells groups of calves to feedlots.

backgrounder/stocker operation

What are the three regions of the abomasum?

cardiac, fundic, pyloric

The is used when procedures need to be performed on an animal while laying down

casting

Where is a cow's blind spot?

directly behind them

What are the pulse points you should palpate?

facial artery, coccygeal artery, aorta/ internal iliac artery, median artery, Saphenous artery

These individuals market calves and cows which are purchased by produces and order buyers

sale barn/stockyard

This cattle farm produces bulls and replacement females that are purebred/registered cattle

seedstockers

What is the normal color of mucus membranes for all food animals?

pink and moist

How do you perform a tail jack

stand directly behind the cow, grasp the tail in the proximal third elevate straight up, lock elbow, lean toward cow, avoid excessive pressure

What is a halter used for?

to restrain head and neck, traditional lead on the left side

Sheep are restrained by placing them on their rump. True/False

true

Flight zone is increased if....

you approach animal head on, if animal is excited


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