Pharmacology Final Review

By which action does atorvastatin (Lipitor) decrease lipid levels? A. Inhibiting absorption of dietary cholesterol in the small intestine B. Binding to bile in the intestinal tract, forming an insoluble complex that is excreted in the feces C. Stimulating the biliary system to increase excretion of dietary cholesterol D. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver

D. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver

The nurse would suspect excessive thyroid replacement in a patient taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) when the patient is exhibiting which adverse effect? A. Depression B. Intolerance to cold C. Weight gain D. Irritability

D. Irritability

The nurse needs to be aware that which factors will affect the absorption of orally administered medications? (Select all that apply.) a. Presence of food in the stomach b. pH of the stomach c. Patient position upon intake of medication d. Form of drug preparation e. Time of day

a, b, d, e

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the primary molecule in the body that serves to transfer genes from parents to offspring, is composed of four different organic bases. Which is not one of the four organic bases of DNA? a Adenine (A) b Guanine (G) c Uracil (U) d Cytosine (C)

c Uracil (U)

The emergency department nurse is documenting the history of a patient of Asian culture. The patient states that she does not take any medications, but the nurse notes a bottle of capsules in the patient's purse. What information will the nurse collect next? a Vital signs b Primary care provider name c Use of herbs or over-the-counter medications d Insurance information

c Use of herbs or over-the-counter medications

A nurse is providing education to a patient taking two different medications. The nurse identifies which characteristic as the advantage of salmeterol (Serevent) over other beta2 agonists such as albuterol (Proventil)? A. Shorter onset of action B. Better side effect profile C. Quicker peak action D. Longer duration of action

D. Longer duration of action

A patient receiving an anticholinergic drug to treat nausea and vomiting should be taught to expect which side effect? A. Diarrhea B. Lacrimation C. Dry mouth D. Bradycardia

C. Dry mouth

The physician orders ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), albuterol (Proventil), and beclomethasone (Beclovent) inhalers for your patient. Put the drugs in the correct order in which they will be administered. 1. beclomethasone (Beclovent) 2. ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) 3. albuterol (Proventil)

3, 2, 1

A nurse working with patients who are diagnosed with ADHD is aware such patients often take CNS stimulant drugs. These medications are potent with a high potential for abuse and dependence. Based on this potential, how are these medications classified? A Schedule I B Schedule II C Schedule III D Schedule IV

B Schedule II

Patient teaching for a patient receiving allopurinol (Zyloprim) should include which information? A. "Increase your fluid intake to 3 L per day." B. "Include salmon and organ meats in your diet on a weekly basis." C. "Take the medication with an antacid to minimize gastrointestinal distress." D. "This medication may cause your urine to turn orange."

A. "Increase your fluid intake to 3 L per day."

Which is a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient receiving desmopressin (DDAVP)? A. Risk for injury B. Acute pain C. Excess fluid volume D. Deficient knowledge regarding medication

C. Excess fluid volume

Patient teaching for a patient being discharged on a beta blocker includes which statement? A "If you take your pulse and it is less than 60, hold your medicine and call your health care provider for instructions." B "If you become dizzy, do not take your medication for 2 days and then restart on the third day." C "This medication may make you fatigued; increasing caffeine in your diet may help alleviate this problem." D "Increase intake of green leafy vegetables to prevent bleeding problems that can be caused by this medication."

A "If you take your pulse and it is less than 60, hold your medicine and call your health care provider for instructions."

The patient asks the nurse to explain the difference between carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) and ropinirole (Requip). How will the nurse respond? A "Ropinirole is a dopamine agonist that has fewer side effects than carbidopa-levodopa." B "Carbidopa-levodopa is less effective than ropinirole in treating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease." C "Both drugs have the same pharmacodynamic and side effect profiles." D "Carbidopa-levodopa acts as a dopamine agonist, whereas ropinirole directly replaces dopamine."

A "Ropinirole is a dopamine agonist that has fewer side effects than carbidopa-levodopa."

While obtaining a patient history, the nurse notes that the patient has been prescribed ethosuximide (Zarontin). Which condition will the nurse suspect that the patient experiences? A Absence seizures B Tonic-clonic seizures C Panic attacks D Partial seizures

A Absence seizures

While completing discharge activity for a patient prescribed an antiepileptic drug, the nurse instructs the patient that what potential complication could occur if he or she abruptly stopped taking the antiepileptic drug? A Rebound seizure activity B Acute withdrawal syndrome C Hypotension D Confusion and delirium

A Rebound seizure activity

What is another approved and indicated use for bupropion (Zyban), a second-generation antidepressant? A Orthostatic hypotension B Smoking cessation C Anorexia in patients undergoing chemotherapy D Nocturnal enuresis in children

B Smoking cessation

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) both function by which mechanism? A Blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters at nerve endings B Increasing alertness levels in the brain C Decreasing levels of epinephrine and serotonin at nerve endings D Increasing the placebo effect

A Blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters at nerve endings

When teaching a patient about carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet), what information will the nurse include in the teaching? A Carbidopa decreases levodopa's conversion in the periphery, increasing the levodopa available to cross the blood-brain barrier. B Carbidopa increases levodopa's conversion in the periphery, enhancing the amount of dopamine available to the brain. C Giving both drugs together minimizes side effects. D Carbidopa crosses the blood-brain barrier to increase the metabolism of levodopa to dopamine in the brain.

A Carbidopa decreases levodopa's conversion in the periphery, increasing the levodopa available to cross the blood-brain barrier.

The nurse monitors a patient taking an antipsychotic medication for extrapyramidal side effects. What is the nurse assessing for in the patient? A Dystonia B Orthostatic hypotension C Dry mouth and constipation D Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A Dystonia

The nurse instructs a patient receiving phenytoin (Dilantin) to visit the dentist regularly and perform frequent oral hygiene. What common side effect is the nurse educating the patient about for this medication? A Gingival hyperplasia B Oral candidiasis C Increased risk of dental abscesses D Increased incidence of dental caries

A Gingival hyperplasia

When assessing for side effects expected in a patient taking analeptics, the nurse would monitor for which effect? A Insomnia B Bradycardia C Hypotension D Decreased mental alertness

A Insomnia

The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient taking metoprolol (Lopressor) would be A Risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to effects of medication. B Acute confusion related to adverse central nervous system effects of the drug. C Deficient knowledge related to therapeutic regimen. D Risk for injury related to possible side effects of the adrenergic blockers.

A Risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to effects of medication.

A patient with Parkinson's disease is discussing a recent bout of insomnia with the nurse. The patient asks if he can take an old prescription he has to treat insomnia. What does the nurse know about the use of benzodiazepines in patients taking levodopa? A Use of benzodiazepines decrease the therapeutic effect of the levadopa and may result in an increase in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. B Use of benzodiazepines increases the therapeutic effect of the levadopa and may result in a decrease in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. C Use of benzodiazepines decreases the therapeutic effect of the levadopa and may result in a decrease in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. D Use of benzodiazepines increase the therapeutic effect of the levadopa and may result in an increase in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

A Use of benzodiazepines decrease the therapeutic effect of the levadopa and may result in an increase in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

When assessing for cardiovascular effects of an adrenergic (sympathomimetic) drug, the nurse understands that these drugs produce A a positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. B a positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect. C a negative inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. D a negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect.

A a positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect.

The mother of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who has been prescribed methylphenidate (Ritalin) expresses concern regarding the use of a controlled substance to treat her child and asks if there are any other options. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that an option for treatment for ADHD might include which non-controlled central nervous system (CNS) stimulant? A atomoxetine (Strattera) B dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine) C methylphenidate (Concerta) D amphetamine aspartate (Adderall)

A atomoxetine (Strattera)

The nurse is admitting a patient with a history of angina and hypertension who is currently experiencing moderate heart failure. The patient's current medication regimen includes digoxin (Lanoxin), furosemide (Lasix), and quinapril (Accupril). Which medication would be most beneficial for the health care provider to add to this patient's treatment plan? A carvedilol (Coreg) B propranolol (Inderal) C esmolol (Brevibloc) D sotalol (Betapace)

A carvedilol (Coreg)

The physician has ordered dopamine to treat the patient's hypovolemic shock secondary to severe blood loss. For the medication to be effective, the physician must also order A fluid replacement. B beta-stimulating drugs. C antibodies. D fluid restriction.

A fluid replacement.

A patient is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg and furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg. When the nurse enters the room, the patient states, "I think I need to take a nap. Everything is starting to look a little yellow." Which action will the nurse take? A. Evaluate the patient for other symptoms of digoxin toxicity. B. Withhold the furosemide. C. Administer the medication as ordered. D. Document the findings and reassess in 1 hour.

A. Evaluate the patient for other symptoms of digoxin toxicity.

Ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine tartrate (Ergostat) exert a therapeutic effect by causing A vasoconstriction. B vasodilation. C blockade of the beta2 receptors. D simulation of the alpha receptors.

A vasoconstriction.

Which instruction should be included in the discharge teaching for a patient with a transdermal nitroglycerin patch? A. "Apply the patch to a nonhairy, nonirritated area of the upper torso or arms." B. "Apply the patch to the same site each day to maintain consistent drug absorption." C. "If you get a headache, remove the patch for 4 hours and then reapply." D. "If you get chest pain, apply a second patch right next to the first patch."

A. "Apply the patch to a nonhairy, nonirritated area of the upper torso or arms."

7. After administering oxybutynin (Ditropan) to a patient with spina bifida, the nurse is assessing the patient for therapeutic effects. What is the nurse assessing for in the patient? A. Decreased muscle twitches B. Decreased urinary frequency C. Increased bowel movements D. Increased heart rate

B. Decreased urinary frequency

The patient is prescribed 30 units regular insulin and 70 units NPH insulin subcutaneously every morning. The nurse will provide which instruction to the patient? A. "Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin." B. "Mixing insulins will help increase insulin production." C. "Rotate sites at least once weekly." D. "Use a 23- to 25-gauge syringe with a 1-inch needle for maximum absorption."

A. "Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin."

The nurse is teaching the mother of a 1-year-old patient how to instill ear drops for OE. What instructions on instillation does the nurse provide to the mother? A. "Hold the pinna down and back." B. "Just put in as many drops as you can get into the ear." C. "Put a cotton ball in to keep the medication in the ear." D. "Keep the ear drops in cold place so they work better."

A. "Hold the pinna down and back."

Which statement, if made by your patient, signifies that additional patient teaching regarding antihypertensive treatment is required? A. "I will check my blood pressure every day and take my medication when it is over 140/90." B. "I will include rest periods during the day to help me tolerate the fatigue my medicine may cause." C. "I will change my position slowly to prevent feeling dizzy." D. "I will not mow my lawn until I see how this medication makes me feel."

A. "I will check my blood pressure every day and take my medication when it is over 140/90."

Which statement by the patient demonstrates an understanding of discharge instructions on the use of levothyroxine (Synthroid)? A. "I will take this medication in the morning so as not to interfere with sleep." B. "I will double my dose if I gain more than 1 pound per day." C. "I will stop the medication immediately if I lose more than 2 pounds in a week." D. "I can expect to see relief of my symptoms within 1 week."

A. "I will take this medication in the morning so as not to interfere with sleep."

A patient is prescribed epinephrine eye drops for treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma. The patient complains of burning with instillation of the drops. How would the nurse respond to the patient? A. "This is a typical adverse effect and may lessen over time. If this continues, we need to schedule an appointment with your provider." B. "That should not occur. Come to the office now." C. "This only occurs if the drop is not placed in the correct area of the eye." D. "This is normal and will continue as long as you use the drops."

A. "This is a typical adverse effect and may lessen over time. If this continues, we need to schedule an appointment with your provider."

A patient taking oral contraceptives is being treated for a urinary tract infection with antibiotics. Which information should the nurse include as education related to the oral contraceptives? A. "Use an alternative method of birth control this month during antibiotic use." B. "The urinary tract infection can be passed to your partner, so he should be screened." C. "Be sure to complete the full course of antibiotics." D. "There is no interaction of oral contraceptives and antibiotics."

