Exam #2 Ch 5-7

Years of fitness training can be lost in how many weeks?

12

Which of the following statements about the aerobic training effect on other systems is false?

Aerobic training increases the size of the lungs.

A small amount of fat is stored in muscles, and fat is also stored in adipose tissue. This muscle triglyceride may be increased with endurance training. Which are true about energy sources coming from fat? a.During long duration effort, fat utilization increases with time. b.Fat mobilization from adipose tissue is delayed in the first half hour of exercise, but fat use increases as the exercise continues. c.The more training/exercise the more fat is utilized. d.The early supply of energy comes from the muscle triglycerides. e. All f. None

All

Meaningful and purposeful activity can include: a. Walking the dog b. Carrying your own golf clubs or dancing for fun c. Park at a more distant parking spot to get more "steps in" d. House cleaning or gardening e. All f. none

All

Which of the following are attributes of individuals who live well beyond their normal life expectancy? a. All b. None c. moderation in all phases of life d. psychological flexibility e. enjoyment of other people f. participation in an active life

All

Which of the following factors influence and effect aerobic training and fitness? a. Heredity b. Age c. gender d. body fat e. diet, hydration, level of rest f. current health g. All h. none

All

Sarcopenia is an important component of frailty in older people often resulting in increased falls and fractures. Which of the following can help improve symptoms? a. Activities of daily living b. spontaneous physical activity c. stair climbing power d. resistance training e. All f. None

All or maybe none

REM sleep stage is usually accompanied by dreams. If it is interrupted, we may become:

Anxious and irritable

Myoglobin:

Is a compound that carries oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria in muscle fibers.

Which of the following is a role of the hormone epinephrine, which is released during times of stress?

It increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages, help mobilize energy and participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system.

The brain tells the muscles when and how to contract. When the cerebral cortex in the brain makes the decision to move, the action is initiated by the:

Motor Cortex of the brain

The word "cardiac" refers to:

Pertaining to the heart

The second lactate threshold defines the upper limit of sustainable aerobic exercise, is a measure of exercise duration and is an excellent predictor of endurance performance in events lasting from 30 min. to several hours.

True

Each muscle contains thousands of spaghetti-like muscle fibers. The fibers contain the contractile proteins called:

actin and myosin

The Respiratory system has two main functions: getting oxygen into the body and getting rid of:

carbon dioxide

Researchers at the Human Population Laboratory of the California Department of Health have studied the relationship of health to various behaviors or habits. Health and longevity are associated with all of the following except:

eating erratic eating behavior and snacking frequently

Genotype refers to your genetic constitution and the Phenotype is the observable appearance resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment. In sport genetic potential can only be realized when genes are switched on through the process of:

exercise training

As exercise intensity increases, we move from reliance on carbohydrate during low-intensity exercise to an increasing use of fat at higher intensities of effort.

false

As we go from a walk to a jog to a run we sequentially recruit SO (slow twitch fibers), FG (fast twitch fibers), and then FOG (fast oxidative) fibers to help us go faster.

false

When the arteries are narrowed with atherosclerosis, the heart is compromised and is at risk for:

heart attack (myocardial infarction)

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing aerobic fitness?

height

Which of the following aging-related markers is positively affected by exercise?

intelligence and memory

Which of the following would generally be considered a purposeful physical activity?

riding your bicycle to work

"Specificity of Training", gains don't automatically transfer from one activity to another. Central effects (heart, blood, lungs, hormones) may transfer to other activities, but peripheral (in the muscle) changes are unlikely to transfer.

true

Aerobic and anaerobic exercises differ in intensity; aerobic exercise includes all activity that can be comfortably sustained for 15 minutes or more.

true

Anaerobic exercise relies increasingly on nonoxidative energy production and increases the production of lactic acid to levels that begin to inhibit muscular contraction and cause breathing to become labored.

true

Anaerobic threshold is also called the lactate threshold, or the point at which lactic acid produced in muscles begins to accumulate in the blood. It defines the upper limit that can be sustained aerobically.

true

Endurance athletes have a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers and power athletes usually have more fast-twitch fibers.

true

Evaluation of societies around the world have shown that individuals with a low-calorie diet, combined with regular activity and a productive and respected role in society, are likely to maintain better health and obtain a longer life.

true

If we recruit too many fast glycolytic or FG muscle fibers, the effort becomes anaerobic. The fibers produce lactic acid, and we are forced to slow down or stop.

true

Physical training improves insulin sensitivity requiring less insulin to do its work.

true

Purposeful or meaningful physical activity is activity that is done in the normal course of activities of daily living that accomplishes a necessary or meaningful task.

true

Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle mass that comes with age, inactivity, loss of muscle fibers and fiber atrophy.

true

Several hormones can increase blood glucose levels, but insulin is the only one that can move glucose into the muscle during physical activity. This is one reason why diet and exercise are important components of treatment for diabetes.

true

The human body is more adapted, relative to other mammals, as a long-distance endurance athlete rather than a short-distance sprinter.

true

The major effect of aerobic training takes place in the muscles

true

The major effect of aerobic training takes place in the muscles.

true

The stage of REM sleep involves rapid eye movements. This is an important stage, as it may serve as a rest period for the inhibitory nerve cells of the brain.

true

When a person says that they lack the time for physical activity, they are really saying that they place higher priority on other uses of their time over physical activity.

true

To become increasingly physically fit beyond one's general health, often requires going beyond moderate-intensity purposeful physical activity.

true`