Exam 2

Adults move through about ________ different cycles of non-REM and REM sleep every night, with each cycle lasting roughly ________ minutes. A. 4-6; 90 B. 2-3; 40 C. 8-10; 10 D. 12-14; 2-3

A. 4-6; 90

______________ memories are the ones that require conscious effort for retrieval. A. Explicit B. Procedural C. Working D. Echoic

A. Explicit

Which of the following conditions is a predominant feature of amphetamine psychosis? A. Hallucination B. Nausea C. Hypersomnia D. Narcolepsy

A. Hallucination

If a drug slows down central nervous system activity while increasing the activity of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, then it is most likely to be a(n): A. depressant. B. vasodilator. C. corticosteroid. D. opioid.

A. depressant.

Which of the following can be classified as an opioid? A. Pentobarbital B. Morphine C. Chlordiazepoxide D. Diazepam

B. Morphine

____________, the retention of memory over time, is the third stage of long-term memory formation. A. Consolidation B. Encoding C. Storage D. Retrieval

C. Storage

The ability to focus awareness on specific features in the environment while ignoring others is termed as: A. sustained attention. B. focused attention. C. selective attention. D. Stroop effect.

C. selective attention.

The legal limit of blood alcohol concentration for driving in all states of the United States is ________ BAC. A. 0.1 B. 0.03 C. 0.05 D. 0.08

D. 0.08

________ is a clear, hard covering that protects the lens. A. Retina B. Iris C. Pupil D. Cornea

D. Cornea

Which psychologist coined the term preconscious? A. Piaget B. Skinner C. Erikson D. Freud

D. Freud

____________ is the ability to store and use information. A. Amnesia B. Retrieval C. Schema D. Memory

D. Memory

What part of memory stores limited information long enough to remember a phone number before one dials it? A. Sensory memory B. Implicit memory C. Long-term memory D. Short-term memory

D. Short-term memory

In which state will a person be wakeful but not very aware? A. Active B. Daydreaming C. Cogitating D. Vegetative

D. Vegetative

The ______ is involved in assigning emotional significance to events and is crucial in encoding information relevant to emotional experiences. A. thalamus B. fornix C. hippocampus D. amygdala

D. amygdala

_______ are photoreceptors that are responsible for color vision and are most functional in conditions of bright light. A. Cones B. Rods C. Lenses D. Fovea

a. cones

Which part of the eye is responsible for bending light rays so that light can be focused on the retina? A. The iris B. The pupil C. The cornea D. The lens

b. pupil

The ________ is a thin layer of nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye. A. pupil B. retina C. iris D. lens

b. retina

The colored part of the eye, which is called the _______, adjusts the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye. A. pupil B. lens C. iris D. fovea

c. iris

________ are photoreceptors in the retina that play a key role in night vision, as they are most responsive to dark and light contrast. A. Lenses B. Glial cells C. Cones D. Rods

d. rods

Which of the following refers to a phenomenon by which one fails to notice unexpected objects in her or his surroundings? A. Inattentional blindness B. Subliminal perception C. Change phenomenon D. Visual masking

A. Inattentional blindness

Which of the following is a form of mental training that can be used to calm the mind, stabilize concentration, or enhance awareness of the present moment? A. Meditation B. Sleep C. The administration of a psychoactive drug D. Sensory deprivation

A. Meditation

Which hormone plays a role in relaxation and drowsiness in human beings? A. Melatonin B. Serotonin C. Dopamine D. Cortisol

A. Melatonin

Which of the following is a powerful stimulant that is more difficult to quit and also reduces blood supply to skin tissue? A. Nicotine B. Caffeine C. Endorphin D. Heroin

A. Nicotine

________ is the act of organizing and interpreting sensory experience. A. Perception B. Sensation C. Convergence D. Detection

A. Perception

Which of the following is an attentional process that helps determine the contents of consciousness at any given moment in time? A. Sustained attention B. Flashing attention C. Alternating attention D. Divided attention

A. Sustained attention

Raj is an employed youth who has been recently moved to a night shift. Of late, he has been complaining of disturbed sleep and poor concentration. He also feels fatigued and listless more often. A change in _____ is most likely to have caused Raj's problems. A. circadian rhythm B. ultradian rhythm C. nocturnal rhythm D. infradian rhythm

A. circadian rhythm

The vibrations on the oval window send movement through the fluid-filled cavity of the _______. A. cochlea B. pinnae C. anvil D. semicircular canals

A. cochlea

Which of the following can be best described as a condition that results from habitual use or physical and psychological dependence on a substance? A. Hallucinations B. Addictions C. Stroop effect D. Hypnosis