A. "Use an alternative method of birth control this month during antibiotic use."

The patient weighs 44 pounds and is to receive a loading dose of digoxin. The loading dose is to be 0.03 mg/kg in three divided doses. How much will the nurse administer per dose? A. 0.2 mg B. 0.3 mg C. 0.4 mg D. 0.6 mg

A. 0.2 mg

A patient has been prescribed monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. What known disorder or disease is a contraindication and would alert the nurse to question the order for this class of drugs? A. AIDS B. Hypertensive crisis C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease D. Nephrotic syndrome

A. AIDS

Which information is of highest priority when obtaining a pharmacologic history from a patient? A. Allergies B. Use of over-the-counter medications C. Home remedy use D. Alcohol intake

A. Allergies

A patient is making an appointment for allergy testing. The nurse instructs the patient not take what class of medications at least 4 days before allergy testing? A. Antihistamines B. Decongestants C. Bronchodilators D. Antitussives

A. Antihistamines

What cells are the functional cells of the humoral immune system that mature into immunoglobulins? A. B cells B. Granulocytes C. T cells D. Red blood cells

A. B cells

The patient has a serum digoxin level drawn and it comes back 0.4 ng/mL. How does the nurse interpret this lab value result? A. Below the therapeutic level B. A therapeutic level C. Above the therapeutic level D. A toxic level

A. Below the therapeutic level

When assessing for potential toxicity to PTU, the nurse will monitor the patient for changes in which laboratory test? A. CBC B. BNP C. Serum electrolytes D. Renal function tests

A. CBC

A patient who is prescribed the drug miconazole (Monistat), a topical antifungal, has most likely been diagnosed with which condition? A. Candidiasis B. Pruritus C. Eczema D. Folliculitis

A. Candidiasis

Sodium channel blockers are considered which class of antidyshythmic drugs? A. Class I B. Class II C. Class III D. Class IV

A. Class I

The nurse is providing care to a patient prescribed a nonselective adrenergic agonist bronchodilator. Which medical diagnosis on this patient's chart would alert the nurse to question this order? A. Coronary artery disease B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) C. Hyperkalemia D. Premature labor

A. Coronary artery disease

The nurse monitors a patient prescribed dicyclomine (Bentyl) for which therapeutic effect? A. Decrease in gastrointestinal motility B. Decrease in urinary frequency C. Increase in heart rate D. Increase in blood pressure

A. Decrease in gastrointestinal motility

When evaluating for therapeutic effects of mannitol, what does the nurse anticipate? A. Decreased intracranial pressure B. Decreased excretion of therapeutic medications C. Increased urine osmolality D. Decreased serum osmolality

A. Decreased intracranial pressure

The nurse would question the order for estrogen replacement therapy in a patient with a history of which condition? A. Deep vein thrombosis B. Vaginal bleeding C. Weight loss D. Dysmenorrhe

A. Deep vein thrombosis

When administering intravenous magnesium sulfate, the nurse will monitor for which signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia? A. Depressed deep tendon reflexes B. Hyperthermia C. Diaphoresis D. Tachycardia

A. Depressed deep tendon reflexes

When preparing an adult formula gastrostomy tube feeding for a patient, the nurse is aware that which is the most common adverse effect? A. Diarrhea B. Gastroesophageal reflux C. Allergic reaction D. Flatulence

A. Diarrhea

The nurse is discussing use of antitussive medications with a patient. What common side effect does the nurse include in the patient teaching? A. Drowsiness and dizziness B. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping C. Tremors and anxiety D. Bradycardia and increased lacrimation

A. Drowsiness and dizziness

What would the nurse assess when monitoring for the therapeutic effectiveness of vasopressin? A. Fluid balance B. Patient's pain scale C. Serum albumin levels D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels

A. Fluid balance

The nurse is caring for a patient with an acute renal insufficiency and thrombocytopenia. Along with platelet transfusions, the nurse would expect to administer which substance to increase deficient clotting factors in this patient? A. Fresh frozen plasma B. Albumin C. Plasma protein factors D. Whole blood

A. Fresh frozen plasma

The nurse is reviewing emergency protocols and administration of adenosine (Adenocard). What is a vitally important task to remember when administering adenosine? A. Give it as a rapid intravenous push. B. Give it at the highest port in the IV tubing. C. Offer it with food or milk. D. Prepare to set up for an intravenous drip infusion.

A. Give it as a rapid intravenous push.

Before administering the anticholinergic drug scopolamine, the nurse would be careful to assess the patient for a history of which condition? A. Glaucoma B. Hyperthyroidism C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Gastroenteritis

A. Glaucoma

Milk of magnesia alleviates constipation by which action? A. Increasing water absorption into the colon B. Lubricating the passage of stool C. Increasing bulk within the colon D. Stimulating nerves that regulate defecation

A. Increasing water absorption into the colon

Which is a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient taking an antihypertensive medication? A. Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion related to disease process and/or medication B. Deficient knowledge related to medication regimen C. Fatigue related to side effects of medication D. Risk for injury to mucous membranes related to medication side effects

A. Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion related to disease process and/or medication

What is the mechanism of action of ezetimibe (Zetia)? A. Inhibiting absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine B. Inhibiting the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver C. Binding to bile in the intestinal tract, inhibiting its absorption and thus causing the liver to produce bile from cholesterol D. Decreasing the adhesion of cholesterol on the arterial walls

A. Inhibiting absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine

Nitrates relieve angina pain by reducing preload. How would the nurse explain the term preload to a patient? A. It is the blood volume within the heart. B. It is the pressure within the superior vena cava. C. It is the pressure against which the heart must pump. D. It is the oxygen demand of the heart.

A. It is the blood volume within the heart.

Which laboratory value would the nurse assess before administering zafirlukast (Accolate) to a patient? A. Liver enzymes B. Cardiac enzymes C. Renal function tests D. Complete blood count

A. Liver enzymes

Enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox) is an anticoagulant used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This drug is in which drug group? A. Low-molecular-weight heparin B. Oral anticoagulant C. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor D. Thrombolytic drug

A. Low-molecular-weight heparin

What condition will the nurse monitor for in a patient using sodium bicarbonate to treat gastric hyperacidity? A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Metabolic acidosis C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypercalcemia

A. Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is educating the mother of an infant on how to instill eardrops for otitis media with a perforated eardrum. Which is an appropriate nursing outcome criterion for this patient? A. Mother demonstrates accurate medication administration technique. B. Mother takes infant's temperature prior to administration of medication. C. Patient lies still for administration of medication and 5 minutes after administration. D. Patient stops using medication when the ear no longer has active drainage.

A. Mother demonstrates accurate medication administration technique.

Discharge teaching for a patient receiving simvastatin (Zocor) would include the importance of reporting which symptoms that might indicate a serious adverse reaction to the medication? A. Muscle pain B. Headache C. Weight loss D. Fatigue

A. Muscle pain

The nurse is providing education to a patient who was diagnosed with bilateral conjunctivitis (pink eye). The patient is prescribed sulfacetamide (Bleph-10) for the diagnosis. What information in the patient history has the highest priority and should be reported immediately to the health care provider? A. Patient is allergic to sulfa drugs. B. Patient does not like eyedrops. C. Patient reports never having pink eye before. D. Patient wears contacts.

A. Patient is allergic to sulfa drugs.

Which are therapeutic effects of digoxin? A. Positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic B. Positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and negative dromotropic C. Negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic D. Positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, and positive dromotropic

A. Positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic

Pramlintide (Symlin) is added to the treatment plan for a patient with type 1 diabetes. What information about the action of this medication does the nurse include in the patient teaching? A. Pramlintide slows gastric emptying. B. Pramlintide increases glucagon excretion. C. Pramlintide works to prevent side effects of insulin. D. Pramlintide is an oral drug administered 15 minutes before meals.

A. Pramlintide slows gastric emptying.

To prevent oral candidiasis, it is most important for the nurse to teach a patient using a steroid inhaler to perform which action? A. Rinse the mouth after each use. B. Minimize use of an inhaler to every other day. C. Swish and swallow with mycostatin after each use. D. Report any gingival irritation to the health care provider.

A. Rinse the mouth after each use.

Which would be a priority assessment prior to administering eplerenone (Inspra)? A. Serum electrolytes B. Level of consciousness C. Patient's knowledge level D. Thiocyanate levels

A. Serum electrolytes

Which cells are activated by aldesleukin (interleukin-2)? A. T-cells B. Red blood cells C. Undifferentiated cells D. Neutrophils

A. T-cells

Discharge teaching to a patient receiving a beta-agonist bronchodilator should emphasize reporting which side effect? A. Tachycardia B. Nonproductive cough C. Hypoglycemia D. Sedation

A. Tachycardia

What is the action of histamine2-receptor antagonists? A. They compete with histamine for binding sites on the parietal cells. B. They irreversibly bind to H+/K+ ATPase. C. They cause a decrease in stomach pH. D. They decrease signs and symptoms of allergies related to histamine release.

A. They compete with histamine for binding sites on the parietal cells.

When discussing glucocorticoids, what statement is accurate in relation to the action of these medications? A. They influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B. They are produced in decreased amounts during times of stress. C. They decrease serum sodium and glucose levels. D. They stimulate defense mechanisms to produce immunity.

A. They influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.

Sympathomimetic mydriatics have the potential to react with other drugs if sufficient topical absorption occurs. When given concurrently, drugs in which class may interact with the sympathomimetic mydriatics? A. Thyroid hormones B. Oral contraceptives C. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories D. Calcium channel blockers

A. Thyroid hormones

The nurse would question an order for steroids in a patient with which condition? A. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Septic shock D. Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

The nurse would question the order for epoetin in a patient with which condition? A. Uncontrolled hypertension B. Anemia C. Chronic renal failure D. HIV/AIDS

A. Uncontrolled hypertension

Isotretinoin (Amnesteem) and tretinoin (Retin-A) are common dermatologic drugs used to treat A. acne. B. male pattern baldness. C. keloid scarring. D. fungal infections.

A. acne.

Which medication has antiplatelet properties? A. clopidogrel B. enoxaparin C. heparin D. alteplase

A. clopidogrel

The nurse assesses for therapeutic effects of colchicine based on knowledge that colchicine A. decreases mobility of leukocytes. B. increases process of phagocytosis. C. increases uric acid metabolism. D. increases production of lactic acid.

A. decreases mobility of leukocytes.

The nurse is providing care to a patient following a non-accidental traumatic brain injury. The patient has developed diabetes insipidus due to the injury. What medication is most often used in the management of diabetes insipidus? A. desmopressin (DDAVP) B. corticotrophin (Acthar) C. octreotide (Sandostatin) D. somatropin (Humatrope)

A. desmopressin (DDAVP)

A patient with elevated triglyceride levels unresponsive to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors will most likely be prescribed which drug? A. gemfibrozil (Lopid) B. cholestyramine (Questran) C. colestipol (Colestid) D. simvastatin (Zocor)

A. gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Which long-acting insulin mimics natural, basal insulin with no peak action and a duration of 24 hours? A. insulin glargine (Lantus) B. insulin glulisine (Apidra) C. regular insulin (Humulin R) D. NPH insulin

A. insulin glargine (Lantus)

The nurse will anticipate application of which medication to treat a patient diagnosed with impetigo? A. mupirocin (Bactroban) B. benzoyl peroxide C. isotretinoin (Amnesteem) D. retinoic acid (Renova)

A. mupirocin (Bactroban)

The nurse will teach patients that antacids are effective in treatment of hyperacidity because they A. neutralize gastric acid. B. decrease stomach motility. C. decrease gastric pH. D. decrease duodenal pH.

A. neutralize gastric acid.

Patients prescribed sildenafil (Viagra) should be instructed regarding the potential fatal drug interaction with which medication(s)? A. nitroglycerin B. aspirin C. acetaminophen D. Anticoagulants

A. nitroglycerin

A patient with low platelets is prescribed a drug to stimulate platelet production. Which drug would the nurse anticipate being prescribed? A. oprelvekin (Neumega) B. epoetin (Epogen) C. aldesleukin (Proleukin) D. interferon beta-1a (Avonex)

A. oprelvekin (Neumega)

A patient prescribed a tube feeding has a history of a seizure disorder. The absorption of which antiepileptic medication is reduced when given with tube feedings? A. phenytoin B. levetiracetam C. pregabalin D. lamotrigine

A. phenytoin

The nurse would expect to teach a patient about which antiemetic commonly used to prevent motion sickness? A. scopolamine (Transderm-Scōp) B. droperidol (Inapsine) C. prochlorperazine (Compazine) D. metoclopramide (Reglan)

A. scopolamine (Transderm-Scōp)

The nurse would expect to administer which diuretic to treat a patient diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism? A. spironolactone (Aldactone) B. hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) C. acetazolamide (Diamox) D. furosemide (Lasix)

A. spironolactone (Aldactone)

While preparing a patient with acute chest pain for an emergency angioplasty, the nurse would anticipate administering which medication to prevent platelet aggregation? A. tirofiban (Aggrastat) B. protamine sulfate C. warfarin (Coumadin) D. aminocaproic acid (Amicar)

A. tirofiban (Aggrastat)

A patient currently prescribed duloxetine (Cymbalta) comes to the health clinic complaining of restlessness, agitation, diaphoresis, and tremors. The nurse suspects serotonin syndrome and questions the patient regarding concurrent use of which substance? A ibuprofen B St. John's wort C vitamin E supplements D glucosamine chondroitin

B St. John's wort

A patient is being switched from amitriptyline (Elavil) to citalopram (Celexa). Which statement made by the patient reflects understanding of patient education? A "I can just stop taking my Elavil and start taking the Celexa as ordered." B "I will not get as dizzy when I change positions after I switch medications." C "The doctor is switching me to this medication because it is less expensive but just as effective." D "I will need to limit my intake of cheese when taking Celexa to prevent a rise in my blood pressure."

