Exam 2: Cells and Tissues
The phospholipid tails are ----, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water
hydrophobic
What are 2 types of endocytosis?
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?
prophase
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?
protein carrier or channel
Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as
regeneration
Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order 1. The protein folds into its functional shape 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER
4,1,3,2
Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?
atrophy
The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ----?
cells
What is required for diffusion to occur?
concentration gradient
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extensive extracellular matrix is called ----?
connective tissue
The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ----?
connective tissues
In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ----?
cytokinesis
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ----?
cytoplasm
The 3 major components of the cytoplasm are the ----?
cytosol, organelles and inclusions
Tendons and ligaments are classified as ----?
dense connective (fibrous) tissue
Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured her ----?
dense connective tissue
----, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.
desmosomes
Passive processes that move substances across membranes ----?
do not require ATP
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than though ducts are classified as ----?
endocrine
---- glands posses ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces
exocrine
Looking into a microscope you notice cells swimming propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?
flagella
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ----?
gap (communicating) junction
The DNA segment that carries info for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a ----?
gene
The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ----?
golgi apparatus
What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)?
inflammation
What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?
involuntary contractions
Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ----
nervous tissue
Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses via cells called neurons?
nervous tissue
What are the 3 basic parts or regions of a cell?
nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
The specialized cellular compartments within the cytology of the cell are collectively called?
organelles
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ----?
osmosis
What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellur fluids?
plasma membrane
What is required for filtration to occur?
pressure gradient
The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ----?
prophase, , metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?
scar tissue
A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ----?
simple squamous epithelium
---- muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs.
smooth
Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?
stratified squamous epithelium
A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.
the cell wall shrink
The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ----?
tight junctions
Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ----?
tissues
The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ---- and ----
transcription; translation
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ----?
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?
transitional epithelium
---- tissue is commonly called fat?
adipose