Exam 1 - TSDA
Civil Law
Addresses wrongs committed against society as a whole Defendent: Dentist Plaintiff: State Board of Dentistry
Salivary Glands
Classified by their size as either major or minor Purpose of saliva- lubricates and deanses oral cavity aids in digestion of food by an enzymatic process helps maintain integrity of tooth surfaces through process of remineralization .
Common Disorders of the Muscular System
Contusion- a bruise Strain- pulled muscle Progressive muscular dystrophy- are genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness in muscles Myasthenia gravis- a condition causing abnormal weakness of certain muscles. Fibromyalgia- widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue , and tenderness in localized areas .
Orthodontics
Correcting improper occlusion and misaligned teeth. Aka orthodontist
Prosthodontics
Implants and esthetic and reconstructive dentistry. Crowns, bridges, inlays. onlays, partial/complete dentures.
Functions of the Respiratory System
Inhalation: bringing oxygen from the air into the body Exhalation: releasing carbon dioxide from the body Oxygen is absorbed into the blood; waste matter or carbon dioxide is transferred to the air and exhaled out of the lungs when air is exhaled
Periodontics
Treats diseases of supporting structures of the teeth. Only deal with gum disease
Tooth surfaces
medial, distal, lingual, facial, incisal, buccal, occlusal
Oral Pathologist
nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting oral and maxillofacial regions
Office Personal
office manager, administrative assistant, techs, dental sales.
Disorders of the Nervous System
Head injury Brain tumor Migraine Cerebrovascular accident Epilepsy Multiple sclerosis Alzheimer's disease ell's palsy Trigemi
First Dentist
Hesi-Re
Palmer numbering system
#1-8 from central incisors distally split into fourths (A-E for primary teeth)
ethical behaviors
- Defined by the American Dental Association's Principle of Ethics - Basic principles include: Autonomy "self-governance" Nonmaleficence "do no harm" Beneficence "do good" Justice " fairness" Veracity "truthfulness"
Types of Contracts
- Expressed contracts - verbal or written words that are agreed upon in an established contract - Implied contract or implied consent - most common one that is implied based on patients actions
HIPAA
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - Enacted in 1996 - privacy requirements under HIPAA consist of three categories: Privacy standards Patient's rights Administrative requirements
Malpractice
- Known as professional negligence - Occurs when the four D's are missing Duty "relationship" Derelict "negligence" Direct cause "injury" Damage "loss"
The Patient Records
- Legal document - Treating dentist is owner of original patient records - Dental teams are responsible for keeping records accurate and up to date - HIPAA gives patients the right to review their charts and request copies of their records and radiographs
State Dental Practice Act
- Regulate all area of dentistry - According to act, credentialing of dental personnel varies from state to state - Requires certain individuals to carry a license to practice - Provides for concept of reciprocity
Jurisprudence
- The laws that govern dentistry - Specific do's and dont's - more clearly defined than ethics
Nonverbal Communication
- communicating through body language and facial expressions - facial expressions show different emotions such as feelings of happiness, sadness, excitement, confusion, and pain
Progress Notes
- date of patient's treatment - tooth being treated - treatment preformed - ada procedure code and cost of treatment - phone calls related to discussions with the patient - cancellations, missed appointments, late arrivals
Establish Patient Rapport
- dental professional must have the ability to asses patients and be on the same level with patients - it is a positive relationship of mutual understanding and harmony - DA ensures the message has been conveyed and that the patient has had an opportunity for asking questions or sharing small talk
Communication Techniques
- important aspect of patient care - two-way process in which information is shared from one party to another - modes of communation includes: written or spoken behaviors and actions
Intraoral exam
- involves observing oral soft tissues as well as teeth - materials used for exam include 2x2 gauze squares, mouth mirror, explorer, and a periodontal probe - all radiographs of patient that have been taken prior to the eam should be mounted correctly and placed on lighted view box for dentist to examine
Extraoral exam
- palpation of temporomandibular joints and related structures as well as the lymph nodes - observations of patient's swallowing - observing any distinguishing features or asymmetry of patient's face, and movement of the mandible during excursive movements
Patients Charts- what's recorded in them
- personal data - health history and drug allergies - visual dental chart of existing conditions - care plan - progress notes - miscellaneous reference data
stabilization of arches
- properly aligned teeth stabilize each other - malocclusion is malalignated teeth - primary teeth are guide for permanent teeth - loss of primary teeth results in malocclusion of permanent teeth
Dental arches
- upper jaw is the maxillary arch - lower jaw is the mandibular arch
Criminal Law
Area of law being private law-most frequent in dentistry Defendent: Dentist Plaintiff: patient
Common Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System
Arthritis-painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints . Gout- A form of arthritis characterized by severe pain , redness , and tenderness in joints . Osteomyelitis- Inflammation of bone caused by infection , generally in the legs , arm , or spine . Osteoporosis- loss of boney material leading to soft , brittle bones Treated with Bisphosphonate drugs such as Fosamax which can cause osteonecrosis (death of the bone)
Body Systems Working Together
Body systems do not operate independently All systems are interconnected and must work together to maintain body functions Homeostasis Literally means " under the same control" Occurs when all body systems, cells, tissues, and organs perform together to maintain harmony in the body Ex Body temperature , glucose concentration , calcium levels and fluid volume,
Disorders of the Digestive System
Bulimia, anorexia, and xerostomia Gastroesophageal reflux (regurgitation) Peptic ulcer Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease Hemorrhoids Peritonitis
Who invented the role of dental assistants?