B "I will not get as dizzy when I change positions after I switch medications."

Your patient is to receive dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min. He weighs 176 lb. You have dopamine 400 mg in 500 mL D5W. You will infuse this at which rate? A 20 mL/hr B 30 mL/hr C 35 mL/hr D 50 mL/hr

B 30 mL/hr

A patient informs the nurse she must take her iron with a meal to avoid stomach upset. To increase uptake of oral iron, which food group should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid? A. Proteins B. Fruits C. Vegetables D. Dairy

D. Dairy

Which statement correctly identifies the pharmacodynamics of CNS stimulants? A CNS stimulants decrease the production of excitatory neurotransmitters. B CNS stimulants increase release of and block reuptake of neurotransmitters. C CNS stimulants block the activity of inhibitory neurons. D CNS stimulants enhance the effects of phosphodiesterase and subsequent breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).

B CNS stimulants increase release of and block reuptake of neurotransmitters.

The nurse explains to a patient using caffeine that which disease process/condition may be exacerbated by this drug? A Myelin degeneration B Cardiac dysrhythmias C Constipation D Heart block

B Cardiac dysrhythmias

Which laboratory test should be monitored frequently to assess for a potential life-threatening adverse reaction to clozapine (Clozaril)? A Renal panel B Complete blood count C Liver function tests D Immunoglobulin levels

B Complete blood count

When administering intravenous phenytoin (Dilantin), which action will the nurse perform? A Always use an infusion pump. B Flush the line with normal saline before and after administration to prevent precipitation. C Administer through peripheral intravenous sites only. D Monitor for hypertension.

B Flush the line with normal saline before and after administration to prevent precipitation.

Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs have which therapeutic effect? A Urinary retention B Increased gastrointestinal motility C Mydriasis D Vasoconstriction

B Increased gastrointestinal motility

To reduce the gastrointestinal side effects of orlistat (Xenical), what will the nurse encourage the patient to do? A Take the medication with an antacid. B Limit dietary intake of fat to <30% of total calories. C Supplement diet with fat-soluble vitamins. D Increase fluid and fiber in the diet.

B Limit dietary intake of fat to <30% of total calories.

Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs are indicated for which situation? A Treating a postoperative patient who has bradycardia B Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma C Inhibiting muscular activity in the bladder D Preventing salivation and sweating

B Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

When providing teaching to a patient diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, which instruction regarding the administration of physostigmine (Antilirium) is most appropriate? A Increase fluid and fiber in the diet to prevent constipation. B Take the medication 30 minutes before meals. C If a dose is missed, double the next dose to prevent withdrawal. D Common side effects include tachycardia and hypertension.

B Take the medication 30 minutes before meals.

The nurse receives lab values for a patient with a theophylline level of 14 mcg/mL. How does the nurse interpret this theophylline level? A Subtherapeutic B Therapeutic C Toxic D Life-threatening

B Therapeutic

A patient who has been taking antiparkinson medications for years begins to have increased symptoms on a constant basis. In documenting these symptoms, what term will the nurse use? A On-off phenomenon B Wearing-off phenomenon C Chorea D Dystonia

B Wearing-off phenomenon

A patient diagnosed with an anxiety disorder has been using lorazepam (Ativan) but finds the side effect of drowsiness to be interfering with life. Which anxiolytic medications might be a better option for this patient? A alprazolam (Xanax) B buspirone (BuSpar) C chlordiazepoxide (Librium) D hydroxyzine hydrochloride salt (Vistaril)

B buspirone (BuSpar)

A postoperative craniotomy patient is received in the intensive care unit. The nurse makes sure which prescribed drug is readily available to treat acute seizure activity? A gabapentin (Neurontin) B diazepam (Valium) C ethosuximide (Zarontin) D flumazenil (Romazicon)

B diazepam (Valium)

The nurse administering donepezil (Aricept) to a patient understands that the expected therapeutic action of this drug is to A relieve anxiety and restless behavior of the patient. B increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain by blocking its breakdown. C block the effects of acetylcholine at the presynaptic neurons. D help control associated urinary incontinence.

B increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain by blocking its breakdown.

Propranolol (Inderal) is an effective A selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. B nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. C beta1-adrenergic antagonist. D beta2-adrenergic antagonist.

B nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist.

During assessment of a patient diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, the nurse auscultates a blood pressure of 210/110 mm Hg. The nurse would expect to administer which medication? A nadolol (Corgard) B phentolamine (Regitine) C dobutamine (Dobutrex) D verapamil (Calan)

B phentolamine (Regitine)

The nurse assesses the intravenous infusion site of a patient receiving dopamine and finds it is infiltrated. The nurse will prepare which medication to treat this infiltration? A lidocaine (Xylocaine) B phentolamine (Regitine) C nitroprusside (Nipride) D naloxone (Narcan)

B phentolamine (Regitine)

During postoperative teaching, the nurse explains that the patient is receiving bethanechol (Urecholine) to treat A postoperative hypotension. B urinary atony. C respiratory atelectasis. D postoperative ischemic colitis.

B urinary atony.

The patient asks what the difference is between dalteparin (Fragmin) and heparin. What is the nurse's best response? A. "There is really no difference, but dalteparin is preferred because it is less expensive." B. "Dalteparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin that has a more predictable anticoagulant effect." C. "I'm not really sure why some physicians choose dalteparin and some heparin, so you should ask your doctor." D. "The only difference is that heparin dosing is based on the patient's weight."

B. "Dalteparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin that has a more predictable anticoagulant effect."

Which statement will indicate to the nurse that the patient understands the discharge instructions regarding cholestyramine (Questran)? A. "I will take Questran 1 hour before my other medications." B. "I will increase fiber in my diet." C. "I will weigh myself weekly." D. "I will have my blood pressure checked weekly."

B. "I will increase fiber in my diet."

Which statement indicates that the patient understands discharge teaching about nitroglycerin? A. "I will need to refill my prescription once a year in order to maintain potency." B. "I will need to keep the nitroglycerin stored in the bottle it comes in." C. "I will take a nitroglycerin tablet every 15 minutes until my chest pain is gone." D. "I should take a nitroglycerin tablet 2 hours before I want to engage in activity that will cause chest pain."

B. "I will need to keep the nitroglycerin stored in the bottle it comes in."

Which statement by a patient best demonstrates an understanding of the teaching on flunisolide (AeroBid)? A. "I will take two puffs to treat an acute asthma attack." B. "I will rinse my mouth with water after each use." C. "I will immediately stop taking my oral prednisone as soon as I start using the AeroBid." D. "I will not use my albuterol inhaler while I am taking AeroBid."

B. "I will rinse my mouth with water after each use."

A patient is started on oral anticoagulant therapy while still receiving intravenous heparin. The patient is concerned about risk for bleeding. What is the nurse's best response? A. "Your concern is valid in that you are at an increased risk for bleeding, so I will call the doctor to discontinue the heparin." B. "It usually takes 4 to 5 days to achieve a full therapeutic effect for warfarin, so the heparin is continued to help prevent blood clots until the warfarin is working up to speed." C. "Because of your valve replacement, it is especially important for you to be fully anticoagulated, and the heparin and warfarin together are more effective than one alone." D. "Because you are now up and walking, you have a higher risk of blood clots and therefore need to be on both medications."

B. "It usually takes 4 to 5 days to achieve a full therapeutic effect for warfarin, so the heparin is continued to help prevent blood clots until the warfarin is working up to speed."

The patient asks how nitroglycerin should be stored while traveling. What is the nurse's best response? A. "You can protect it from heat by placing the bottle in an ice chest." B. "It's best to keep it in its original container away from heat and light." C. "You can put a few tablets in a resealable bag and carry in your pocket." D. "It's best to lock them in the glove compartment of your car to keep them away from heat and light."

B. "It's best to keep it in its original container away from heat and light."

A patient receiving propylthiouracil (PTU) asks the nurse how this medication will help relieve his symptoms. What is the nurse's best response? A. "Propylthiouracil inactivates any circulating thyroid hormone, thus decreasing signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism." B. "Propylthiouracil inhibits the formation of new thyroid hormone, thus gradually returning your metabolism to normal." C. "Propylthiouracil helps your thyroid gland use iodine and synthesize hormones better." D. "Propylthiouracil stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which inhibits the production of hormones by the thyroid gland."

B. "Propylthiouracil inhibits the formation of new thyroid hormone, thus gradually returning your metabolism to normal."

Which statement demonstrates understanding of patient teaching regarding the use of histamine2-receptor antagonists? A. "Since I am taking this medication, it is OK for me to eat spicy foods." B. "Smoking decreases the effects of this medication, so I should look into cessation programs." C. "I should take this medication 1 hour after each meal in order to maximally decrease gastric acidity." D. "I should decrease bulk and fluids in my diet to prevent diarrhea."

B. "Smoking decreases the effects of this medication, so I should look into cessation programs."

Which statement would be most appropriate during discharge teaching for a patient receiving transdermal clonidine (Catapres)? A. "Your blood pressure should be checked by a physician at least once a year." B. "The patch should be applied to a nonhairy site, and abrupt withdrawal should be avoided." C. "Excessive exercise or prolonged standing is not a problem with clonidine as it can be with other antihypertensive drugs." D. "If you are having difficulty with the common side effect of excessive drooling, notify your physician so your dosage can be adjusted."

B. "The patch should be applied to a nonhairy site, and abrupt withdrawal should be avoided."

Which patient statement demonstrates understanding of radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy? A. "I will have to isolate myself from my family for 1 week so as not to expose them to radiation." B. "This drug will be taken up by the thyroid gland and destroy the cells to reduce my hyperthyroidism." C. "This drug will help decrease my cold intolerance and weight gain." D. "I will need to take this drug on a daily basis for at least 1 year."

B. "This drug will be taken up by the thyroid gland and destroy the cells to reduce my hyperthyroidism."

Which statement by the patient demonstrates understanding of action or use of beclomethasone diproprionate (Beconase)? A. "I will need to taper off the medication to prevent acute adrenal crisis." B. "This medication will help prevent the inflammatory response of my allergies." C. "I will need to monitor my blood sugar more closely because it may increase secondary to Beconase." D. "I only need to take this medication when my symptoms get bad."

B. "This medication will help prevent the inflammatory response of my allergies."

An adult patient presents with symptomatic bradycardia. The nurse prepares to administer which dose of atropine intravenously? A. 0.3 mg B. 0.5 mg C. 1.25 mg D. 2 mg

B. 0.5 mg

The nurse is providing education to a patient about the time to take glipizide (Glucotrol). For maximum benefit, the nurse will tell the patient to administer glipizide at which time? A. In the morning B. 30 minutes before a meal C. 15 minutes postprandial D. At bedtime

B. 30 minutes before a meal

When preparing to administer furosemide (Lasix) intravenously to a patient with renal dysfunction, the nurse plans implementation based on knowledge that the medication should be administered no faster than which rate? A. 2 mg/min B. 4 mg/min C. 6 mg/min D. 8 mg/min

B. 4 mg/min

The nurse has an order for a patient to receive prednisone for contact dermatitis. What condition in the patient would alert the nurse to question the order? A. Asthma B. AIDS C. COPD D. Multiple sclerosis

B. AIDS

Upon which patient finding would the nurse hold the ordered dose of filgrastim (Neupogen) and notify the provider? A. Fever of 99.5° F B. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) count of 12,000 cells/mm3 C. White blood cell (WBC) count of 4.5/mm3 D. Blood pressure of 142/88 mm Hg

B. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) count of 12,000 cells/mm3

The nurse would question an order for somatrem (Protropin) in a patient with which condition? A. Dwarfism B. Acromegaly C. Growth failure D. Hypopituitarism

B. Acromegaly

The nurse would assess which laboratory value to determine the effectiveness of intravenous heparin? A. Complete blood count (CBC) B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) C. Prothrombin time (PT) D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

The nurse plans which intervention to decrease the flushing reaction of niacin? A. Administer niacin with an antacid. B. Administer aspirin 30 minutes before nicotinic acid. C. Administer diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) with the niacin. D. Apply cold compresses to the head and neck.

