Exam 2 Immunology Ch. 6 - Cytokines - Quiz
IL-2 is produced by one cell, and the same IL-2 stimulates that same cell. This type of cytokine activity is called: -autocrine -paracrine -pleiotropic -endocrine
Autocrine
Which cytokine might be given therapeutically to a patient with severe anemia? -Erythropoietin -IL-4 -TGF-beta -Interferon-alpha
Erythropoietin
What is a main function of chemokines? -Enhance synthesis of acute-phase reactants -Establish a concentration gradient to guide cell movement -Protect cells from viral invasion -Inhibit the immune response
Establish a concentration gradient to guide cell movement
IL-3, IL-7, and GM-CSF are all involved in: -macrophage killing -hematopoiesis -T-cell cytotoxicity -suppressing inflammation
Hematopoiesis
A patient is receiving anti-IL-1 therapy to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Based on what you know about IL-1, what potential side effects would be associated with this treatment? -increased numbers of B cells -hypotension -elevated body temperature -increased risk of infection
Increased risk of infection
Select the statement that best describes the action of IL-1. -Increases production of IgE -Increases synthesis of acute-phase reactants -Increases proliferation of Th2 cells. -Inhibits antigen presentation by macrophages
Increases synthesis of acute-phase reactants
Which cells are primary producers of IL-1? -T helper cells -Macrophages -Cytotoxic T cells -B cells
Macrophages
When IL-2 acts on T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, this is an example of: -pleiotropy -antagonism -redundancy -synergy
Pleiotropy
What is the function of IL-17 in the innate immune response? -Producing IFN-g to stimulate C8+ T cells -Recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection -Inducing expression of IL-2 by Th1 cells -Stimulating Th2 cells to produce IL-4
Recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection
Multiple cytokines are activated to cause similar biological effects. What is this process called? -Redundancy -Pleiotropy -Synergism -Antagonism
Redundancy
Which type of cytokine acts as the best defense against gram-negative bacteria? -TGF-beta -IL-2 -TNF -IL-5
TNF
Characteristics of cytokines include which of the following? -They are polysaccharides. -They are produced primarily by the liver. -They are directly cytotoxic to bacteria. -They are chemical messengers that regulate the immune system.
They are chemical messengers that regulate the immune system.
Erythropoietin regulates: -bone marrow cell differentiation. -proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. -the acute-phase response. -T-cell function.
bone marrow cell differentiation.
Acute cardiovascular shock, multi-organ failure, and death are sometimes not directly mediated by bacterial toxins but rather by: -excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines. -IL-10. -complement deficiency. -hyperactive Th2 cells.
excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines.
The primary function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) is to promote: -apoptosis. -diapedesis. -hematopoiesis. -lysis.
hematopoiesis.
A protein released from a virally infected cell that protects other cells from viral invasion best describes: -interferon-alpha. -IL-4. -IL-3. -TNF.
interferon-alpha.
A cytokine "storm" is a: -cytokine-mediated invasion of an infected wound by leukocytes. -systemic transfer of reactive macrophages induced by cytokines. -massive, pathological overproduction of cytokines that contributes to pathogenesis. -psychological response to cytokines that bind hypothalamic receptors.
massive, pathological overproduction of cytokines that contributes to pathogenesis.
Cytokines exhibit pleiotropy, which refers to: -one cytokine inhibiting the activity of another cytokine. -multiple cytokines affecting the same cell. -one cytokine affecting multiple cells. -cytokines acting together to affect a cell
one cytokine affecting multiple cells.
The main target of IL-3 is: -macrophages. -stem cells. -antigen-activated B cells. -antigen-activated T cells.
stem cells.
