Exam 2 Man 6244
Which of the following is not a best practice for becoming more productive
Check social media every two hours
________ is the act of sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome.
Collaboration
The three key elements of equity theory are outputs, inputs, and a _
Comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs
An innate need exists at birth. According to the self-determination theory, which of the following lists the three innate needs
Competence, autonomy, relatedness
Organizational ________ is the host of procedures, policies, routines, and rules that organizations use to get things done.
Practices
Some organizations block employees' access to social media sites. This can
damage employee morale and loyalty
Louis is a member of the marketing team on the Superb Mattress account. Recently, he has emerged as a team leader. His supervisor, Michele, is letting Louis make the final decision as to which campaigns are presented to the client. This provides Louis with
decision-making discretion
Reinforcement schedules are particularly useful when an employee is
learning a new skill.
The tendency to consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive fashion is what common perceptual error related to performance evaluations?
leniency
Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his
mindfulness
Some companies now allow employees to use noise-canceling headphones at work, thinking that it prevents distractions. Others companies disagree, noting that concentration goes down. These companies want to encourage
mindfulness
In the zone of effective communication, all of the following are included except
noise
Linguistic style includes all of the following except
non-verbal behavior
A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during the ________ stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is the principal by-product of Stage 3.
norming
When Penny sees that the sun is shining brightly, she puts on sunglasses. This is
operant behavior.
_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
performance management
Wendy has been the team lead for a year-long mentorship development program in her community. The members of the committee worked hard during the process and overcame budget constraints and other conflicts to implement the program to aspiring musicians in the area. She felt fortunate to have a strong team that cooperated and handled disputes and feedback constructively. According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following stages is Wendy's group experiencing?
performing
Dale enjoys going out to dinner with his girlfriend but he finds it disrespectful that she is continually checking her phone, taking phone calls and he generally feels ignored. Dale's girlfriend is demonstrating
phubbing
A _ theory attempts to describe how various person and environmental factors affect motivation
process
Accurately and appropriately monitoring and evaluating both ________ and ________ are critical components of effective performance management.
progress; outcomes
When a receiver expresses a reaction to the sender's message, he or she is
providing feedback
To minimize halo perceptual error, a manager should
record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year.
_ theory assumes that competency, autonomy, and relatedness influence our behavior and well-being
self-determination
Which of the following is not a group maintenance role
someone who clarifies pertinent values
Your manager decides that everyone has worked really hard this week for a difficult client and is letting everyone go home at noon on Friday. This is an example of which type of reward?
spot
Negative reinforcement is
strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.
________ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines:
Organizational climate
Why do we miss or lose so much of what we hear?
Our cognitive capacity to process words is a higher rate than what people speak
"How much do I value the rewards I receive?" This question addresses
Our valence
Which of the following statements about groups is not true
People who do not conform to group roles are given high status by the group
The two basic goals are
Performance and learning
Justin is deciding whether he should read his speech, deliver it from memory, or use bullet lists of important points using PowerPoint. What step of the TED protocol for effective presentations is he in?
Plan your delivery.
Karla received an outstanding performance review and her manager encouraged her to further her education because she shows initiative and a willingness to do more than what she feels are her abilities. ________ is the emotion Karla is most likely experiencing.
Inspiration
Derek manages his team by promoting trust by making sure his words match his actions. If he promises something, he holds true to his word. He is also guided by morals and being honest. As a virtuous leader, what trait is he exhibiting?
Integrity
The sales department of a mutual fund firm sets goals for the next fiscal year to seek a certain number of mutual funds each month. The firm only sets targets, but provides no other details. These goals are _ goals
Objective
During a group meeting, Nadia comments, ________. She is performing a maintenance role.
"Let's accept and praise the various points of view
Which of the following is not a process theory of motivation
Acquired Needs
Linda wants to leave her company. No one ever seems to do what they say they will do. In addition, her manager's expectations seem to change from one day to the next. Linda is missing
Contractual Trust
Job ____ represents employees' attempts to proactively shape their work characteristics. This could involve expectations to define and create their own job boundaries
Crafting
________ teams are created with members from different disciplines within an organization, such as finance, operations, and R&D.
Cross functional
Tasty Candy Co. is launching a campaign to pick the best new gummy flavor of the year. They're asking all of America to submit their ideas for this new flavor for a chance at winning $100,000. Tasty Candy Co is using
Crowd sourcing
Charlie is concerned with what he considers an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a coworker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using terminology of equity theory, Charlie has decided to
Decrease his inputs
An expectancy of zero means that the person
Does not feel confident in his ability to do the job
________ leads to more effective communication and interaction because people feel heard. It also sends the message that we care about others.
Empathy
Which of the following statements is true?
Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.