B. Administer aspirin 30 minutes before nicotinic acid.

The nurse would question the use of milrinone (Primacor) in a patient with which disorder? A. Systolic heart failure B. Aortic regurgitation C. Acute renal failure D. Mitral valve prolapse

B. Aortic regurgitation

When applying nitroglycerin ointment, the nurse should perform which action? A. Use the fingers to spread the ointment evenly over a 3-inch area. B. Apply the ointment to a nonhairy part of the upper torso. C. Massage the ointment into the skin. D. Apply two thick lines of ointment over the prescribed measured area on the nitroglycerin paper.

B. Apply the ointment to a nonhairy part of the upper torso.

A patient is prescribed bacitracin topical ointment. What does the nurse suspect as the possible diagnosis based on the medication prescribed? A. Fungal infection B. Bacterial infection C. Parasitic infection D. Viral infection

B. Bacterial infection

When teaching a patient about potential side effects of NSAID therapy, the nurse will teach the patient to promptly report which effect? A. Mild indigestion B. Black tarry stools C. Nonproductive cough D. Nausea

B. Black tarry stools

Which class of drugs is used to treat both hypertension and dysrhythmias? A. Sodium channel blockers B. Calcium channel blockers C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors D. Direct-acting vasodilators

B. Calcium channel blockers

The nurse would question an order for colesevelam (Welchol) in a patient with which condition? A. Renal disease B. Complete bowel obstruction C. Glaucoma D. Hepatic disease

B. Complete bowel obstruction

A child born with increased intraocular pressure is likely to be diagnosed with which type of glaucoma? A. Angle-closure glaucoma B. Congenital glaucoma C. Pigmentary glaucoma D. Open-angle glaucoma

B. Congenital glaucoma

The nurse knows a common expected adverse effect of iron supplementation is which effect? A. Fatigue B. Constipation C. Heartburn D. Flatus

B. Constipation

The nurse will monitor for which adverse reaction to aluminum-containing antacids such as aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)? A. Diarrhea B. Constipation C. Gastrointestinal upset D. Fluid retention

B. Constipation

The patient has been prescribed ibutilide (Corvert), a class III antiarrhythmic drug. The nurse is aware that this drug has been prescribed for which reason? A. Treatment of PSVT B. Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter C. Conversion of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias D. Treatment of dysrhythmias in patients with acute renal failure

B. Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter

Calcium channel blockers have which pharmacodynamic effect? A. Positive inotropic effect B. Coronary vasodilation C. Positive chronotropic effect D. Shortened refractory period

B. Coronary vasodilation

A mother of a young child asks what she can use to help keep her child's ears clean from wax. What over-the-counter medication will the nurse suggest? A. Cortic B. Debrox C. Floxin D. Ciprodex

B. Debrox

3. The nurse monitors a patient taking tolterodine (Detrol) for which therapeutic effect? A. Decrease in gastrointestinal motility B. Decrease in urinary frequency C. Increase in heart rate D. Increase in blood pressure

B. Decrease in urinary frequency

A patient receiving intravenous nitroglycerin at 20 mcg/min complains of dizziness. Nursing assessment reveals a blood pressure of 85/40 mm Hg, heart rate of 110 beats/min, and respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min. What is the nurse's best action? A. Assess the patient's lung sounds. B. Decrease the intravenous nitroglycerin by 10 mcg/min. C. Increase the intravenous nitroglycerin by 10 mcg/min. D. Recheck the patient's vital signs in 1 hour.

B. Decrease the intravenous nitroglycerin by 10 mcg/min.

Which is an expected outcome associated with the administration of digoxin? A. Increased heart rate B. Decreased heart rate C. Decreased urinary output D. Increased blood pressure

B. Decreased heart rate

When administering nitroprusside (Nipride) intravenously, the nurse would monitor for which sign of toxicity? A. Fever B. Hypotension C. Extreme fatigue D. Hyperglycemia

B. Hypotension

In developing a plan of care for a patient receiving an antihistamine antiemetic drug, which nursing diagnosis would be of highest priority? A. Deficient knowledge regarding medication administration B. Deficient fluid volume related to nausea and vomiting C. Risk for injury related to side effects of medication D. Anxiety related to nausea and vomiting

B. Deficient fluid volume related to nausea and vomiting

What is the most common adverse effect for infants receiving nutritional supplements? A. Seizures B. Digestive intolerance C. Reflux D. Poor weight gain

B. Digestive intolerance

The nurse is conducting a community education program. When explaining different medication regimens to treat hypertension, it would be accurate to state that African Americans probably respond best to which combination of medications? A. ACE inhibitors and diuretics B. Diuretics and calcium channel blockers C. Diuretics and beta blockers D. ACE inhibitors and beta blockers

B. Diuretics and calcium channel blockers

When providing general education on use of over-the-counter medications for allergies, which is the highest priority for the nurse to include? A. Discontinue use 4 days before allergy testing. B. Do not use in patients younger than 2 years of age, unless prescribed. C. It may cause dry mouth. D. The medication treats the symptoms but is not a cure.

B. Do not use in patients younger than 2 years of age, unless prescribed.

The nurse is educating a patient on diet. Which food will the nurse encourage the patient to include in a diet as a source of folate? A. Cheese B. Dried beans C. Steak D. Apples

B. Dried beans

What side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors most often results in the provider changing the treatment plan to an angiotensin receptor blocker? A. Orthostatic hypotension B. Dry, nonproductive cough C. Fatigue D. Hypokalemia

B. Dry, nonproductive cough

The addition of continuous administration of progestin to an estrogen regimen reduces the risk of which cancer? A. Ovarian cancer B. Endometrial cancer C. Breast cancer D. Vaginal cancer

B. Endometrial cancer

Which laboratory value might indicate an adverse response to hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)? A. Sodium levels B. Glucose levels C. Calcium levels D. Chloride levels

B. Glucose levels

A female patient arrives in the clinic for counseling on potential hormone replacement therapy. When taking the patient history, which finding would the nurse consider as a contraindication to use of hormone replacement therapy for the patient? A. High cholesterol B. History of thromboembolic events C. Early menstrual onset D. High number of pregnancies

B. History of thromboembolic events

What would be a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient receiving anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) drugs? A. Risk for injury related to excessive central nervous system stimulation B. Impaired gas exchange related to thickened respiratory secretions C. Urinary retention related to loss of bladder tone D. Deficient knowledge related to pharmacologic regimen

B. Impaired gas exchange related to thickened respiratory secretions

The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of the otic medication used for OE. What will the nurse evaluate for to determine if the goals of therapy have been met? A. Increased pain in ear B. Improved hearing C. Redness around ear D. Discharge in canal

B. Improved hearing

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are generally administered at which time? A. When the stomach is empty B. In the evening C. With breakfast D. With an antacid

B. In the evening

The nurse would question the prescription for use of bismuth subsalicylate as an antidiarrheal in a patient on aspirin daily for anticoagulation therapy due to what potential concern? A. Nausea B. Increased bleeding C. Constipation D. Urinary retention

B. Increased bleeding

Which is a pharmacodynamic effect of exogenous androgens? A. Decreased erythropoiesis B. Increased protein synthesis C. Increased nitrogen excretion D. Decreased sperm production

B. Increased protein synthesis

Patients taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) and warfarin (Coumadin) concurrently would be monitored for which adverse effect? A. Cardiac arrhythmias B. Increased risk of bleeding C. Excessive weight loss D. Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis

B. Increased risk of bleeding

The nurse will plan to inject iron dextran by which technique? A. Subcutaneous injection with a ½-inch, 25-gauge needle B. Intramuscular injection using the Z-track method C. Intradermal injection with a sunburst technique of administration D. Intramuscular injection with a ½-inch, 18-gauge needle

B. Intramuscular injection using the Z-track method

How will the nurse explain to the patient the action of cholestyramine (Questran) and how it decreases lipid levels? A. It inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol in the small intestine. B. It binds to bile in the intestinal tract, forming an insoluble complex that is excreted in the feces. C. It inhibits the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver. D. It stimulates the biliary system to increase excretion of dietary cholesterol.

B. It binds to bile in the intestinal tract, forming an insoluble complex that is excreted in the feces.

When teaching a patient about signs and symptoms of hypokalemia, the nurse will instruct the patient to notify the health care provider if which occurs? A. Diaphoresis B. Leg cramps C. Constipation D. Blurred vision

B. Leg cramps

Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered to monitor a patient for adverse effects related to progestin medications? A. Cardiac enzymes B. Liver function tests C. BUN and creatinine D. Complete blood count

B. Liver function tests

Which test will the nurse use to assess for adverse reactions to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors? A. Serum cholesterol levels B. Liver function tests C. Serum electrolytes D. Complete blood count

B. Liver function tests

When caring for a patient with serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L, which is a priority nursing intervention when administering intravenous replacement therapy? A. Administer potassium as a bolus over 10 minutes. B. Maintain infusion rate at no greater than 20 mEq/hr. C. Apply ice packs to site of intravenous administration. D. Teach the patient and family the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia.

B. Maintain infusion rate at no greater than 20 mEq/hr.

While observing a patient self-administer enoxaparin (Lovenox), the nurse identifies the need for further teaching when the patient completes which action? A. Does not aspirate prior to injecting the medication B. Massages the site after administration of the medication C. Administers the medication greater than 2 inches away from the umbilicus D. Injects the medication and then waits 10 seconds before withdrawing the needle

B. Massages the site after administration of the medication

Parasympathomimetic ophthalmic drugs such as pilocarpine (Pilocar) reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma by which mechanism of action? A. Mydriasis B. Miosis C. Decrease in drainage of aqueous humor D. Pupillary dilatation

B. Miosis

What system assessment will the nurse monitor in a patient due to a known common side effect of traditional antihistamines? A. Cardiac status B. Neurologic status C. Respiratory status D. Gastrointestinal status

B. Neurologic status

A patient prescribed prazosin (Minipress) does not have a history of hypertension. The nurse would assess for what disorder for which this medication is also used? A. Pulmonary emboli B. Obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia C. Seizure disorder D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

B. Obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia

A 14-year-old patient is diagnosed with perforated tympanic membrane, OE, and otitis media. What does the nurse anticipate the provider will prescribe? A. Otic antimicrobials only B. Otic and oral antimicrobials C. Oral antimicrobial only D. Otic antimicrobial and otic antifungal

B. Otic and oral antimicrobials

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is indicated for the treatment of which condition? A. Acute lymphocytic leukemia B. Pernicious anemia C. Bone marrow suppression D. Optic nerve atrophy

B. Pernicious anemia

Which activity should the patient be cautioned to avoid while taking an MAO inhibitor? A Participating in a bowling league B Sunbathing at the pool C Eating aged cheese D Smoking a low-nicotine cigarette

C Eating aged cheese

The nurse is receiving shift report on her patients. One patient, per report, had a new IV bag of normal saline (NS) hung, which is to be infused at a rate of 100 mL per hour. The nurse discovers that the bag is almost empty and the pump was mistakenly set at 1000 mL per hour. What is the most immediate concern for any patient in this situation? A. Edema of hands and feet B. Pulmonary edema C. Increased urination D. Phlebitis

B. Pulmonary edema

The health care provider has ordered ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (Ciprodex) otic drops for a patient with OE. The nurse knows the combination medication has both antibacterial medication and topical steroid medication. What is the purpose of the steroid in this medication? A. Relieve pain B. Reduce inflammation C. Treat infection D. Decrease the amount of earwax

B. Reduce inflammation

Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient receiving famotidine (Pepcid)? A. Risk for infection related to immunosuppression B. Risk for injury related to thrombocytopenia C. Impaired urinary elimination related to retention D. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to hypertension

B. Risk for injury related to thrombocytopenia

A patient who is taking an anticoagulant requests an aspirin for headache relief. What is the nurse's best action? A. Administer 650 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and reassess pain in 30 minutes. B. Take advantage of a teachable moment to inform the patient of potential drug interactions with anticoagulants. C. Explain to the patient that ASA is contraindicated, and administer ibuprofen as ordered. D. Explain that the headache is an expected side effect and will subside shortly.

