Exam 2

Project teams are formed to

take on "one-time" tasks that are often complex and require input from members with different types of training and expertise.

Tacit knowledge is

typically job- or situation-specific.

The four dimensions of political skill are networking ability, social astuteness, interpersonal influence, and apparent sincerity.

true

The performance-avoid orientation is associated with high levels of anxiety and lower levels of learning.

true

Which of the following is true of motivation?

Motivation is a set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee.

The team-building role of gatekeeper-expediter determines the direction of the team's discussion.

false

The tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is known as

selective perception

Disposition-based trust depends on the trustor's propensity to trust.

true

Employees who feel a sense of equity on the job are more likely to engage in citizenship behaviors.

true

Employees with higher levels of expertise may become more highly valued commodities on the job market, thereby reducing their levels of continuance commitment.

true

Informational justice is fostered when authorities, truthfully and candidly, explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner.

true

The moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated because

it is difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, due to its unspoken nature.

Rational persuasion is a tactic designed to appeal to the target's values and ideals, thereby creating an emotional or attitudinal reaction.

false

Research shows that even people with a strong sense of moral identity are still highly susceptible to situational pressures.

false

When considering reinforcement schedules, remember that fixed schedules lead to higher levels of performance than variable schedules.

false

Which of the following questions is used to evaluate informational justice?

Do authorities explain procedures thoroughly?

Which of the following characterizes pooled interdependence?

Group members complete their work assignments independently, and then this work is simply "piled up" to represent the group's output.

Which of the following is true of the ethical component of corporate social responsibility?

It suggests the organization has reached the principled level of moral development.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of deep-level diversity?

Trixie's team of six managers includes two members who see the glass as half-empty while the other four see the glass as half full, and two members who clash on whether a company should be managed top-down or bottom-up.

Which of the following is characteristic of disposition-based trust?

Trust is based on the general propensity of the trustor to trust others.

Which of the following attributes is associated with cognitive-based trust?

integrity

Emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations are known as

intuition

Marisa's boss Luna is often insulting to employees she does not like. Luna also mocks the personal appearance and habits of some of Marisa's coworkers. Luna's behavior is an example of

abusive supervision

At his sales firm, Angus tends to have a negative attitude and deflates his group members by being hostile toward their ideas and accomplishments. Angus fills the individualistic role of

aggressor

This influence tactic occurs when the requestor clearly explains why performing the request will benefit the target personally.

apprising

When there is no acceptable alternative and you cannot win, use the ________ style of conflict resolution.

avoiding

Which of the following is characteristic of social exchange relationships?

based on obligations that are open-ended

Hybrid outcome interdependence bases employee compensation on

both team and individual performance

The aspect of power that involves how important a person's job is and how many people depend on that person to accomplish their tasks is known as

centrality

The type of power most likely to result in negative feelings toward those who wield it is

coercive

Bob has to create a compensation plan for team members at his manufacturing facility. Which of the following approaches would give him the best plan?

combine high task interdependence with high outcome interdependence

Resistance is most likely to occur when the target

considers the request inappropriate or unreasonable.

The process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem is called

decision making

Amy motivates her team, always pushing them to try to improve. Amy fulfils the team task role of

energizer

Geraldo is talking about his new job with his brother. He says he likes this job better than his previous jobs because now he feels respected, and he knows he is doing important work. He has always felt a need to feel this way at work, and now he finally does. Geraldo is describing how his job meets his need for

esteem

Active listening, asking questions, and making one's case are all part of the step in the negotiation process known as

exchanging informatin

Distributive bargaining has a tendency to produce a higher level of outcome favorability when both parties' views are considered, compared with integrative bargaining.

false

Instrumentality reflects the anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance.

false

Justice concepts can be used to explain why authorities decide to act in a trustworthy or untrustworthy manner.

false

Leaders use avoiding when they know they are right and a quick decision needs to be made.

false

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

false

Meaningfulness is a concept in psychological empowerment that reflects a sense of choice in the initiation and continuation of work tasks.

false

Motivation is a set of distinctive, external forces.

