Exam 2: Weathering and Erosion

what are soil horizons?

is a layer parallel to the soil surface, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. Each soil type usually has three or four horizons. Horizons are defined in most cases by obvious physical features, chiefly colour and texture.

Mitigation measures

is any action taken to permanently eliminate or reduce the long-term risk and hazards of climate change to human life, property.

Weathering types and example

is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, and biological activity. It does not involve the removal of rock material. There are three types of weathering, physical, chemical and biological.

Differential Weathering

the difference in degree of discoloration, disintegration, etc., of rocks of different kinds exposed to the same environment.

Erosion

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

Soil Erosion

Erosion occurs when the soil is left exposed to rain drops and wind which can both easily dislodge surface soil particles.

Weathering vs Erosion

_____is the process where rocks are worn away or broken down into smaller pieces by wind ,water or plants etc._____ happens when these broken rocks and sediments are picked up & moved to another place by ice, water or wind

Karst Topography

____is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. ... Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes.

What is weathering?

____is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface. Water, ice, acids, salt, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of ______

Exogenic

Exogenic processes include geological phenomena and processes that originate externally to the Earth's surface. They are genetically related to the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and therefore to processes of weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, denudation etc.

Endogenic Processes

The Earth is shaped by many different geological processes. The forces that cause these processes come from both above and beneath the Earth's surface. Processes that are caused by forces from within the Earth are endogenous processes. By contrast, ____ processes come from forces on or above the Earth's surface.