B. Take advantage of a teachable moment to inform the patient of potential drug interactions with anticoagulants.

A teenage female patient is going to be prescribed isotretinoin (Amnesteem) for acne. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in the education of the patient? A. The drug is supplied in oral form. B. The patient must use at least two forms of contraception while taking this medication. C. The drug is used in treatment of severe acne. D. Providers who prescribe this medication must be registered with the FDA

B. The patient must use at least two forms of contraception while taking this medication.

The nurse interprets a patient's international normalized ratio (INR) value of 2.5. What is the meaning of this reported value? A. The patient is not receiving enough warfarin for a therapeutic effect. B. The patient's warfarin dose is therapeutic. C. The patient is not receiving enough subcutaneous heparin for a therapeutic effect. D. The patient is receiving a dangerously high amount of heparin.

B. The patient's warfarin dose is therapeutic.

How will the nurse describe the action of proton pump inhibitors? A. They compete with histamine for binding sites on the parietal cells. B. They irreversibly bind to H+/K+ATPase. C. They cause a decrease in stomach pH. D. They cannot be used to treat erosive esophagitis.

B. They irreversibly bind to H+/K+ATPase.

The nurse is providing education to a patient on why spironolactone (Aldactone) and furosemide (Lasix) are prescribed together. What information does the nurse provide to the patient? A. Moderate doses of two different types of diuretics are more effective than a large dose of one type. B. This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia. C. This combination prevents dehydration and hypovolemia. D. Using two drugs increases osmolality of plasma and the glomerular filtration rate.

B. This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia.

The nurse is educating a patient who was administered atropine sulfate solution for an eye exam. The nurse includes which information in the education? A. The patient will have to wait 72 hours to wear contacts. B. Use of sunglasses is encouraged to decrease sunlight sensitivity. C. The patient may have small pupils for 12 hours after administration. D. A common side effect is dry eyes.

B. Use of sunglasses is encouraged to decrease sunlight sensitivity.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have an added advantage in treating heart failure. The drugs cause a positive inotropic effect and what other effect? A. Vasoconstriction B. Vasodilation C. Platelet inhibition D. Bronchodilation

B. Vasodilation

An elderly woman being treated for osteoporosis with a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) should be alerted to the potential for an increased risk of which condition? A. Elevated blood pressure B. Venous thromboembolism C. Hypercalcemia D. Skin color changes

B. Venous thromboembolism

A patient has been prescribed lidocaine (Xylocaine). What does the nurse understand as the reason for this medication order? A. Bradycardia B. Ventricular arrhythmias C. Atrial arrhythmias D. Heart block

B. Ventricular arrhythmias

When teaching a patient regarding the administration of digoxin, the nurse instructs the patient not to take this medication with which food? A. Bananas B. Wheat bran C. French toast D. Scrambled eggs

B. Wheat bran

Epinephrine, as an adrenergic (sympathomimetic) drug, produces which therapeutic effect? A Urinary retention B Bronchial constriction C Increased heart rate and contractility D Decreased intestinal motility

C Increased heart rate and contractility

Discharge teaching for a patient receiving glucocorticoids would include the preferred use of which medication for pain management? A. aspirin B. acetaminophen C. ibuprofen D. naproxen

B. acetaminophen

A patient receiving vitamin K most likely has demonstrated A. diarrhea. B. altered coagulation studies. C. seizure activity. D. confusion.

B. altered coagulation studies.

When caring for a patient newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes, the nurse would question an order for which drug? A. insulin glargine (Lantus) B. glipizide (Glucotrol) C. insulin glulisine (Apidra) D. NPH insulin

B. glipizide (Glucotrol)

The nurse will advise the patient to treat hypoglycemia with which drug? A. propranolol (Inderal) B. glucagon C. acarbose (Precose) D. bumetanide (Bumex)

B. glucagon

Most nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by A. enhancing pain perception. B. inhibiting prostaglandin production. C. increasing blood flow to painful areas. D. increasing the supply of natural endorphins.

B. inhibiting prostaglandin production.

Which is a rapid-acting insulin with an onset of action of less than 15 minutes? A. insulin glargine (Lantus) B. insulin aspart (NovoLog) C. regular insulin (Humulin R) D. insulin detemir (Levemir)

B. insulin aspart (NovoLog)

Loratadine (Claritin) has an advantage over traditional antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) in that loratadine has A. less risk of cardiac arrhythmias. B. less sedative effect. C. increased bronchodilating effects. D. less gastrointestinal upset.

B. less sedative effect.

The nurse is caring for a patient scheduled to undergo a cardiac catheterization procedure utilizing iodine-based contrast material. The nurse would question an order for which medication to be given to this patient the day before the scheduled procedure? A. acarbose (Precose) B. metformin (Glucophage) C. repaglinide (Prandin) D. pioglitazone (Actos)

B. metformin (Glucophage)

Which is the most common drug used for induction of labor in pregnant women and to promote ejection of milk during lactation? A. clomiphene B. oxytocin C. misoprostol D. mifepristone

B. oxytocin

During a postpartum assessment, the nurse notes a boggy uterus and increased vaginal bleeding. Based upon this assessment and standing physician orders, the nurse prepares to administer which medication? A. prostaglandin E B. oxytocin (Pitocin) C. terbutaline (Brethine) D. clomiphene (Clomid)

B. oxytocin (Pitocin)

A patient complains of worsening nasal congestion despite the use of oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray every 2 to 4 hours for the past 5 days. The nurse's response is based on knowledge that A. oxymetazoline is not an effective nasal decongestant. B. sustained use of nasal decongestants over several days may result in rebound congestion. C. oxymetazoline should be administered in an hourly regimen for severe congestion. D. the patient is probably displaying an idiosyncratic reaction to oxymetazoline.

B. sustained use of nasal decongestants over several days may result in rebound congestion.

A patient who has been anticoagulated with warfarin (Coumadin) is admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse will anticipate administering which substance? A. vitamin E B. vitamin K C. protamine sulfate D. calcium gluconate

B. vitamin K

The nurse bases the plan of care regarding administration of eardrops on knowledge that A. proper administration includes holding the pinna up and out in an infant. B. warming the eardrops to room temperature before administration helps reduce a vestibular-type reaction. C. the pinna of an adult should be held down and back. D. eardrops may be warmed in the microwave before administration.

B. warming the eardrops to room temperature before administration helps reduce a vestibular-type reaction.

The patient asks the nurse why she is receiving a different drug than her usual phenytoin (Dilantin). The patient is NPO (nothing by mouth) secondary to illness and is receiving intravenous fosphenytoin (Cerebyx). Which is the nurse's most accurate response? A "Your serum phenytoin levels were not therapeutic, so your health care provider has changed your medication to a more effective drug." B "Phenytoin is not effective while you are NPO, so your health care provider has changed your medication to a more effective drug." C "Fosphenytoin is converted to phenytoin once it is in your bloodstream. Since you are NPO, fosphenytoin is easier on your veins than phenytoin." D "Since you are NPO, you cannot take phenytoin orally. Phenytoin does not come in an intravenous form. You will be transferred back to phenytoin after you recover from this illness."

C "Fosphenytoin is converted to phenytoin once it is in your bloodstream. Since you are NPO, fosphenytoin is easier on your veins than phenytoin."

Which statement made by a patient demonstrates a lack of understanding of patient teaching regarding phenothiazine drug therapy? A "I need to change positions slowly to prevent dizziness." B "I will need to wear sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors." C "It is okay to take this drug with a small glass of wine to help relax me." D "I should call my doctor if I notice any uncontrollable movements of my tongue."

C "It is okay to take this drug with a small glass of wine to help relax me."

The patient with Parkinson's disease who has been positively responding to carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) suddenly develops a relapse of symptoms. Which explanation by the nurse is appropriate? A "You have obviously developed resistance to your current medication and will have to be switched to another drug." B "This is an atypical response. Unfortunately, there are no other options of drug therapy to give you." C "This is called the 'on-off phenomenon.' Your health care provider can change your medication regimen slightly to help diminish this effect." D "You just need to keep taking your medication and these effects will go away."

C "This is called the 'on-off phenomenon.' Your health care provider can change your medication regimen slightly to help diminish this effect."

The patient receiving phenytoin (Dilantin) has a serum drug level drawn. Which level will the nurse note as therapeutic? A 8 mcg/mL B 30 mcg/mL C 12 mcg/mL D 6 mcg/mL

C 12 mcg/mL

The provider has ordered donepezil (Aricept) for the patient, and the patient states "I have no idea why I take this medication." What is the most common diagnosis associated with the administration of donepezil (Aricept)? A Parkinson's disease B Bladder retention C Alzheimer's disease D Urinary retention

C Alzheimer's disease

The nurse notes lithium on a patient's drug history upon admission. Which condition would the nurse suspect that this patient has been diagnosed with? A Obsessive-compulsive disorder B Absence seizures C Bipolar disorder D Paranoid schizophrenia

C Bipolar disorder

The nurse is providing care for a patient who has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. The patient is also in early stage liver failure. What class of medications, if prescribed, would the nurse question? A Dopamine modulator B Anticholinergics C COMT inhibitors D Ergot derivative

C COMT inhibitors

Mast cell stabilizers are most effective in treating bronchoconstriction associated with which condition? A. Emphysema B. Exposure to cold C. Allergens D. Infection

C. Allergens

While teaching a patient newly diagnosed with a seizure disorder, what does the nurse state as the goal of pharmacologic therapy of this medication? A Eradicating all seizure activity and then weaning off medication once the patient is seizure free for 3 months. B Reducing seizure occurrence to one per week. C Maximally reducing seizure activity while minimizing side effects of medication therapy. D Maximizing drug dosages to control seizure activity.

C Maximally reducing seizure activity while minimizing side effects of medication therapy.

What is the goal of pharmacologic therapy in treating Parkinson's disease? A To increase the amount of acetylcholine at the presynaptic neurons B To decrease the amount of dopamine available in the substantia nigra C To balance cholinergic and dopaminergic activity in the brain D To block dopamine receptors in both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons

C To balance cholinergic and dopaminergic activity in the brain

An example of a cardioselective beta blocker includes A propranolol (Inderal). B labetalol (Normodyne). C atenolol (Tenormin). D sotalol (Betapace).

C atenolol (Tenormin).

Which antiparkinson drug causes an increase in the levels of dopaminergic stimulation in the central nervous system and therefore allows a decreased dose of other medications? A levodopa B carbidopa C selegiline D diphenhydramine

C selegiline

A patient using Afrin nasal spray complains of worsening cold symptoms and tells the nurse, "I don't understand why this is not working. I am using it almost every 3 hours!" The nurse's response is based on knowledge that A Afrin nasal spray is not an effective nasal decongestant. B the medication needs to be used every 30 minutes for maximum effectiveness. C the patient is suffering from rebound congestion related to excessive use of the Afrin nasal spray. D adrenergic decongestants should only be used prophylactically, not to treat acute congestion.

C the patient is suffering from rebound congestion related to excessive use of the Afrin nasal spray.

The nurse is educating an elderly patient on vitamin supplementation. The patient states that she takes "lots of vitamins every day" to stay healthy. Based on this information and knowledge of vitamins, what is the nurse's best response? A. "That's great. You should be very healthy." B. "You need to make certain that is okay with your health care provider." C. "Can you tell me what vitamins you take and how many and how often?" D. "You don't need vitamins if you eat well."

C. "Can you tell me what vitamins you take and how many and how often?"

Which statement regarding antiemetic medications, if made by the patient, indicates the need for further patient teaching? A. "I will not drive while I am taking these medications because they may cause drowsiness." B. "I may take Tylenol to treat the headache caused by ondansetron." C. "I will apply the scopolamine patches to rotating sites on my arms." D. "I should take my prescribed antiemetic before receiving my chemotherapy dose."

C. "I will apply the scopolamine patches to rotating sites on my arms."

Which statement when made by the patient indicates deficient knowledge regarding warfarin? A. "I will avoid contact sports." B. "I will take my medication in the early evening each day." C. "I will increase the dark green leafy vegetables in my diet." D. "I will contact my physician if I develop excessive bruising."

C. "I will increase the dark green leafy vegetables in my diet."

Which statement, made by a patient, indicates the need for further patient teaching regarding proper administration of eyedrops? A. "I will put pressure on the inside corner of my eye after I administer the drops." B. "I will be careful not to touch my eye with the dropper." C. "I will rinse the eyedropper with tap water after each use." D. "I will turn my head slightly toward the outside of the eye I am putting the drops in."

C. "I will rinse the eyedropper with tap water after each use."

Which statement, made by the patient, indicates an understanding of discharge teaching regarding alendronate (Fosamax)? A. "I need to decrease my intake of dairy products so as to prevent hypercalcemia." B. "I need to take this medication with food to prevent damage to my esophagus." C. "I will take the medication first thing in the morning with 8 ounces of water and remain upright for 30 minutes." D. "This medication will help relieve the bone pain I have from my osteoporosis."

