January 20th- integumentary and intro to cartilage

stress

Additional bones may develop in tendons in response to __________, as the tendons repeatedly move across a joint

heat retention, facial expression, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal

Aside from protection, hair also functions in.... (5 things)

regulate temperature

Aside from releasing pheromones, sudoriferous glands mainly function to ________ _________

larger, insulate

Evolutionary, arrector pili muscles were used to appear _________ to enemies and _________ against the cold, but they are unnecessary in humans today.

ear

Flexible, elastic cartilage supports the external portion of the _____.

exocrine glands

Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct

stratum basale

Hair color is determined by the type and amount of pigment produced in what layer of the epidermis? (think, where the base of the hair follicle is)

stratum lucidum

Hair is not found on skin that contains this layer of epidermis

lead

In the 1900s, traces of metal in hair were often a result of ______

No

Is there a biological reason to shower? yes or no

dynamic, vascular

Living bones are ___________ and highly _________

hormonal injection

Males' mammary glands can be activated via ________ __________

avascular

Mature cartilage is __________

active

Not all hair follicles are ______ at one time. They may be dormant for months

arsenic

Otzi the iceman had elevated levels of _______ in his hair, probably caused by smelting earthen ore for obtaining metal, such as copper.

Fibrocartilage

Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

oblique

Pili always emerge at an __________ angle

dead

Pili are all _______, keratinized cells

epidermal

Pili are produced in the _________ layer, even though it extends deep into the dermis and the underlying subcutaneous layer

NOT

Sebaceous glands are _____ found on palms, lips, and soles of feet

inactive

Sebaceous glands are relatively _______ until puberty

sutural bons

Some adults have extra bones within the joints of the skull. These are called _________ ______

osteology

Study of bones

water, salt, urea

Sweat glands eliminate body materials such as..... (3 things)

inhibitory chemicals

Sweat glands produce __________ ___________ that can prevent the growth of many dangerous microorganisms

hair bulb

Swelling at the base where the hair originates at the base of the hair follicle.

Epithelial cells

The hair bulb consists of ___________ ________

shaft

The portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface

arrector pili muscle

The smooth muscle in the base of the hair follicle. They pull on the hair follicles when they contract

dermal nerves and blood vessels

There is a tiny cluster of what at the base of the hair bulb that help the stratum basale cells of the hair bulb form the hair?

True

True or False: sweat glands are still found on the palms, lips, and soles of feet

Beau's lines

Visible depressions across the width of the natural nail plate. They are possibly due to stress, illness, or malnutrition

parallel fibers of hard keratin

What are the cells that form nails filled with?

blood vessels

What other thing (found in the dermis) helps regulate body temperature?

sweat glands

What secretes pheromones?

distal dorsum

What side of the fingers and toes are nails found?

Otzi

Which famous person had Beau's lines?

lack of pigment

White hair can result from...

less blood supply

Why do toenails grow slower than fingernail?

Lysozyme

an enzyme found in cerumen that is capable of destroying bacterial cells

patellae

an example of a sesamoid bone found at the anterior surface of each knee

hair follicle

an oblique tube that surrounds the hair and extends into the dermis and sometimes subcutaneous layer

wormian bones

another term for sutural bones

hyaline

c-shaped ___________ cartilage rings keep the walls of the trachea and smaller airways open.

vomeronasal organ

detects pheromones

pilus (pili)

hair, a characteristic of all mammals

ceruminous glands

modified sweat glands, located in external ear canal, secretes cerumen

claws

nails evolved from ______ for climbing trees

stratum corneum

nails form from hardened, transparent ________ _________

pheromones

odorless chemicals that serve as social signals to members of one's species

sebaceous glands

oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles

sebum

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands to keep the hair and skin supple

protection

primary purpose of pili in most mammals (except humans)

Cartilage

semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement

lanolin

sheep sebum

sesamoid bones

small, round bones found near joints that vary in number by individuals

mammary glands

specialized sweat glands, found in both males and females, that secrete milk during lactation

Ole Worm (1588-1654)

sutural bones are named after this Danish professor

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands (secrete perspiration onto the surface)

goosebumps

the hair bumps created by arrector pili muscles standing up on the skin in response to cold, fear, etc.

Patellar ossification

the process of developing the kneecap (stops around age 12)

root

the remainder of the hair within the follicle

dried up

the word "skeleton" comes from the Greek meaning "_____ ___"

Chondroblasts

within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

dormitory effect

women grouped together for a period of time in group housing, tend to have synchronized menstrual cycles

cerumen

works with tiny hair in the ear canal to trap foreign particles or small insects to keep them from reaching the eardrum

supporting soft tissue, articulation, a model for bone formation

3 functions of cartilage

dietary deficiency, high fever, radiation, drugs, aging, genetics, changes in hormonal levels

7 causes of hair loss