exam 2

Prevents backflow into the left ventricle. a. Aortic semilunar valve b. Tricuspid valve c. Mitral (bicuspid) valve d. Pulmonary semilunar valve

a. Aortic semilunar valve

Prevents backflow into the left ventricle. a. Aortic semilunar valve b. Tricuspid valve c. Pulmonary semilunar valve d. Mitral (bicuspid) valve

a. Aortic semilunar valve

Prevents backflow into the right ventricle. a. Pulmonary semilunar valve b. Tricuspid valve c. Mitral (bicuspid) valve d. Aortic semilunar valve

a. Pulmonary semilunar valve

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing? a. Purkinje fibers b. atrioventricular bundle c. bundle branches d. atrioventricular node

a. Purkinje fibers

EDV - ESV = a. SV b. EDV c. CO d. ESV e. HR

a. SV

Prevents backflow into the right atrium. a. Tricuspid valve b. Aortic semilunar valve c. Pulmonary semilunar valve d. Mitral (bicuspid) valve

a. Tricuspid valve

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. a. afterload b. preload c. cardiac output d. stroke volume

a. afterload

During the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, _______. a. atrioventricular, aortic, and pulmonary valves are closed b. atrioventricular, aortic, and pulmonary valves are open c. atrioventricular valves are closed; aortic and pulmonary valves are open d. atrioventricular valves are open; aortic and pulmonary valves are closed

a. atrioventricular, aortic, and pulmonary valves are closed

If the mitral valve is unable to close properly, ________. a. blood could flow back into the left atrium b. blood could flow back into the right atrium c. blood could flow back into the right ventricle d.blood could flow back into the left ventricle

a. blood could flow back into the left atrium

The autorhythmicity of the heart's conductive cells is due to a pacemaker potential generated by: a. constant slow leak of Na+ ions b. storage of Ca++ ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system d. rapid outflux of K+ ions e. opening of slow Ca++ channels

a. constant slow leak of Na+ ions

Decreasing HR would typically result in a. decreased CO and/or increased SV b. increased CO and/or decreased SV c. decreased CO and decreased SV d. increased CO and increased SV

a. decreased CO and/or increased SV

Decreased CO would typically result from a. decreased HR and/or decreased SV b. decreased HR and/or increased SV c. increased HR and/or increased SV d. increased HR and/or decreased SV

a. decreased HR and/or decreased SV

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________. a. decreased delivery of oxygen b. a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways c. an inadequate supply of lactic acid d. decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production

a. decreased delivery of oxygen

Increased CO would typically result from a. increased HR and/or increased SV b. increased HR and/or decreased SV c. decreased HR and/or increased SV d. decreased HR and/or decreased SV

a. increased HR and/or increased SV

The plateau phase of an action potential in cardiac muscle cells is due to the ________. a. influx of Ca2+ through slow Ca2+ channels b. efflux of K+ through K+ channels c. influx of Na+ through fast Na+ channels d. efflux of Ca2+ through fast Ca2+ channels

a. influx of Ca2+ through slow Ca2+ channels

when the ventricles contract blood moves a. into the aorta and pulmonary trunk b. into the vena cava and pulmonary veins c. into the atria

a. into the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Initiates impulses (pacemaker) and distributes impulses throughout the heart so that it depolarizes and contracts in an orderly, sequential manner. a. intrinsic conduction system b. fibrous pericardium c. extrinsic conduction system

a. intrinsic conduction system

The hypoxia and tissue death caused by a blockage in coronary circulation is best described as: a. myocardial infarction b. cardiac tamponade c. hypertension d. thrombus

a. myocardial infarction

Which layer of the heart wall contracts to create the heart beat? a. myocardium b. epicardium c. pericardium d. endocardium

a. myocardium

The layer of the pericardium that lines the external wall of the cavity is the a. parietal pericardium b. visceral pericadium

a. parietal pericardium

"fluid around the heart" refers to the build up of fluid in the a. pericardial cavity b. pleural cavity c. lungs d. coronary arteries e. cardial lymphatics

a. pericardial cavity

Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood from the right ventricle? a. pulmonary trunk b. aorta c. venae cavae d. pulmonary veins