C. "I will take the medication first thing in the morning with 8 ounces of water and remain upright for 30 minutes."

The nurse is providing education to a patient diagnosed with otitis externa (OE). Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the OE treatment plan? A. "I will finish taking all the pills for my ear infection." B. "This is contagious, and I need to stay away from others for 24 hours." C. "I will use the eardrops in the ear canal to treat this condition." D. "The cold I had last week caused this to occur; it will go away on its own."

C. "I will use the eardrops in the ear canal to treat this condition."

When educating a patient about the use of oral contraceptives, the nurse provides what explanation for the pills having different colors each week? A. "They help you remember which week you are taking." B. "There isn't a reason for the color, just the choice of the drug company." C. "The different color pills are due to different amounts of hormones in each week." D. "They are color coded for the weeks of the month."

C. "The different color pills are due to different amounts of hormones in each week."

A patient who is taking sublingual nitroglycerin is complaining of flushing and headaches. What is the nurse's best response? A. "This is a normal response to your chest pain." B. "Stop taking the nitroglycerin because you are probably allergic to it." C. "These are the most common side effects of nitroglycerin. They should subside with continued use of nitroglycerin." D. "These symptoms are not related to your sublingual nitroglycerin. You should notify your doctor for diagnostic testing."

C. "These are the most common side effects of nitroglycerin. They should subside with continued use of nitroglycerin."

Patient teaching regarding the use of antileukotriene drugs such as zafirlukast (Accolate) would include which statement? A. "Take the medication as soon as you begin wheezing." B. "It will take about 3 weeks before you notice a therapeutic effect." C. "This medication works by preventing the inflammation that causes your asthma attack." D. "Increase fiber and fluid in your diet to prevent the common side effect of constipation."

C. "This medication works by preventing the inflammation that causes your asthma attack."

Which statement would be included when teaching a patient about the proper use of metered-dose inhalers? A. "After you inhale the medication once, repeat until you obtain relief." B. "Make sure that you puff out air repeatedly after you inhale the medication." C. "Wait 1 to 2 minutes before you take a second puff of the same drug." D. "Hold the inhaler in your mouth, take a deep breath, and then compress the inhaler."

C. "Wait 1 to 2 minutes before you take a second puff of the same drug."

The nurse should question an order written to administer acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to which patient? A. 45-year-old man with a history of heart attack B. 28-year-old woman with a history of sports injury C. 14-year-old boy with a history of flulike symptoms D. 62-year-old woman with a history of stroke

C. 14-year-old boy with a history of flulike symptoms

An adult patient presents to the emergency room with insecticide poisoning. The nurse prepares to administer which dose of atropine intravenously? A. 0.3 mg B. 0.5 mg C. 2 mg D. 4 mg

C. 2 mg

When planning to administer metoclopramide (Reglan), the nurse is aware that this drug must be given A. with food to decrease gastrointestinal upset. B. every 6 hours around the clock. C. 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime. D. with a full glass of water first thing in the morning.

C. 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime.

Which would be the most appropriate application time for a patient prescribed a scopolamine patch for motion sickness? A. At bedtime B. Every 4 hours as needed C. 4 to 5 hours before travel D. At the first sign of motion sickness

C. 4 to 5 hours before travel

The nurse is assessing a patient noted to have third spacing and edema of the hands and feet at +3, yet the patient is having signs and symptoms of intravascular dehydration. The patient's lab results report a total protein level of 4.6 g/dL. What fluid does the nurse anticipate the provider will order for this patient? A. Normal saline B. Lactated Ringer's C. 5% albumin D. Whole blood

C. 5% albumin

Assuming the patient eats breakfast at 8:30 AM, lunch at noon, and dinner at 6:00 PM, he or she is at highest risk of hypoglycemia following an 8:00 AM dose of NPH insulin at what time? A. 10:00 AM B. 2:00 PM C. 5:00 PM D. 8:00 PM

C. 5:00 PM

To avoid fecal impaction, psyllium (Metamucil) should be administered with at least how many ounces of fluid? A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

C. 8

The nurse will question an order for misoprostol (Cytotec) in which patient? A. A 21-year-old man with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome B. A 64-year-old man with hypertension C. A 32-year-old pregnant woman with a urinary tract infection D. A 45-year-old woman with GERD

C. A 32-year-old pregnant woman with a urinary tract infection

The nurse would question the use of mannitol for which patient? A. A 67-year-old patient who ingested a poisonous substance B. A 21-year-old patient with a head injury C. A 47-year-old patient with anuria D. A 55-year-old patient who receives cisplatin to treat ovarian cancer

C. A 47-year-old patient with anuria

Proton pump inhibitors have the ability to almost totally inhibit gastric acid secretion. Due to this possibility, the use of the medication can lead to what problem? A. Gastric ulcer formation B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) C. Achlorhydria D. Diverticulosis

C. Achlorhydria

Before administering a dose of an antidysrhythmic drug to an assigned patient, which assessments would be of highest priority? A. Urine output and specific gravity B. Temperature and pulse rate C. Apical pulse and blood pressure D. Peripheral pulses and level of consciousness

C. Apical pulse and blood pressure

In order to prevent the development of tolerance, the nurse instructs the patient to perform which action? A. Apply the nitroglycerin patch every other day. B. Switch to sublingual nitroglycerin when the patient's systolic blood pressure elevates to >140 mm Hg. C. Apply the nitroglycerin patch for 16 hours each and remove for 8 hours at night. D. Use the nitroglycerin patch for acute episodes of angina only.

C. Apply the nitroglycerin patch for 16 hours each and remove for 8 hours at night.

The nurse would question an order for pseudoephedrine in a patient with a history of which condition? A. Pneumonia B. Osteoporosis C. Atrial fibrillation D. Peptic ulcer disease

C. Atrial fibrillation

To prevent the occurrence of cinchonism in a patient prescribed quinidine, what does the nurse emphasize as important? A. Wear sunscreen. B. Change positions slowly. C. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice. D. Increase dietary intake of potassium.

C. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.

What is included in the priority assessment before administering isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur)? A. Serum electrolytes B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine C. Blood pressure D. Level of consciousness

C. Blood pressure

Patients receiving filgrastim (Neupogen) should be taught to expect which side effect? A. Hypotension B. Constipation C. Bone pain D. Insomnia

C. Bone pain

When caring for a patient with angina, the nurse would question an order for a noncardioselective beta blocker in a patient with what coexisting medical diagnosis? A. Hypertension B. Atrial fibrillation C. Bronchial asthma D. Myocardial infarction

C. Bronchial asthma

How does sucralfate (Carafate) achieve a therapeutic effect? A. By neutralizing gastric acid B. By enhancing gastric absorption C. By forming a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa D. By inhibiting gastric acid secretion

C. By forming a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa

The nurse would teach a patient prescribed simethicone (Gas-X) to avoid which substances? A. Antacids B. Dairy products C. Carbonated beverages D. Histamine2-receptor antagonists

C. Carbonated beverages

The patient has been prescribed an ocular antihistamine, olopatadine (Patanol), for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The nurse knows the medication works though which action? A. Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to reduce edema B. Isotonic action to lubricate and reduce symptoms C. Competing at histamine receptor sites D. Inhibiting release of mast cells

C. Competing at histamine receptor sites

A patient receiving a unit of red blood cells suddenly develops shortness of breath, chills, and fever. Following patient assessment, what is the nurse's initial action? A. Reassure the patient that this is an expected reaction. B. Notify the physician while a peer monitors the blood transfusion. C. Discontinue the infusion of packed cells. D. Decrease the infusion rate, and reassess the patient in 15 minutes.

C. Discontinue the infusion of packed cells.

Carvedilol (Coreg) is classified as a A. beta blocker. B. alpha1 blocker. C. Dual-action alpha1 and beta receptor blocker. D. Calcium channel blocker.

C. Dual-action alpha1 and beta receptor blocker.

What common side effect would the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a patient receiving finasteride (Proscar)? A. Hair loss B. Increased libido C. Ejaculatory dysfunction D. Muscle weakness

C. Ejaculatory dysfunction

The formation of erythrocytes and maturation of the red blood cell (RBC) is driven by what hormone? A. Progesterone B. Testosterone C. Erythropoietin D. Free thyroxin

C. Erythropoietin

A patient is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and has a history of chronic renal insufficiency. Why does the physician order furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg twice a day? A. Furosemide will not cause potassium loss. B. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with pulmonary congestion. C. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with renal insufficiency. D. Furosemide will increase PO2 levels.

C. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with renal insufficiency.

The nurse would question an order for simvastatin (Zocor) in a patient with which condition? A. Leukemia B. Diabetes C. Hepatic disease D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

C. Hepatic disease

The nurse would question the administration of testosterone to a patient with which condition? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypovolemia

C. Hyperkalemia

When assessing a patient taking triamterene (Dyrenium), the nurse would specifically monitor for which adverse effect? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypoglycemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypernatremia

C. Hyperkalemia

The nurse would question a physician's prescription for vitamin D in a patient with which diagnosis? A. Chronic renal failure B. Hypothyroidism C. Hyperparathyroidism D. Graves' disease

C. Hyperparathyroidism

When assessing for potential side effects of fludrocortisone (Florinef), the nurse monitors for signs and symptoms of which adverse effect? A. Hyponatremia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypovolemia

C. Hypokalemia

Which laboratory value depicts a known side effect of furosemide (Lasix)? A. Hyperchloremia B. Hypernatremia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypophosphatemia

C. Hypokalemia

The nurse would question an order for a calcium channel blocker in a patient with which condition? A. Angina pectoris B. Increased intracranial pressure C. Hypotension D. Dysrhythmia

C. Hypotension

Patient teaching regarding expectorants should instruct the patient to perform which action? A. Restrict fluids to decrease mucus production. B. Take the medication once a day only, usually at bedtime. C. Increase fluid intake to decrease viscosity of secretions. D. Increase fiber and fluid intake to prevent constipation.

C. Increase fluid intake to decrease viscosity of secretions.

The nurse will assess a patient receiving gemfibrozil (Lopid) and warfarin (Coumadin) for which adverse effect? A. Increased risk of clotting B. Increased risk of vitamin K toxicity C. Increased risk of bleeding D. Deep vein thrombosis

C. Increased risk of bleeding

The nurse is providing education to a patient with a history of chronic nasal congestion secondary to allergic rhinitis. Which class of medications would the nurse anticipate the provider would recommend for the patient to use on a long-term basis? A. Anititussives B. Antihistamines C. Intranasal steroids D. Expectorants

C. Intranasal steroids

What is the mechanism of action of diphenoxylate (Lomotil)? A. It increases intestinal excretion of water. B. It increases intestinal motility. C. It decreases peristalsis in the intestinal wall. D. It decreases the reabsorption of water in the bowel.

C. It decreases peristalsis in the intestinal wall.

Calcium channel blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand by reducing afterload. How would the nurse explain afterload to the patient? A. It is the blood volume within the heart. B. It is the pressure within the heart. C. It is the pressure against which the heart must pump. D. It is the contractility of the heart muscle.

C. It is the pressure against which the heart must pump.

The nurse is providing education to a patient and his caregiver—his pregnant daughter—about dutasteride (Avodart), which he will be taking for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What important teaching would the nurse provide to the patient and his daughter about the administration of this medication? A. It should be taken with food containing dairy. B. It may be placed in daily medication container with other medications. C. It must not be touched or handled by his daughter due to teratogenic effects. D. For best results, it needs to be taken at hour of sleep on empty stomach.

C. It must not be touched or handled by his daughter due to teratogenic effects.

The nurse is discussing with a patient the time of day for taking prednisone. What information would the nurse include in the teaching based on knowledge of glucocorticoids? A. It is usually administered early in the evening to coincide with the natural secretion pattern of the adrenal cortex. B. It is usually administered on a strict, unchanging schedule in order to prevent adverse reactions. C. It should be administered with food to diminish the risk of gastric irritation. D. It should be administered with the patient's morning coffee to enhance its effects.