_ are the three elements of expectancy theory
Expectancy, instrumental, and valence
René works as a bartender. A few people wave money at her so that she will serve them first. She finds this to be rude and, so, either ignores them or serves them last. People realize that René serves the people who wait politely first, and much of the rude behavior stops. René used the model of
Extinction.
In your job search you have narrowed it down to two companies. One job offer is from a company that is offering great benefits in a town you'd like to live in and the other job offer is from a company that is offering a salary one and a half times as much as the other company along with a sign-on bonus. You decide to take the second job offer based on the financial rewards. What type of reward system do you value?
Extrinsic
Team member characteristics should ________ the responsibilities of the team if the team is to be effective.
Fit
Brenda is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Brenda meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7 percent of her annual salary. Brenda is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can buy a new car. Which of the following is true regarding Brenda's motivation
It is extrinsically motivated
Dylan and Jack are playing a game of chess. Jack wins, and then he touches Dylan on the shoulder and says "good game." What does this communicate?
Jack likes Dylan
Which of the following is not a tip for increasing goal commitment and success
Keep your goals to yourself
_ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially
Maslow's need hierarchy theory
Neil is attending a job fair. He knows that there is a lot of competition for these positions and wants to stand out. Neil practices his greeting and "elevator" pitch in front of a mirror. He brings copies of his résumé and business cards. On each card, he notes his blog site address. On the blog, he has comments on several recent articles about new technologies in this field. Neil is maximizing
Media Richness
What generation prefers instant messaging and texting over phone calls, letters, and reports?
Millennials
________ is widely practiced by employees and in workplaces everywhere. Many companies are now even sponsoring this type of training for their employees
Mindfulness
Which is probably not an attainable goal for a car salesman
Monthly sales of 150 new cars
Job enrichment is based on the _ theory of job satisfaction
Motivator-hygiene
Larry learned that his coworker Simon had a vacation planned with his family for an upcoming reunion and had used all of his paid annual leave. Since Larry knew he wouldn't be using all of his annual leave, he donated three days to Simon. This is an example of ________ behavior in the organization.
Prosocial
Wanda sees a woman struggling with a small child and two bags of groceries. She stops and offers to carry the grocery bags to the woman's car. This is ________ behavior
Prosocial
Research by the Gallup organization on employee strengths shows that employees who reported using their strengths every day at work are 15 percent less likely to
Quit
The perceptual model of communication depicts communication as a process in which
Receivers create meaning in their own mind
What is true about research on the relationship of virtuous leadership to organizational and individual employee performance?
Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables
In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, providing a work environment where employees are not worried about physical or psychological harm fulfills what level?
Safety
_ theory focuses on the needs that drive intrinsic motivation, which is longer lasting and has a more positive impact on task performance than extrinsic
Self-Determination
Interactional Justice is perceived fairness of
The quality of interpersonal treatment received
According to _, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with reward and punishment
Theory X
In order to go on spring break in March, Michelle must have $2,000 in her savings account by February 1 at 5:00 p.m. in order to purchase the plane ticket. Which type of SMART goal is this?
Time-bound
In _ job design, managers change employees' tasks with the intent of increasing motivation and productivity
Top-down
________ is a reciprocal belief that another person will consider how their intentions and behaviors will affect you.
Trust
________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.
Values
Michele is a freelancer who works with a publishing company on an editorial team. She resides in Connecticut, while the company is based in Illinois. Michele attends team meetings via Skype and is in constant email contact. This is an example of a(n) ________ team.
Virtual
________ is the need to see one or more alternative paths to achieve a goal, even when faced with adversity
Waypower
Eileen is on a five-person team in her business strategy class. The team is responsible for participating in a 10-week simulation of a firm in the airline industry. Eileen contributes frequently in discussions in the twice-weekly team meetings. She is exhibiting the ________ style of listening.
active
The law of effect states that
behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated
Based on the contingency approach, to define performance ___ goals can be used in most jobs
behavioral
Erin is getting some funny looks in the office. Every few hours or so she sits up in her desk chair with her feet grounded, closes her eyes and takes a deep breath two times. She is practicing
breathing meditation
A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of
information seeker/giver.
After a recent visit to the grocery store Emily received an email for an optional survey to rate her customer experience during that visit. She didn't really have too much of an opinion and wanted the $5 coupon to be used toward her next visit if she completed the survey. She rushed through the survey and rated all categories as average. This can be described as which perpetual error related to performance evaluation?
central tendency
Dr. Meyers, an accounting professor, is concerned that he was not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asks his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passes out student evaluation forms. Dr. Meyers is
conducting a 360-degree feedback process
The two general categories of motivation theories are
content and process
If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a(n) ________ schedule is in effect.
continuous
Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation
conveying routine feedback
The idea behind job characteristics model is that
core job characteristics lead to critical psychological states
As HR Director at a large manufacturing firm, it is Henry's responsibility to ensure that employees are properly compensated according to a biweekly time schedule. Many of Henry's employees chose to have their pay checks automatically deposited into their designated bank accounts. However, it is still necessary to inform these workers that their pay has been properly deposited. Which of the following communication media should Henry choose to convey this information?
