Exam 2: Moodle Quizzes

Composite tools are tools which are created from putting together two different materials.

True

Depending on which scientist you ask, clays can be defined as a particle size or as a sheet silica with tetrahedral sheets bonded to octahedral sheets.

True

Debitage

Waste from fracturing

Conchoidal fractures

Wave like ripples in the stone

Refitting

Working backwards from debitage to production sequence

Mesolithic

"Middle" within the Stone Age - associated with hunting and gathering and diverse stone tools

Detailed analyses of stone tools and waste flakes at the Late Paleolithic site of Meer in Belgium was able to reveal

All of the above

In order to decipher the history of landscapes, Geomorpologists must look for evidence of agents of change. These can include

All of the above

James Stoltman was able to demonstrate trade of ceramic vessels between sites within the Hopewell Interaction Sphere of the U.S. Midwest by

All of the above

Stone is such an essential and highly studied artifact type in archaeology because

All of the above

Stratigraphy

The physical record of the deposition and ordering of layers of sediments or strata

Hammerstone

Percussion tools made of stone

Mold made

A seam or connection line running down the length of the object

Salado polychrome was shown through mineral and chemical analyses to be

An important tradeware made in the Tonto River Basin of Arizona during the late prehistoric period

Applique

The addition of decorative elements of clay to clay vessels

Preform

A basic blade made to be retouched into other tools

The most reliable and functionally useful raw stone material to use in flintknapping (fracturing stone to make tools) would be types such as

All of the above

The raw materials (clay and clay mixtures) used in making a ceramic have a significant effect on the final product but there are other factors. The final product is also affected by

All of the above

Shards

Broken pieces of pottery (British), temper → A non-plastic (non-clay) material added intentionally to clay

Bulb of percussion

Bulbar mass left from the cone of percussion

Ventral surface

Bulbar or fresh inner surface

Typological Analysis

Classifying the range of finished tools and waste in an assemblage

Sediments are composed of particles of varying compositions, sizes and shapes. What is the correct size order for the labels for particles from smallest to largest?

Clay, slit, sand, gravel

Ceramic technology

Creation of a "rock" or brittle object by people from soft, plastic material, lithics → Worked stone objects made by people from raw stone material

Flintknapping

Experimental practice of chipping stone to learn about fracture mechanics

Clays, are a naturally occurring sediment type, and are all similar and equally usable for making successful ceramic objects

False

Retouch and Refitting are synonymous for putting lithic production sequences back together to discern the "chaine operatoire".

False

The transition to Blade Technology in the Upper Paleolithic represented a significant decrease in the efficiency of use of raw material.

False

Wheat thrown

Horizontal circular bands on inside of the vessel and sometimes the outside

Harris Matrix

Method for describing and diagramming the chronological order of the layers and features in a deposit

Inclusions

Naturally occurring non-plastic material present in clay, polychrome → Use of at least three colors in the decoration of a vessel

Paleolithic

Old Stone Age - associated with chipped and flaked stone

What are anthropogenic sediments?

Particulate matter like soils, silts, gravel etc... produced or affected by human activity

Striking platform

Place where force is applied to remove a flake

Coil method

Remnants of ropes of clay in the vessel wal

Oxbow Lake

River meanders which become cut off and create closed bodies of water

Indirect percussion flaking

Striking another material such as antler to remove flakes

Geomorphology

Studies landforms or the shape of the Earth's surface and how they have changed through time

Micromorphology

Studies sediments at the microscopic level and particularly useful for anthropogenic sediments

"Chaine Operatoire"

Studying the steps in the chain or process of production to identify behavior

Dorsal surface

The outer surface of the flake which shows previous flake scarring

Clays are minerals

True

Core

First stage in tool making,

Neolithic

New Stone Age - associated with farming and grinding stone

Petrographic Microscope

Tool for studying sediments at the micro level

Sherds

Broken pieces of pottery (American)

Microwear analysis

Functional analyses using microscopic examination of edges

Pressure flaking

Flake removal by pressing a point on the stone

Paddle-and-anvil

Indentations on the interior walls as if the wall was pounded from the outside against another objec

Percussion flaking

Striking stone with stone to remove flakes