Exam 2: Cells and Tissues

The phospholipid tails are ----, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water

hydrophobic

What are 2 types of endocytosis?

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?

prophase

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

protein carrier or channel

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as

regeneration

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order 1. The protein folds into its functional shape 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER

4,1,3,2

Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?

atrophy

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ----?

cells

What is required for diffusion to occur?

concentration gradient

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extensive extracellular matrix is called ----?

connective tissue

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ----?

connective tissues

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ----?

cytokinesis

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ----?

cytoplasm

The 3 major components of the cytoplasm are the ----?

cytosol, organelles and inclusions

Tendons and ligaments are classified as ----?

dense connective (fibrous) tissue

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured her ----?

dense connective tissue

----, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

desmosomes

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ----?

do not require ATP

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than though ducts are classified as ----?

endocrine

---- glands posses ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces

exocrine

Looking into a microscope you notice cells swimming propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

flagella

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ----?

gap (communicating) junction

The DNA segment that carries info for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a ----?

gene

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ----?

golgi apparatus

What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)?

inflammation

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

involuntary contractions

Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ----

nervous tissue

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses via cells called neurons?

nervous tissue

What are the 3 basic parts or regions of a cell?

nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytology of the cell are collectively called?

organelles

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ----?

osmosis

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellur fluids?

plasma membrane

What is required for filtration to occur?

pressure gradient

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ----?

prophase, , metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

scar tissue

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ----?

simple squamous epithelium

---- muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs.

smooth

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

stratified squamous epithelium

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

the cell wall shrink

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ----?

tight junctions

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ----?

tissues

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ---- and ----

transcription; translation

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ----?

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

---- tissue is commonly called fat?

adipose