There are two competing explanations about the origin of linguistic styles between men and women: ________ and ________.
evolutionary psychology; social role theory
_____ theory holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes.
expectancy
Which forms of consequences weaken an undesirable behavior?
extinction and punishment
Sharon is the Director of Human Resources at a company that is undergoing a merger with another organization. As a result of the merger, a portion of the combined workforce will be laid off. Sharon understands that even with a lucrative severance package, the news will adversely affect the lives of these employees. Therefore, she wants to break the news to them in a sensitive manner so as to maintain the company's image. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication medium to use in this situation?
face-to-face conversation
A person in the ________ role will encourage all group members to participate.
gatekeeper
Extrinsic rewards come from ________ and intrinsic rewards come from ________.
the environment; oneself
Which of the following does not help guard against social loafing
undesignated roles
Philip got an email from his supervisor with compliments and praises for his work over the past few months. This is an example of a ________ schedule of reinforcement
variable ratio
Timmy is really nervous about his presentation to the board of directors. He tends to stand straight up, move from one foot to the other and hold on to the podium. A better strategy might be to
walk around or stand in particular spots for different lengths of time.
Hope consists of
willpower and waypower
"What are the different needs that activate motivation's direction, intensity, and persistence?" This statement reflects which theories of motivation?
Content
When we are in ________ we are not necessarily thinking about anything; we are just doing.
Flow
Which of the following actions does not foster employee positivity?
Focus only on providing positive feedback.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of high-performing teams?
Focusing on group dynamics
________ groups are assigned by organizations or managers, while ________ groups form when the members' purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest.
Formal; informal
Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. Before being hired, they were interviewed by the team members with whom they were going to work. The team contained members from various areas of the manufacturing process. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks, including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a(n) ________ team.
Self Managed
Harriet is an active member of the large Freshman Orientation board. There are five separate teams on this board, and they all want Harriet as a member because she is good at keeping the team on track. Which of the following behaviors does Harriet exhibit?
She helps plan and organize work; monitors progress; and provides constructive feedback.
Ghandi stated, "If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have had it at the beginning." What emotion does this represent?
efficacy
During the forming stage, team effectiveness is low and independence is
high
People with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display
hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism.
The goal of the job characteristics model is to
increase intrinsic motivation in jobs
Mary is happy to work in a company that fosters great relationships. In particular, Mary is impressed with the level of communication on the group and team level as well as throughout the organization. Overall, her company offers a(n)
positive climate
Rich is part of a newly formed work group. He has been introduced to all the group members, but he still feels like he cannot trust them. The group has not yet chosen a leader, and Rich feels unsure about his exact role within the group. According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following stages is Rich's group currently in?
Forming
Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is not true
Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable ("stretch" goals)
________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.
Group roles and norms
_______ is one advantage of having a face-to-face conversation.
Immediate Feedback
Alicia is meeting with her study group. She is listening to the group, but is also worried about her dad who is scheduled for surgery tomorrow. She hasn't asked as many questions or provided much information as she usually does. Alicia will focus on the conversation for a while, but then sits back and stares ahead. This is an example of a(n) ________ listener.
Involved
Of the following, which is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of distributive justice
Organizational commitment
Grace is going to be leading a meeting of her colleagues to discuss how they might redesign one of their work processes. She decides that she will use a PowerPoint presentation to lay out the problems with the existing workflow. She is in the ________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
Plan your multimedia
Kerry's manager asks her to head up a team reviewing office protocols. Kerry is in a great mood, having received a substantial bonus last week. This indicates that ________ experiences lead us to be more responsive to positive information.
Positive
________ is one characteristic that describes an organization with positive OB
Positive deviance
The perceived fairness of the process used to make allocation decisions is called _ justice
Procedural
A commentator will record and comment on group processes/dynamics, while a(n) ________ will evaluate the quality of group processes.
Standard Setter
Xavier is creating a social media policy for OCA & Associates. He plans to
Stay away from defining what is considered illegal
Which of these is not an element of an effective social media policy
Stay away from defining what is considered illegal.
Syndey takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ________ stage; it is a time of testing.
Storming
Doctor Bradley left a voicemail for his patient to go over the test results of his recent blood work. He asked his patient to promptly call him back. The patient receiving the voicemail interprets the message as urgent and his interpretation of the message is an example of
Decoding
Michelle works for the government regulatory agency that ensures fuel storage tanks and dispensers are in compliance with environmental and commercial laws. Today, Michelle had to inform a convenience store owner that he could not sell fuel until he repaired the leak in his underground storage tank. The owner berated Michelle for several minutes because he was so upset about his business being temporarily closed. Michelle is likely to engage her
Survival orientation
A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
Team
