January 20th- integumentary and intro to cartilage
stress
Additional bones may develop in tendons in response to __________, as the tendons repeatedly move across a joint
heat retention, facial expression, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal
Aside from protection, hair also functions in.... (5 things)
regulate temperature
Aside from releasing pheromones, sudoriferous glands mainly function to ________ _________
larger, insulate
Evolutionary, arrector pili muscles were used to appear _________ to enemies and _________ against the cold, but they are unnecessary in humans today.
ear
Flexible, elastic cartilage supports the external portion of the _____.
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct
stratum basale
Hair color is determined by the type and amount of pigment produced in what layer of the epidermis? (think, where the base of the hair follicle is)
stratum lucidum
Hair is not found on skin that contains this layer of epidermis
lead
In the 1900s, traces of metal in hair were often a result of ______
No
Is there a biological reason to shower? yes or no
dynamic, vascular
Living bones are ___________ and highly _________
hormonal injection
Males' mammary glands can be activated via ________ __________
avascular
Mature cartilage is __________
active
Not all hair follicles are ______ at one time. They may be dormant for months
arsenic
Otzi the iceman had elevated levels of _______ in his hair, probably caused by smelting earthen ore for obtaining metal, such as copper.
Fibrocartilage
Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers
oblique
Pili always emerge at an __________ angle
dead
Pili are all _______, keratinized cells
epidermal
Pili are produced in the _________ layer, even though it extends deep into the dermis and the underlying subcutaneous layer
NOT
Sebaceous glands are _____ found on palms, lips, and soles of feet
inactive
Sebaceous glands are relatively _______ until puberty
sutural bons
Some adults have extra bones within the joints of the skull. These are called _________ ______
osteology
Study of bones
water, salt, urea
Sweat glands eliminate body materials such as..... (3 things)
inhibitory chemicals
Sweat glands produce __________ ___________ that can prevent the growth of many dangerous microorganisms
hair bulb
Swelling at the base where the hair originates at the base of the hair follicle.
Epithelial cells
The hair bulb consists of ___________ ________
shaft
The portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface
arrector pili muscle
The smooth muscle in the base of the hair follicle. They pull on the hair follicles when they contract
dermal nerves and blood vessels
There is a tiny cluster of what at the base of the hair bulb that help the stratum basale cells of the hair bulb form the hair?
True
True or False: sweat glands are still found on the palms, lips, and soles of feet
Beau's lines
Visible depressions across the width of the natural nail plate. They are possibly due to stress, illness, or malnutrition
parallel fibers of hard keratin
What are the cells that form nails filled with?
blood vessels
What other thing (found in the dermis) helps regulate body temperature?
sweat glands
What secretes pheromones?
distal dorsum
What side of the fingers and toes are nails found?
Otzi
Which famous person had Beau's lines?
lack of pigment
White hair can result from...
less blood supply
Why do toenails grow slower than fingernail?
Lysozyme
an enzyme found in cerumen that is capable of destroying bacterial cells
patellae
an example of a sesamoid bone found at the anterior surface of each knee
hair follicle
an oblique tube that surrounds the hair and extends into the dermis and sometimes subcutaneous layer
wormian bones
another term for sutural bones
hyaline
c-shaped ___________ cartilage rings keep the walls of the trachea and smaller airways open.
vomeronasal organ
detects pheromones
pilus (pili)
hair, a characteristic of all mammals
ceruminous glands
modified sweat glands, located in external ear canal, secretes cerumen
claws
nails evolved from ______ for climbing trees
stratum corneum
nails form from hardened, transparent ________ _________
pheromones
odorless chemicals that serve as social signals to members of one's species
sebaceous glands
oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles
sebum
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands to keep the hair and skin supple
protection
primary purpose of pili in most mammals (except humans)
Cartilage
semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement
lanolin
sheep sebum
sesamoid bones
small, round bones found near joints that vary in number by individuals
mammary glands
specialized sweat glands, found in both males and females, that secrete milk during lactation
Ole Worm (1588-1654)
sutural bones are named after this Danish professor
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands (secrete perspiration onto the surface)
goosebumps
the hair bumps created by arrector pili muscles standing up on the skin in response to cold, fear, etc.
Patellar ossification
the process of developing the kneecap (stops around age 12)
root
the remainder of the hair within the follicle
dried up
the word "skeleton" comes from the Greek meaning "_____ ___"
Chondroblasts
within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix
dormitory effect
women grouped together for a period of time in group housing, tend to have synchronized menstrual cycles
cerumen
works with tiny hair in the ear canal to trap foreign particles or small insects to keep them from reaching the eardrum
supporting soft tissue, articulation, a model for bone formation
3 functions of cartilage
dietary deficiency, high fever, radiation, drugs, aging, genetics, changes in hormonal levels
7 causes of hair loss