C. Edmund kells
DAII
Can do coronal polishing, more experience
DAI
Cannot do coronal polishing, must complete 3,000 hours chairside.
Disorders of the Heart
Cardiomyopathy-heart muscle disease Coronary artery disease- Damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels. Heart failure-A chronic condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should. Pericarditis-A swelling and irritation of the thin saclike membrane surrounding the heart (pericardium ) Hemophilia-A disorder in which blood doesn't clot normally.
CDA
Certified Dental Assistant (Can be certified through exam)
Pedodontics
Dentist specializing in children 0-17, mentally challenged, physically challenged
Endodontics
Diseases of the pulp and tissues around the pulp. ONLY do root canals
DMD
Doctor of Dental Medicine (License)
DDS
Doctor of Dental Surgery (License)
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Drain and filter the lymph Fight infection Tonsils-help guard against bacteria that may enter nose/mouth Spleen-Filters blood, removes bacteria , rids of old red blood cells
Symptoms of TMJ
Dysfunction Bruxism, or grinding of teeth • Muscle soreness Headaches Popping noises Crepitus , a crackling or grinding sound
First DA
Juliette A. Southard
The Oral Cavity
Lined with mucous membrane tissue Consists of two areas: vestibule; space between teeth and Inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks oral cavity proper: space contained within upper and lower dental arches
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
Lymphoma- A cancer of the lymphatic system. Leukemia- A cancer of blood -forming tissues, hindering the body's ability to fight infection mononucleosis - Often called mono or kissing disease , an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus. Allergies - A condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance
Functions of the Oral Cavity
Mastication Digestion Chemoreception Speech Swallowing
Dental Implications- Muscular System
Often shorter appointments are better Make them comfortable by offering pillows, blankets, Make note of meds patient is already taking
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS)
Oral surgeons, surgery to correct injuries and defects of the head, diseases of the neck, face, and jaw, and conditions of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
Major Muscles of Facial Expression
Orbicularis oris- closes and puckers lips Buccinator- compresses cheeks against the teeth and retracts angle of the mouth Mentalis- raises and wrinkles skin of the chin and pushes lower up .
Mechanism of Breathing
Process of gas exchange Occurs in alveoli by passive diffusion of gases between alveolar gas and blood passing by in the lung capillaries Once in blood the heart powers the flow of dissolved gases around body in the circulation Exhalation occurs as a result of relaxation of diaphragm .
What is PHI
Protected health information (PHI) is any health-related information that can be related to a specific person. In the US, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates the protection of PHI.
Dentist
Provides dental health care. (License) - graduate with DDS or DMD bachelor of dentistry, dental science, dental surgery
Hygienist
Provides oral hygiene care to patients, scaling, education, home care, charting etc. (License) - Associate's or bachelor's degree in Dental Hygiene
Paranasal Sinuses
Reduce weight of facial bones while maintaining bone strength and shape Air-filled spaces of the nose and sinuses that add resonance, or full deep sound, to the voice Lined with mucous and very fine hair-like projections called cilia
Disorders of the Urinary System
Renal failure- A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids. Urinary incontinence- involuntary leakage of urine Cystitis-Also called: UTI, bladder infection Kindey stones- A small hard deposit that forms in the kidneys and is often painful when passed.
Confidentiality
Respecting the privacy of both parties and keeping details secret
Assistant
Seating/escort, charting, assisting, comforting, placing sealants, applying topical fluorides, set up/tear down, sterilizing instruments, exposing/ developing/ mounting radiographs, apply fluoride varnishes, alginate impressions and pouring diagnostic casts, inventory and ordering supplies, practice management. - NC does NOT CERTIFY/LICENSE assistants it is based on experience and training.
Universal Numbering System
Teeth are numbered from 1-16 on the upper arch, and 17-32 on the lower arch.
Major Muscles of Mastication
Temporal muscles raise mandible and close mouth Masseter muscles raise mandible and close mouth Internal (medial ) pterygoid closes jaw, used for chewing External ( lateral ) pterygoid protrudes jaw and opens mouth
Types and functions of teeth
anterior teeth: front of the mouth posterior teeth: back of the mouth incisors: cutting teeth canines: tearing teeth premolars: tearing and crushing molars: grinding teeth
Cavity Classifications
class I: all pits and fissures class II: caries of occlusal and proximal surfaces of the posterior tooth class III: caries of proximal surface of an anterior tooth class IV: caries of proximal and incisal edge of an anterior tooth class V: caries on smooth surface at gingival one-third of all teeth class VI: caries not due to decay process such as an abraded edge or cusp
Lab Techs
creates appliances and indirect restorations (gold, metal, acrylics). They make the products.
Colors used for dental charting
red - it needs to be done blue - it has been treated