false

Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge.

false

Pooled interdependence requires the highest level of interaction and coordination among members as they try to accomplish work.

false

Procedural justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities.

false

Behaviors are reinforced after a certain number of them have been exhibited under a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

fixed ratio

Which of the following answer options is an example of a decision-making bias?

framing representativeness anchoring contrast

Ike, George, and Mike work at an ice producing facility in the same job classification. Ike arrives at work late, produces and loads fewer bags of ice than George and Mike, and never volunteers to sweep up during his break, unlike the other workers. After talking to George and Mike, Ike learns that even though they have all been employed the same length of time, he is being paid two dollars more per hour than they are because they were hired through an outside personnel agency. According to equity theory, which of the following emotions is Ike likely to display?

guilt

What reflects the perceived quality of a company's goods and services in the eyes of the public?

its reputation

The use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement is known as

leadership

Which of the following compensation plan elements result in a change to base pay?

merit pay

The correlation between power and influence on the one hand, and organizational commitment on the other, is

moderate and positive

Which of the following accurately describes the correlation between task interdependence and team performance?

moderate and positive

When actions by individuals in an organization are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests, this is known as

organizational politics

Gilbert would like to foster goal commitment in his department. He decides to do this by encouraging the collaboration of employees and leaders on setting the specific proficiency level and due date for a major production goal so that the employees feel a sense of ownership over the goal. Gilbert has implemented a strategy known as

participation

Keenan had worked at the post office for many years, accepting packages for mailing that customers had packed themselves. Keenan could look at a package and tell if it met mailing specifications, and any corrective actions that needed taken. His quick assessments were based on ________ decisions.

programmed

Moral intensity is driven by two general dimensions: potential for harm and social pressure. Which of the following answer options is a specific facet of the social pressure dimension?

proximity

The type of power that exists when others have a desire to identify and be associated with a person is ________ power.

referent

Which of the following describes the purpose and activities of a parallel team?

to provide recommendations and resolve issues not specifically connected to production

When the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once the period of learning ends, and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job, this is known as

transfer of training

A team with low viability is bound to have problems in the long run.

true

According to expectancy theory, motivational force equals zero if expectancy, instrumentality, or valence is zero.

true

Which of the following is characteristic of the preconventional stage of moral development?

Relationships are based on self-interest, with little concern for loyalty, gratitude, or fairness.

A formalized method of training in which employees observe and learn from employees with significant amounts of tacit knowledge is known as ________ training.

behavior modeling

Sal and Brianna find out that Debby got a 10% annual salary increase, while they each got a 5% increase. Since all three of them had the same level of sales over the last year, Sal and Brianna think the situation lacks:

distributive justice

Goal setting theory argues that assigning employees specific, difficult goals will result in

higher levels of performance

Blaze feels his workers need to know they are doing something that makes a difference to the company. Blaze walks around among his employees and uses phrases such as "moving forward," "being on track," and "getting there" to convey a sense of

impact

Which of the following answer options is one of the concepts of psychological empowerment?

impact competence meaningfulness self-determination

Sharon joined a team that was responsible for boosting sales on last year's electronic models. The team began in January and was scheduled to run until May, meeting once a week. The team consisted of four women, all with marketing and sales background. When the group first met, they learned they had much in common, outside of work. Now, the majority of time each meeting was spent talking about spouses, children, shopping, and hobbies. At the first meeting in March, one of the four said, "You know, we have to have a presentation ready in less than two month." That seems to set everyone in motion. The group quickly divided responsibilities and set to work. The presentation was a success. This scenario describes

punctuated equilibrium

Which motivating force has the strongest effect on performance?

self efficacy or competence

Bernadette would like to generate intrinsic motivation in her employees because she feels it will ultimately lead to better performance. Which of the following outcomes would foster the intrinsic motivation she wants?

skill development

Fault lines develop in diverse groups when informal subgroups form based on similarity in surface-level attributes such as gender or other characteristics.

true

People with legitimate power have the understood right to ask others to do things that are considered within the scope of their authority.

true

Work teams have the highest levels of worker involvement.

true