C. It should be administered with food to diminish the risk of gastric irritation.

Which type of antacids will the nurse most likely question in an order for a patient with chronic renal failure? A. Aluminum-containing antacids B. Calcium-containing antacids C. Magnesium-containing antacids D. Sodium-containing antacids

C. Magnesium-containing antacids

At the time of birth, infants are often treated with erythromycin eye ointment as prophylactic treatment against what possible organism? A. Aspergillus fumigatus B. Candida albicans C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae D. Malassezia furfur

C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Adenosine is used to treat which condition? A. Atrial fibrillation B. Atrial flutter C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) D. Second-degree atrioventricular block

C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)

The most common and possibly devastating effect of peripheral total parenteral nutrition (PPN) is which condition? A. Poor nutrition B. Heart failure C. Phlebitis D. Electrolyte imbalance

C. Phlebitis

When teaching a patient regarding proper application of a Testoderm transdermal patch, the nurse will instruct the patient to perform which action? A. Replace the patch every 72 hours. B. Replace the patch every 36 hours. C. Place the patch on clean, dry, shaved scrotal skin. D. Place the patch on the back, abdomen, upper arms, or thigh.

C. Place the patch on clean, dry, shaved scrotal skin.

The nurse would question an order to administer misoprostol (Cytotec) to a patient with which condition? A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease C. Pregnancy D. Peptic ulcer

C. Pregnancy

The most severe adverse effects of amiodarone are evidenced in which body system? A. Renal B. Hepatic C. Pulmonary D. Hematologic

C. Pulmonary

What is an additional function of lactulose, a hyperosmotic laxative? A. Decreasing peripheral edema B. Correcting sodium imbalances C. Reducing ammonia levels D. Alleviating galactose intolerance

C. Reducing ammonia levels

The nurse is providing care to a patient newly admitted for trauma from a motor vehicle accident. The provider has ordered IV fluids with potassium. What information noted in the patient's history would alert the nurse to question the order for this IV fluid? A. Hypertension B. Cirrhosis of the liver C. Renal failure D. Multiple sclerosis

C. Renal failure

A patient is prescribed an over-the-counter laxative magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia). Which disorder in the patient's history would alert the nurse that there is a need to discuss this medication with the patient and the provider? A. Hypertension B. Liver dysfunction C. Renal insufficiency D. Chronic constipation

C. Renal insufficiency

The nurse is teaching the patient taking an antithyroid medication to avoid foods high in iodine. Which food will the nurse advise the patient against? A. Milk B. Eggs C. Seafood D. Chicken

C. Seafood

Which over-the-counter/herbal product, when taken with theophylline, can decrease theophylline's serum drug levels? A. Caffeine B. Diphenhydramine C. St. John's wort D. Echinacea

C. St. John's wort

What vitamin can be synthesized by the skin when exposed to sunlight but can also be supplemented as needed? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin K C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B complex

C. Vitamin D

When planning administration of antiemetic medications to a patient, the nurse is aware that combination therapy is preferred because A. the risk of constipation is decreased. B. lower doses of medication are cost-effective. C. different vomiting pathways are blocked. D. increased sedation is achieved by higher doses of medication.

C. different vomiting pathways are blocked.

The advantage of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors over other NSAIDs is that they A. have a longer duration of action. B. are less likely to cause hepatic toxicity. C. do not decrease the cytoprotective lining of the stomach. D. have a more rapid onset of action.

C. do not decrease the cytoprotective lining of the stomach.

When planning administration of hypertonic saline solution to treat a patient with severe hyponatremia, the nurse monitors for signs and symptoms of overdose as manifested by A. lethargy and hypotension. B. vomiting and diarrhea. C. flushed skin and increased thirst. D. confusion and seizures.

C. flushed skin and increased thirst.

A patient with severe trauma is admitted to the intensive care unit. The patient has received 5000 mL of normal saline, is exhibiting peripheral edema, and remains hypotensive. The nurse anticipates administering which substance to correct fluid balance? A. Ringer's lactate B. A 3% saline solution C. hetastarch (Hespan) D. D5W

C. hetastarch (Hespan)

Which NSAID would the nurse anticipate administering parenterally for the treatment of acute postoperative pain? A. allopurinol (Zyloprim) B. indomethacin (Indocin) C. ketorolac (Toradol) D. diclofenac (Cataflam)

C. ketorolac (Toradol)

The nurse would plan to administer which calcium channel blocker to a patient with cerebral artery spasms following a subarachnoid hemorrhage? A. amlodipine (Norvasc) B. diltiazem (Cardizem) C. nimodipine (Nimotop) D. verapamil (Calan)

C. nimodipine (Nimotop)

Which insulin can be administered by continuous intravenous infusion? A. insulin glargine (Lantus) B. insulin aspart (Novolog) C. regular insulin (Humulin R) D. insulin detemir (Levemir)

C. regular insulin (Humulin R)

Which oral hypoglycemic drug has a quick onset and short duration of action, enabling the patient to take the medication 30 minutes before eating and skip the dose if he or she does not eat? A. acarbose (Precose) B. metformin (Glucophage) C. repaglinide (Prandin) D. pioglitazone (Actos)

C. repaglinide (Prandin)

Which is an adverse effect of bethanechol (Urecholine)? A Constipation B Hypertension C Tachycardia D Headache

D Headache

A patient diagnosed with depression is started on a TCA after failure to improve symptoms on an SSRI. The nurse should include which teaching point when educating the patient about the new medication? A There are no contraindications to this medication. B The medication is safe; it has been used longer than many others. C This class of medications has no other use and is only for depression. D There is a risk of toxicity when this medication is taken with alcohol.

D There is a risk of toxicity when this medication is taken with alcohol.

The nurse is caring for a patient with Parkinson's disease. The patient has been taking entacapone (Comtan) for the past week to treat an on-off phenomenon. The patient expresses concern over brown-orange urine. What information will the nurse provide? A The patient may be developing renal failure. B The patient may be developing hepatic failure. C Brown-orange urine signifies a lack of fluid intake. D This is a normal occurrence related to entacapone (Comtan).

D This is a normal occurrence related to entacapone (Comtan).

When assessing for cardiovascular effects of a beta blocker, the nurse understands that these drugs produce A a positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. B a positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect. C a negative inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. D a negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect.

D a negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect.

When teaching a patient about beta blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin) and metoprolol (Lopressor), it is important to inform the patient that A these medications may be taken with antacids to minimize gastrointestinal distress. B hot baths and showers will help enhance the therapeutic effects and are encouraged. C alcohol intake is encouraged for its vasodilating effects. D abrupt medication withdrawal may lead to a rebound hypertensive crisis.

D abrupt medication withdrawal may lead to a rebound hypertensive crisis.

A hypertensive crisis may occur if adrenergic (sympathomimetic) drugs are given along with A beta blockers. B diuretics. C alpha1 blockers. D monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.

D monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.

What atypical antipsychotic medication would the nurse anticipate a provider prescribing for treatment of refractory schizophrenia? A trazodone (Desyrel) B phenelzine (Nardil) C amoxapine (Asendin) D risperidone (Risperdal)

D risperidone (Risperdal)

Nonselective beta blockers may be used to treat hypertension and A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). B heart failure. C heart block. D supraventricular dysrhythmias.

D supraventricular dysrhythmias.

Which statement is accurate when discussing self-treatment options with a patient? A) "Over-the-counter medications are not as potent as prescription drugs." B) "The use of over-the-counter medications is gradually decreasing with the increased availability of more effective prescription medications." C) "Herbal remedies have not demonstrated any adverse effects with their use." D) "Over-the-counter medications can, at times, be used in place of prescription drugs. It is important to discuss the use of these with your health care provider."

D) "Over-the-counter medications can, at times, be used in place of prescription drugs. It is important to discuss the use of these with your health care provider."

The nurse would question the use of kava in a patient with a history of which condition? A) Anxiety B) Hypertension C) Cardiovascular disease D) Hepatitis

D) Hepatitis

What education and discharge information for a patient receiving an antilipemic medication would the nurse include for the patient? A. "This medication will take over for other interventions you have been trying to decrease your cholesterol." B. "It is important for you to double your dose if you miss one in order to maintain therapeutic blood levels." C. "Stop taking the medication if it causes nausea and vomiting." D. "Continue your exercise program, and maintain a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids."

D. "Continue your exercise program, and maintain a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids."

The patient questions a nurse about herbal treatments for arthritic pain. What is the nurse's best response? A. "Ginkgo biloba has shown tremendous benefit as an antiinflammatory drug." B. "High doses of vitamins have been used for many years to help maintain joint health." C. "There really are no safe herbal treatments for pain. Your best action would be to take your prescription medications." D. "Glucosamine sulfate with chondroitin has demonstrated promising results in the treatment of joint stiffness and pain. Discuss this with your health care provider."

D. "Glucosamine sulfate with chondroitin has demonstrated promising results in the treatment of joint stiffness and pain. Discuss this with your health care provider."

Which statement by the patient demonstrates a need for further education regarding nitroglycerin? A. "If I get a headache, I should keep taking my nitroglycerin and use Tylenol for pain relief." B. "I should keep my nitroglycerin in a cool, dry place." C. "I should change positions slowly to avoid getting dizzy from the nitroglycerin's effect on my blood pressure." D. "I can take up to four tablets at 5-minute intervals for chest pain."

D. "I can take up to four tablets at 5-minute intervals for chest pain."

Which statement, made by the patient, demonstrates a knowledge deficit regarding colestipol (Colestid)? A. "The medication may cause constipation, so I will increase fluid and fiber in my diet." B. "I should take this medication 1 hour after or 4 hours before my other medications." C. "I might need to take fat-soluble vitamins to supplement my diet." D. "I should mix and stir the powder in as small an amount of fluid as possible in order to maintain potency of the medication."

D. "I should mix and stir the powder in as small an amount of fluid as possible in order to maintain potency of the medication."

The nurse evaluates and determines the patient has a good understanding of the discharge instructions regarding warfarin (Coumadin) when the patient responds with which statement? A. "I will double my dose if I forget to take it the day before." B. "I should keep taking ibuprofen for my arthritis." C. "I should decrease the dose if I start bruising easily." D. "I should use a soft toothbrush for dental hygiene."

D. "I should use a soft toothbrush for dental hygiene."

Patient teaching regarding sublingual nitroglycerin should include which statement? A. "You can take up to five doses every 3 minutes for chest pain." B. "Chew the tablet for the quickest effect." C. "Keep the tablets locked in a safe place until you need them." D. "Sit or lie down after you take a nitroglycerin tablet to prevent dizziness."

D. "Sit or lie down after you take a nitroglycerin tablet to prevent dizziness."

What statement by the patient, who is using the anticholinergic inhaler ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), indicates to the nurse that teaching has been successful? A. "I will increase my intake of caffeine." B. "I may gain weight as a result of taking this medication." C. "Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of this medication, so I will always take it with meals." D. "This inhaler is not to be used alone to treat an acute asthma attack."

D. "This inhaler is not to be used alone to treat an acute asthma attack."

A patient asks about taking potassium supplements while taking spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the nurse's best response? A. "You are correct about your concern. I will make sure that you get some right away." B. "I will call your doctor and let him know of your concern." C. "Potassium supplements are usually not necessary with this type of diuretic." D. "You are on a diuretic that is potassium-sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium."

D. "You are on a diuretic that is potassium-sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium."

The nurse would include which statement when teaching a patient about insulin glargine? A. "You should inject this insulin just before meals because it is very fast acting." B. "The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day." C. "You can mix this insulin with NPH insulin to enhance its effects." D. "You cannot mix this insulin with regular insulin and thus will have to take two injections."

D. "You cannot mix this insulin with regular insulin and thus will have to take two injections."

The nurse would question an order for aminoglutethimide in a patient with which condition? A. Metastatic breast cancer B. Cushing's syndrome C. Adrenal malignancy D. Addison's disease

D. Addison's disease

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), as an adsorbent, has which mechanism of action? A. Decreased gastrointestinal motility B. Decreased gastric secretions C. Increased fluid absorption D. Binding to diarrhea-causing bacteria for excretion

D. Binding to diarrhea-causing bacteria for excretion

When developing a nursing care plan for a patient receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen), the nurse will include monitoring for which adverse effect? A. Chronic diarrhea B. Severe hypotension C. Impaired liver function D. Change in level of consciousness

D. Change in level of consciousness

Assessment of the patient taking colchicine should include consideration of which nursing diagnoses? A. Constipation related to side effect of medication B. Risk for infection related to medication-induced leukocytosis C. Risk for injury related to side effect of seizures D. Deficient fluid volume related to side effects of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

D. Deficient fluid volume related to side effects of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

It is most important to instruct a patient prescribed nitroglycerin to avoid which substance(s)? A. Antacids B. Grapefruit juice C. Thiazide diuretics D. Erectile dysfunction medications

D. Erectile dysfunction medications

Patient teaching regarding the administration of vitamin C would include which indication(s) of toxicity? A. Excessive bleeding tendencies B. Constipation C. Seizure activity D. Nausea and vomiting and abdominal cramping

D. Nausea and vomiting and abdominal cramping

When administering ferrous sulfate (iron) to a patient, the nurse plans to give this medication with which fluid to increase absorption of the iron? A. 8 ounces of water B. 4 ounces of milk C. Hot tea D. Orange juice

D. Orange juice

After administering somatropin (Serostim), the nurse would assess for adverse effects by monitoring which parameters? A. Serum potassium levels B. Mental status C. Respiratory rate D. Serum glucose levels

D. Serum glucose levels

What is the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute respiratory disorders? A. They stimulate the immune system. B. They directly dilate the bronchi. C. They increase gas exchange in the alveoli. D. They decrease inflammation.