a. pulmonary trunk

The AV node (and bundle) helps to a. slow transmission of the action potential into the ventricles b. terminate the heartbeat c.slow transmission of the action potential into the atria d. speed transmission of the action potential into the atria e. speed transmission of the action potential intro the ventricles

a. slow transmission of the action potential into the ventricles

_____ is contraction of the muscle. ____ is relaxation of the muscle a. systole, diastole b. diastole, systole

a. systole, diastole

Blood flows into the atria from the a. vena cava and pulmonary veins b. ventricles c. aorta and pulmonary trunk

a. vena cava and pulmonary veins

The correct sequence of (ventricular) events of the cardiac cycle is a. ventricular filling &γτ; isovolumetric contraction &γτ; ventricular ejection &γτ;isovolumetric relaxation b. ventricular filling &γτ; isovolumetric relaxation &γτ; isovolumetric contraction &γτ;ventricular ejection c. ventricular filling &γτ; ventricular ejection &γτ; isovolumetric contraction &γτ;isovolumetric relaxation d. ventricular filling &γτ; isovolumetric relaxation &γτ; ventricular ejection &γτ;isovolumetric contraction

a. ventricular filling &γτ; isovolumetric contraction &γτ; ventricular ejection &γτ;isovolumetric relaxation

The layer of the pericardium that is also referred to as the epicardium is the a. visceral pericadium b. parietal pericardium

a. visceral pericardium

_____ is the volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after it has contracted a. EDV b. ESV c. stroke volume d. HR e. CO

b. ESV

Which of the following statements is true? a. All arteries transport oxygen rich blood. b. Equal volumes of blood are pumped to the pulmonary and systemic circuits at any moment c. The right side of the heart is the systemic circuit pump d. The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs

b. Equal volumes of blood are pumped to the pulmonary and systemic circuits at any moment

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing? a. atrioventricular node b. Purkinje fibers c. atrioventricular bundle d. bundle branches

b. Purkinje fibers

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to ventricular depolarization? a. none of the above:it is masked b. QRS complex c. T wave d. P wave

b. QRS complex

What is the difference between arteries and veins? a. arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood towards the heart b. arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood c. arteries form the systemic circuit and veins form the pulmonary circuit

b. arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood

If the mitral valve is unable to close properly, ________. a. blood could flow back into the right atrium b. blood could flow back into the left atrium c. blood could flow back into the right ventricle d. blood could flow back into the left ventricle

b. blood could flow back into the left atrium

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? a. sodium b. calcium c. potassium d. chloride

b. calcium

The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called a. cardiac reserve b. cardiac output c. afterload d. preload e. stroke volume

b. cardiac output

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________. a. coronary veins b. coronary arteries c. fossa ovalis d. coronary sinus

b. coronary arteries

Decreasing SV would typically result in a. decreased CO and decreased HR b. decreased CO and/or increased HR c. increased CO and/or decreased HR d. increased CO and increased HR

b. decreased CO and/or increased HR

Which is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system? a. stabilizes extracellular pH b. excretion of wastes out of the body c. thermoregulation d. defense & wound closure

b. excretion of wastes out of the body

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood? a. right and left atria b. left atrium and ventricle c. right atrium and ventricle d. right and left ventricles

b. left atrium and ventricle

The hypoxia and tissue death caused by a blockage in coronary circulation is best described as: a. cardiac tamponade b. myocardial infarction c. hypertension d. thrombus

b. myocardial infarction

Which layer of the heart wall contracts to create the heart beat? a. pericardium b. myocardium c. endocardium d. epicardium

b. myocardium

Isovolumetric contraction ________. a. occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close b. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers c. occurs only in people with heart valve defects d. occurs while the atrioventricular (AV) valves are open

b. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

The ____ of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit to collect oxygen, while the _____ of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circuit to deliver oxygen. a. ventricles, atria b. right side, left side c. left side, right side d. atria, ventricles

b. right side, left side

Afterload is a. pressure due to the volume of blood returning to the ventricle b. the blood pressure in the arteries that the ventricles have to overcome to eject blood c. pressure of the heart chamber walls due to the amount of blood filling them d. ESV-EDV

b. the blood pressure in the arteries that the ventricles have to overcome to eject blood

