exam 2: study guide

definition of culture by authors ?

- "Culture that make up their experiences—the rules of living a functioning in a particular society."

What is the definition of Listening by the authors ?

- "Listening is an active process of receiving and understanding messages received either through listening to words or by reading text. (page 106)"

Within the different types of listening problems, what is Bias ?

- Any assumption or attitude about a person or group before we hear the whole story.

Within dialecticals, what are the three types ?

- Autonomy and connectedness - Novelty and predictability - Openness and closeness

what are ways we can become better critical listeners?

- Be a skeptic - Evaluate a speaker's credibility - Understanding probability

what is HURIER ?

- Becoming better listener, six steps: - Hearing - Understanding - Remembering - Interpreting - Evaluate - Responding

Within the different types of listening problems, what is Medium distraction ?

- Channel through which the message is delivered causes a distraction. (ex. broken tech)

Within cultural value dimensions, what is power distance ?

- High power distance: some individuals hold their power while other hold none. - Low power distance: less rigid power structures.

Within cultural value dimensions, what is Individualism vs. collectivism ?

- Individualism culture: emphasis placed on individuals over the group. - Collectivism culture: emphasis placed on the group over the individual.

within facial communication, what are different ways of masking our emotions ?

- Neutralising: process of controlling facial expression to erase or numb how you feel. - Masking: hiding an expression connected to a felt emotion and replacing it with one more appropriate expression for the situation - Intensification: expression that exaggerates how you feel about something. - Deintensification: reducing the intensity of your facial expression signifying and emotion.

Within facial expression, what are the six basic emotions ?

- Sadness: eyes and eyelids -anger: forehead, mouth, brows, cheeks - disgust: multiple areas, bridge of nose - fear: eyes and eyelids - happiness: lower facial region - surprise: all facial regions

Within the different types of listening problems, what is Source distraction ?

- Sender does something that limits our ability to listen. (ex. speech issues)

Within the different types of listening problems, what is situational distraction?

- Things in the environment that distract the listener. (ex. TV)

Within personal perspectives, what is relational cultures ?

- Unique private world that can be sustained by partners in a relationship.

what is ethnocentrism ?

- ethnocentrism—placing your own cultural beliefs in a superior position, leading to a negative judgment of other cultures.

Within cultural value dimensions, what is uncertainty avoidance ?

- high uncertainty avoidance: stringent rules and schedules. - Low uncertainty avoidance: less rigid rules

Within cultural value dimensions, what is time orientation ?

- long term: emphasis processes for tasks. - short term: emphasis efficiency.

Within cultural value dimensions, what is masculinity vs. femininity ?

- masculinity: traits of assertiveness, competitiveness, and aggressiveness. - Femininity: being caring and compassionate.

Within dialecticals, how do we handle them ?

- selection: satisfying one of two traits - separation: satisfy our needs separately - neutralization: both needs partially met - refraining: transform the two needs so that they're no longer opposites.

what is somatyping ?

- ways which we classify people's body type.

what are deception cues ?

within our eyes, a person being less forthright. ( ex. lying and not looking someone in the eye)