NUTRITION CHAPTER 7 AND 8

Which of the following best describes vitamin E's role in helping to prevent free radical damage to polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes?

It donates an electron to free radical; lowering its damage potential to membrane molecules.

The body needs this vitamin to synthesize fatty acids.

Niacin

This vitamin can be made from the amino acid triptophan.

Niacin

Which vitamin is a component of acetyl-COA?

Pantothenic acid

Which of the following diseases is associated with vitamin D deficiency?

Rickets

Match each sign/symptom of deficiency with the corresponding water-soluble vitamin.

See iPad

A deficiency in this vitamin can cause pernicious anemia.

Thiamin

T or F? Animal products tend to have to have a fairly constant vitamin level, but the vitamin content of fruit and vegetables may vary depending on factors such as sunlight, moisture, and growing conditions.

True

T or F? Because of the possible vitamin A toxicity, a pregnant women should be wary of retinol containing supplements and avoid retinoid containing medications.

True

T or F? Choline is a vitamin like substance that helps metabolize homocysteine as well as performing a host of other functions, including serving as a component of acetylcholine and phospholipids.

True

T or F? Early diagnosis and supplements can usually alleviate symptoms of biotin deficiency.

True

T or F? High doses of niacin can cause an uncomfortable flushing reaction of the face and arms, along with headache, blurred vision, and in severe cases, liver damage.

True

T or F? In adults, vitamin K deficiency is extremely rare and occurs in people with fat malabsorption problems.

True

T or F? It can take up to 5 to 10 years before vitamin E deficiency symptoms emerge.

True

T or F? Megadoses of vitamin B6 can cause painful, partly irreversible nerve damage that causes numbness in the extremities and interferes with walking.

True

T or F? Pantothenic acid deficiencies are virtually nonexistent, and high intakes of pantothenic acid have no apparent adverse effects.

True

T or F? The live can store up to a year's supply of vitamin A.

True

T or F? The mechanism in which carotenoids in the diet may help to protect the eyes is by inhibiting oxidative damage that contributes to age-related blindness,

True

T or F? To date, thee are no reports of thiamin toxicity. This is likely due to the fact that with increased intake, thiami absorption declines rapidly, and the kidneys quickly excrete the excess thiamin.

True

T or F? Vitamin B12 is unlike other B-vitamins because plants are not good sources of it, and your body stores it in large amounts.

True

T or F? We obtain vitamin K from two sources; food (mostly plant food) and bacteria living in our colons.

True

Collagen, the main fibrous component of skin, bones, tendons, cartilage, and teeth depends on this vitamin to be formed.

Vitamin C

This vitamin consists of a family of eight similar compounds, and although all forms are absorbed, only one is considered for human requirements.

Vitamin E

Newborns are susceptible to what vitamin deficiency if they are not given an injection of this vitamin at birth?

Vitamin K

Most dietary sources of vitamin A come from:

animal food sources

The first symptom of riboflavin deficiency:

appear in the mouth

A common deficiency associated with thiamin is:

beriberi

Carrots, pumpkin, sweet potato, and cantaloupe fall into into the class of carotenoids of:

beta-carotene

Eating too many raw egg whites may adversely affect the absorption of:

biotin

Intestinal cell absorb water-soluble vitamins directly into the:

bloodstream

Vitamin E is primarily stored in:

body fat

The active form of vitamin D is:

calctriol

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in North America an Western Europe; however, it is the leading cause of ___________ worldwide.

childhood blindness

The process that increases the rhodosin concentration in your eyes, allowing them to detect images in the dark better is:

dark adaptation

Vitamin D is considered both a vitamin and an:

hormone

The primary role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which is the active form of vitamin D, is to:

maintain blood calcium and phosphorus levels within a normal range

A deficiency associated with inadequate levels of vitamin C is:

scurvy

Vitamin A's best-known effects are in:

the eyes

Vitamin C can stabilize and restore ___________'s antioxidant properties.

vitamin E

Match each of the toxic effect of megadoses with the corresponding water-soluble vitamins.

1. Flushing of the face and upper body, itching and tingling, liver toxicity - Answer: Niacin 2. Masks B12 deficiency, hives and/or respiratory distress - Answer: Folate 3. Irreversible nerve damage affecting the ability to walk and causing numbness in the extremities - Answer: Vitamin B6 4. Nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nose bleeds, formation of oxalate-containing kideney stones, possible free radical damage - Answer: Vitamin C

Match each toxic effect of megadoses with the corresponding fat-soluble vitamin.

1. Hemolytic anemia Answer: vitamin K 2. Hypercalcermia, bone loss, kidney stones - Answer - Vitamin D 3. Faitgue, vomiting, abdominal pain, bone and joint pain, loss of appetite, skin disorders, headache Answer: Vitamin A 4. Inhibition of platelet adhension and countering vitamins K's blood clotting mechanism Answer: Vitamin E

Match each sign/symptoms of deficiency with the corresponding water-soluble vitamin.

1. Redness around the neck, dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - Answer - Niacin 2. Beriberi, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrom - Answer - Thiamin 3. Shiny, smooth, inflamed tongue, painful mouth, cracks at the corner of the mouth - Answer: Riboflavin 4. Anemia, atherosclerosis development, neural tube defects, adverse pregnancy outcomes, neuropsychiatic disorders - Answer: Folate 5. Microcytic hypochromic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, depression, confusion, convulsions - Answer: Vitamin B6

Which of the following vitamins dissolve in water?

B vitamins, C, thiamin

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the primary coenzyme for which vitamin B-vitamin.

B6

T or F? B vitamins primarily act as enzymes in energy metabolism.

False

T or F? Choline is rarely found in the food supply.

False

T or F? Cooking and other food processing does not destroy folate content in food.

False

T or F? Fifteen minutes of daily sunshine will provide the human body with an adequate supply of vitamin C.

False

T or F? Riboflavin requirements decrease with increasing energy needs.

False

T or F? Vitamin C is similar to vitamin E in that is an antioxidant and it is fat soluble.

False

T or F? Vitamin C is similar to vitamin E in that it is a antioxidant and it is not fat soluble.

False

T or F? Vitamin E deficiency is relatively common and included dizziness, loss of appetite, and irritability.

False

T or F? Vitamins K is required for blood clotting and for skin elasticity.

False

Megaloblastic anemia, characterized by excess amounts of immature red blood cells, is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or this vitamin?

Folate