The layer of the pericardium that lines the surface of the heart is the a. parietal pericardium b. visceral pericadium

b. visceral pericadium

What is the nature of acetylcholine's inhibitory effect on heart rate? a. Acetylcholine causes closing of sodium channels in the sinoatrial node. b. Acetylcholine induces depolarization in the sinoatrial node. c. Acetylcholine causes opening of potassium channels in the sinoatrial node, thereby hyperpolarizing it. d. Acetylcholine causes opening of fast calcium channels in contractile cells.

c. Acetylcholine causes opening of potassium channels in the sinoatrial node, thereby hyperpolarizing it.

_____ is the amount of blood that collects in a ventricle during diastole (filling of ventricles) a. ESV b. HR c. EDV d. CO

c. EDV

Prevents backflow into the left atrium. a. Tricuspid valve b. Pulmonary semilunar valve c. Mitral (bicuspid) valve d. Aortic semilunar valve

c. Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? a. Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria. b. Only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. c. Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity d. Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum.

c. Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to ventricular depolarization? a. T wave b. none of the above:it is masked c. QRS complex d. P wave

c. QRS complex

Select the correct statement about the heart valves. a. Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart. b. The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. c. The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction. d. The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.

c. The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction.

The stimulus for the heart's rhythmic contractions comes from _________. a. a neuromuscular junction b. intercalated discs c. a pacemaker potential d. acetylcholine

c. a pacemaker potential

Atrial systole occurs __________ the firing of the sinoatrial node. a. alternately with b. before c. after

c. after

The plateau portion of the action potential in contractile cardiac muscle cells is due to: a. an increased potassium permeability. b. an influx of sodium ions. c. an influx of calcium ions. d. exit of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

c. an influx of calcium ions.

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? a. atrioventricular (AV) node b. bundle branches c. atrioventricular (AV) valve d. sinoatrial (SA) node

c. atrioventricular (AV) valve

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. chloride

c. calcium

The myocardium is comprised mainly of a. collagen b. hyaline cartilage c. cardiac muscle d. nervous tissue

c. cardiac muscle

__________ do not maintain a stable resting membrane potential. Instead, they have an unstable resting potential that continuously depolarizes, drifting toward threshold for firing. a. contractive heart cells b. skeletal muscle cells c. conductive heart cells

c. conductive heart cells

Decreased CO would typically result from a. increased HR and/or decreased SV b. decreased HR and/or increased SV c. decreased HR and/or decreased SV d. increased HR and/or increased SV

c. decreased HR and/or decreased SV

Increasing HR would typically result in a. decreased CO and/or increased SV b. decreased CO and decreased SV c. increased CO and/or decreased SV d. increased CO and increased SV

c. increased CO and/or decreased SV

Increased CO would typically result from a. decreased HR and/or decreased SV b. decreased HR and/or increased SV c. increased HR and/or increased SV d. increased HR and/or decreased SV

c. increased HR and/or increased SV

Increased CO would typically result from a. decreased HR and/or increased SV b. decreased HR and/or decreased SV c. increased HR and/or increased SV d. increased HR and/or decreased SV

c. increased HR and/or increased SV

Exercise results in skeletal muscles compressing veins which encourages blood to return to the heart. In this scenario, which of the following is correct? a. stroke volume decreases b. venous return decreases c. preload increases d. end diastolic volume (EDV) decreases

c. preload increases

Which is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system? a. thermoregulation b. defense & wound closure c. production of epinephrine d. transport of nutrients & waste

c. production of epinephrine

Which is NOT a vessel that brings blood directly into the right atrium? a. superior vena cava b. inferior vena cava c. pulmonary vein d. coronary sinus

c. pulmonary vein

The ________________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heartbeat. a. autonomic nervous system b. cardiac conduction system c. sinoatrial (SA) node d. atrioventricular (AV) node e. sympathetic division of the nervous system

c. sinoatrial (SA) node

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarization? a. none of the above:it is masked b. P wave c. T wave d. QRS complex

c. t wave

Atrial depolarization begins during a. late atrial systole b. the T wave. c. the P wave. d. the QRS complex.

c. the P wave.