B. Addictions

How many stages are there to non-REM sleep? A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six

B. Four

Jiao is trying to remember where she kept the receipt of the birthday gift she bought her mother. In which stage of long-term memory processing is Jiao engaged? A. Storage B. Retrieval C. Encoding D. Consolidation

B. Retrieval

_______ is the stimulation of our sense organs by the outer world. A. Organelle B. Sensation C. Perception D. Interpretation

B. Sensation

___________ is made up of the brief traces of a sensation left by the firing of neurons in the brain. A. Short-term memory B. Sensory memory C. False memory D. Long-term memory

B. Sensory memory

The monitoring of information from the environment and from one's own thoughts is termed as: A. intelligence. B. awareness. C. wakefulness. D. memory.

B. awareness.

The _______, a spot on the back of the retina, contains the highest concentration of cones in the retina. A. cornea B. fovea C. pupil D. iris

B. fovea

John is a heavy binge drinker who has trouble with planning, working memory, and abstract thinking. Scanning of John's brain would reveal that he has a damaged: A. parietal lobe. B. frontal lobe. C. occipital lobe. D. temporal lobe.

B. frontal lobe.

Salim likes to have coffee. He has begun to consume several cups of coffee even when he has nothing much to keep himself busy. He says that coffee keeps his spirits up by alleviating boredom. This indicates that Salim A. has kept himself away from an overdependence on coffee. B. has developed a psychological dependence on coffee. C. has developed a physical dependence on coffee. D. is experiencing withdrawal symptoms.

B. has developed a psychological dependence on coffee.

After entering through the cornea, light passes through liquid until it reaches a hole called the _______. A. iris B. pupil C. fovea D. lens

B. pupil

_______________ memory is one's memory for the experiences one has had. A. Echoic B. Semantic C. Episodic D. Implicit

C. Episodic

Which of the following is a hallucinogen that is also recommended and prescribed for people who suffer chemotherapy-related nausea or the involuntary weight loss due to AIDS? A. Dextroamphetamine B. Oxycodone C. Marijuana D. Ecstasy

C. Marijuana

What does REM stand for? A. Repetitive eye movement B. Random eye movement C. Rapid eye movement D. Reflexive eye movement

C. Rapid eye movement

Nina is attending a get-together where she has to struggle to listen to a conversation with her colleague due to a lot of background noise. However, her ears prick up as soon as she hears her name being mentioned by someone in another part of the room and, consequently, she loses the thread of conversation with her colleague. Which of the following terms best describes the experience Nina has? A. The serial-position effect B. The Stroop effect C. The cocktail party effect D. Perceptual constancy

C. The cocktail party effect

The string of digits 17749991941 is difficult for most people to remember, but breaking them up into 1774, 999,1941 in a process called ____________ makes it easier. A. method of loci B. deep processing C. chunking D. rehearsing

C. chunking

Of the following, ____________ is the first processing stage in long-term memory. A. storage B. retrieval C. encoding D. consolidation

C. encoding

When one knows or remembers something but does not consciously know that one remembers it, then one is said to be tapping into: A. semantic memory. B. explicit memory. C. implicit memory. D. episodic memory.

C. implicit memory.

Nathan is a budding lawyer experiencing troubled sleep. Let alone the occasional disturbed sleep, he takes not less than two hours to fall asleep. Even though he has been getting sleep at times since the last three weeks, he complains of not feeling rested after a night's sleep. Nathan's symptoms suggest that he suffers from: A. Kleine-Levin Syndrome. B. hypersomnia. C. insomnia. D. somniphobia.

C. insomnia.

Memories of one's first pet and how to read reside in: A. short-term memory. B. sensory memory. C. long-term memory. D. primary memory.

C. long-term memory.

People show signs of intentional behavior when they are: A. in an unconscious state. B. comatose. C. minimally conscious. D. in a subconscious state.

C. minimally conscious.

The trichromatic theory of color vision states that all colors humans experience result from a mixture of: A. white, red, orange B. black, yellow, green C. red, blue, and green D. green, yellow, blue

C. red, blue, and green

When a person is roused by sounds that seem important while filtering out the rest that seem run-of-the-mill, he/she is in a(n) ________ state. A. minimally conscious B. objectively conscious C. subjectively conscious D. moderately conscious

D. moderately conscious

With EEG technology, scientists were able to learn that: A. the brain can slip into states of minimal consciousness. B. the brain was relatively inactive during sleep. C. there is no distinct pattern of brain activity during sleep. D. sleep changes throughout the night.

D. sleep changes throughout the night.