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? a. Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria. c. Only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. d. Only cardiac muscle is capable of audtorhythmicity

d. Only cardiac muscle is capable of audtorhythmicity

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to atrial depolarization? a. QRS complex b. T wave c. none of the above:it is masked d. P wave

d. P wave

Prevents backflow into the right atrium. a. Mitral (bicuspid) valve b. Pulmonary semilunar valve c. Aortic semilunar valve d. Tricuspid valve

d. Tricuspid valve

The plateau portion of the action potential in contractile cardiac muscle cells is due to: a. exit of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. an influx of sodium ions. c. an increased potassium permeability. d. an influx of calcium ions.

d. an influx of calcium ions

Which external appendages create additional space to increase the amount of blood the heart can accept? a. ventricles b. fossa ovales c. atria d. auricles e. vena cava

d. auricles

When the left ventricle contracts, the _____ valve closes and the _____ valve is pushed open. a. tricuspid; aortic b. tricuspid; pulmonary c. bicuspid; pulmonary d. bicuspid; aortic

d. bicuspid; aortic

The majority (80%) of ventricular filling occurs __________. a. passively through blood flow (and not contraction) alone b. during late ventricular diastole c. with atrial systole d. both a and b

d. both a and b

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? a. sodium b. chloride c. potassium d. calcium

d. calcium

Intrinsic control of the heart comes from the a. autonomic nervous system b. hormones c. cardiac contractile cells d. conduction system e. baroreceptor reflex

d. conduction system

Decreasing SV would typically result in a. decreased CO and decreased HR b. increased CO and/or decreased HR c. increased CO and increased HR d. decreased CO and/or increased HR

d. decreased CO and/or increased HR

Your heart seems to "pound" after you hear a sudden, loud noise. This increased contractility is: a. because vagal nerve impulses arrive faster at the heart b. because acetylcholine release is inhibited c. because when a gasp of surprise is emitted, the Frank-Starling law of the heart is eviden d. due to norepinephrine causing threshold to be reached more quickly

d. due to norepinephrine causing threshold to be reached more quickly

Which is most responsible for the synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle tissue? a. small motor units b. desmosomes c. acetylcholine d. gap junctions

d. gap junctions

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected? a. systole b. diastole c. quiescent d. isovolumic contraction

d. isovolumic contraction

Which portion of an ECG corresponds to the repolarization of the atria? a. p wave b. t wave c. qrs complex d. none of the above: atrial depolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

d. none of the above: atrial depolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

the degree to which heart muscle cells are stretched before they contract a. afterload b. contractility c. pacemaker potential d. preload

d. preload

The receiving chambers of the heart include the ________. a. right and left ventricles b. left atrium and ventricle c. right atrium and ventricle d. right and left atria

d. right and left atria

The receiving chambers of the heart include the ________. a. right atrium and ventricle b. left atrium and ventricle c. right and left ventricles d. right and left atria

d. right and left atria

The AV node (and bundle) helps to a. speed transmission of the action potential intro the ventricles b. speed transmission of the action potential into the atria c. slow transmission of the action potential into the atria d. slow transmission of the action potential into the ventricles e. terminate the heartbeat

d. slow transmission of the action potential into the ventricles

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? a. aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid b. bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar c. mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar d. tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

d. tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

Death of heart muscle cells. a. Fibrillation b. Ectopic focus c. Quiescent period d. Ischemia e. Cardiac infarction

e. Cardiac infarction

a condition of rapid and irregular out of phase contraction of ventricular heart muscle cells a. cardiac infarction b. quiescent period c. ectopic focus d. ischemia e. fibrillation

e. fibrillation

Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole. True False

false

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons. True False

false

Acetylcholine (ACh) reduces heart rate. True False

true

Endothelial cells line the interior of blood vessels and the heart. t f

true

If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched, oxygen rich blood would be pumped from the left ventricle to the lungs. True False

true

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. True False

true

The pericardium helps to partition the heart and slow the spread of infection. True False

true

When released in large quantities, thyroxine, a thyroid gland hormone, causes a sustained increase in heart rate. True False

true

When released in large quantities, thyroxine, a thyroid gland hormone, causes a sustained increase in heart rate. True False

true

the myocardium receives its blood supply from coronary arteries t f

true