D. They decrease inflammation.

A male patient has been ordered clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex-G) after a diagnosis of jock itch. What is the technical name the nurse would use to document the diagnosis on the chart and the reason the patient has been prescribed this medication? A. Tinea corporis B. Tinea capitis C. Tinea pedis D. Tinea cruris

D. Tinea cruris

Which nitrate preparation or dosage form has the longest duration of action? A. Sublingual nitroglycerin B. Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate C. Oral isosorbide dinitrate D. Transdermal nitroglycerin patch

D. Transdermal nitroglycerin patch

The nurse plans to administer 50 mg diphenhydramine (Benadryl) intravenously. How will the nurse administer this medication? A. Diluted in 50 mL normal saline over 30 minutes B. Undiluted over 1 minute C. Diluted in 100 mL D5W over 20 minutes D. Undiluted over 2 minutes

D. Undiluted over 2 minutes

The nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed epoetin alfa (Epogen). What does the nurse expect as the reason for use of this medication in this patient? A. To replace blood loss from surgery B. To replace blood loss from a trauma C. Treatment of pregnancy associated anemia D. Use for anemic patient with renal failure

D. Use for anemic patient with renal failure

A patient is complaining of excessive earwax, leading to diminished hearing ability. The nurse will expect to teach the patient regarding administration of which medication to correct this problem? A. hydrocortisone B. pramoxine C. acetic acid D. carbamide peroxide

D. carbamide peroxide

The nurse reviews a patient's laboratory values and finds a digoxin level of 10 ng/mL and a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. The nurse would notify the health care provider and anticipate administering A. sodium polystyrene sulfonate. B. atropine. C. epinephrine. D. digoxin immune Fab.

D. digoxin immune Fab.

The nurse prepares to administer which diuretic to treat a patient with acute pulmonary edema? A. spironolactone (Aldactone) B. amiloride (Midamor) C. triamterene (Dyrenium) D. furosemide (Lasix)

D. furosemide (Lasix)

The nurse admitting a patient with acromegaly anticipates administering which medication? A. desmopressin (DDAVP) B. corticotropin (Acthar) C. somatropin (Nutropin) D. octreotide (Sandostatin)

D. octreotide (Sandostatin)

Which drug works by blocking serotonin in the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting center, and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)? A. metoclopramide (Reglan) B. meclizine (Antivert) C. droperidol (Inapsine) D. ondansetron (Zofran)

D. ondansetron (Zofran)

Which medication would the nurse question if prescribed concurrently with ACE inhibitors? A. furosemide (Lasix) B. morphine C. Colace D. potassium

D. potassium

ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers both work to decrease blood pressure by A. preventing the formation of angiotensin II. B. enhancing sodium and water resorption. C. increasing the breakdown of bradykinin. D. preventing aldosterone secretion.

D. preventing aldosterone secretion.

The nurse is administering probenecid (Benemid) to a patient with recurrent strep throat. The nurse teaches the patient that the most likely reason for taking this medication is to A. prevent the occurrence of gout. B. increase uric acid excretion. C. inhibit bacterial growth and replication. D. prolong the effectiveness of penicillin therapy.

D. prolong the effectiveness of penicillin therapy.

The nurse recognizes that metoclopramide (Reglan) is useful in treating postoperative nausea and vomiting because it A. decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract. B. decreases chemoreceptor stimulation. C. improves the body's response to analgesia. D. promotes motility in the small intestine.

D. promotes motility in the small intestine.

Before emergency surgery, the nurse would anticipate administering which medication to a patient receiving heparin? A. vitamin K B. vitamin E C. phenytoin D. protamine sulfate

D. protamine sulfate

When planning care for a burn patient, the nurse would anticipate applying which topical medication? A. erythromycin (E-Mycin) B. lindane C. minoxidil (Rogaine) D. silver sulfadiazine (Sulfadine)

D. silver sulfadiazine (Sulfadine)

The nurse is educating a patient who has been prescribed methylphenidate for narcolepsy about the drug's adverse effects. What potential adverse effects would the nurse include in the patient teaching? (Select all that apply.) A Weight Loss B Headache C Insomnia D Decreased blood pressure E Increased appetite

a, b, c

Which statement best reflects the nurse's understanding of cultural influences on drug therapy and other health practices? a Administration of some drugs may elicit varied responses in specific racial-ethnic groups. b Regardless of one's cultural background, it is crucial to always adhere to recommended medical practices. c Most cultures are fairly standard in reference to the use of medications during illness. d Dietary habits and practices can be of little value to the care of an ill adult.

a Administration of some drugs may elicit varied responses in specific racial-ethnic groups.

When the nurse completes patient teaching on a new medication, which method will the nurse use to evaluate the patient's understanding of the information? a Ask specific questions to evaluate understanding. b Observe the patient taking the medication. c Assess the patient for response to the medication. d Document the education session in the patient chart.

a Ask specific questions to evaluate understanding.

What phase of the nursing process would be a priority for the nurse when providing education on a new medication to a patient and family? a Assessment b Outcome planning c Evaluation d Goal identification

a Assessment

When receiving a patient transferred from another unit, which action is most useful to prevent medication errors? a Completing a medication reconciliation between units b Participating in a verbal report from the transferring nurse c Asking the patient what medications were received upon transfer d Asking the physician to rewrite all medication orders upon transfer

a Completing a medication reconciliation between units

Knowing that the albumin in neonates and infants has a lower binding capacity for medications, the nurse can expect the prescriber to perform which action to minimize the risk of toxicity? a Decrease the amount of drug given b Increase the amount of drug given c Shorten the time interval between doses d Administer the medication intravenously

a Decrease the amount of drug given

When teaching a pregnant mother about the effects of medication on the fetus, the nurse recognizes that the greatest harm from maternally ingested medications occurs during which time period? a First trimester b Second trimester c Third trimester d Birthing process

a First trimester

When a patient asks the nurse why a lower dose of intravenous pain medication is being given than the previous oral dose, what knowledge will the nurse draw on to respond to the patient? a Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect. b Medications given orally bypass the portal circulatory system. c A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver. d Drugs administered intravenously enter the portal system prior to systemic distribution.

a Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect.

The nurse notes that a medication was scheduled to be administered at 0900. A medication error has occurred if the medication was administered at which time? a. 0800 b. 0830 c. 0900 d. 0930

a. 0800

What is the nurse's role in the development of new and investigational drugs? a Monitoring for and reporting any adverse effects noted during Phase IV studies b Selecting patients to participate in Phase I studies c Identifying patients who are receiving placebo drugs during Phase III studies d Informing patients of the specific drug they are receiving within a blinded investigational study during Phase III

a Monitoring for and reporting any adverse effects noted during Phase IV studies

Why are specific medications classified as "high-alert" medications? a Potential for patient harm is higher with these medications. b Medications always cause certain adverse effects. c States require that these medications be on the high-alert list. d Only RNs are allowed to administer these medications.

a Potential for patient harm is higher with these medications.

When assessing for the most serious adverse reaction to a narcotic analgesic, what does the nurse monitor for in the patient? a Respiratory rate b Heart rate c Blood pressure d Mental status

a Respiratory rate

What organization announced new regulations requiring bar codes for all prescription and over-the-counter medications? a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) c Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) d Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Patients with renal failure would most likely have problems with drug a excretion. b absorption. c metabolism. d distribution.

a excretion

Which medication is used to treat a patient suffering from severe adverse effects of a narcotic analgesic? a naloxone (Narcan) b acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) c methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) d flumazenil (Romazicon)

a naloxone (Narcan)

While completing preoperative patient teaching, the nurse explains that general anesthesia a produces deep muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness. b results in moderate sedation in which the patient can follow commands but will not remember anything following the procedure. c provides anesthesia to a specific region of the body and generalized sedation. d typically is achieved using only one type of medication.

a produces deep muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness.

The nurse is aware that the most appropriate time to begin patient education and begin the teaching-learning process is a upon the patient's admission to the health care setting. b once the medical diagnosis is established. c when there are written orders for teaching. d at the time discharge planning is begun.

a upon the patient's admission to the health care setting.

The client is diagnosed with low back pain and is prescribed the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril). Which instructions should the clinic nurse teach the client? Select all that apply. a. The medication can cause drowsiness that will make driving unsafe. b. Suck on hard candy if the client experiences dry mouth. c. Divide the dose of medication between early morning and bedtime. d. Drink a full glass of water with each dose of medication. e. Take the medication just before leaving home for work each day.

a, b

When teaching a patient about carvedilol (Coreg), the nurse explains that this medication reduces blood pressure by which actions? (Select all that apply.) A. Reducing heart rate B. Vasodilation C. Decreasing stress D. Increasing urine output

a, b

A nurse is admitting a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura to the unit. In completing the admission assessment, the nurse must be alert for what medications that alter platelet function? (Mark all that apply.) a. Aspirin-based drugs b. Sulfa-containing medications c. NSAIDs d. Antihypertensives e. Penicillins

a, b, c

A patient receiving valproic acid (Depakote) should be monitored for which adverse effects? (Select all that apply.) A Tremors B Weight gain C Hepatoxicity D Hypoglycemia E Insomnia

a, b, c

Before administering an antileukotriene medication, the nurse would assess the patient for allergies to which substance? (Select all that apply.) A. Lactose B. Povidone C. Cellulose D. Chlorhexedine

a, b, c

Potassium-sparing diuretics may cause which adverse reactions? (Select all that apply.) A. Hyperkalemia B. Dizziness C. Headache D. Hypermagnesemia E. Muscle cramps

a, b, c

Side effects to expect from anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) drugs, such as atropine, include (Select all that apply.) A. dilated pupils. B. urinary retention. C. dry mouth. D. diarrhea E. increased sweating.

a, b, c

The nurse is providing patient teaching about antacids. Which statements about antacids are accurate? (Select all that apply.) a. Rebound hyperacidity may occur with calcium-based antacids. b. Antacids neutralize acid in the stomach. c. Magnesium-based antacids cause diarrhea. d. Antacids reduce the production of acid in the stomach. e. Aluminum-based antacids cause diarrhea.

a, b, c

When titrating intravenous nitroglycerin, which assessment findings does the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.) A. Blood pressure B. Heart rate C. Chest pain D. Respiratory rate

a, b, c

Your patient is receiving dobutamine as a continuous infusion. Titration of this medication is based upon which factors? (Select all that apply.) A Heart rate B Blood pressure C Urine output D Liver enzymes E Respiratory rate

a, b, c

When teaching a patient regarding desmopressin (DDAVP), the nurse will inform the patient to monitor for which potential side effects? (Select all that apply.) A. Headache B. Weight gain C. Nasal irritation D. Hyperglycemia E. Hypotension

a, b, c,

Assessment of a patient receiving a positive inotropic drug would include reviewing which values? (Select all that apply.) A. Lung sounds B. Daily weights C. Apical pulse D. Serum electrolytes E. Complete blood count

a, b, c, d

The nurse is discussing management of symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Which classes of medications are often used in treating the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections? (Select all that apply.) A. Antihistamines B. Nasal decongestants C. Antitussives D. Expectorants E. Antibiotics

a, b, c, d

The nurse is providing medication education to a non-English-speaking patient. Who is qualified to act as a translator in this situation? (Select all that apply.) a. A certified translator b. A family member who does speak English c. Another health care provider who speaks the language d. Religious leader for the family e. A layperson versed in the person's language f. Translator system on computer/web-based

a, b, c, d, e, f

There are multiple factors that affect medication response. The nurse recognizes which factors as having a possible effect on medication response? (Select all that apply.) a. Patient compliance with therapy b. Genetic influences c. Body composition d. Use of alternative therapies e. Diet and nutrition f. Level of education g. Socioeconomic factors

a, b, c, d, e, f, g

In which step of the medication process can a medication error occur? (Select all that apply.) a. Procurement b. Prescribing c. Transcribing d. Verification e. Administration

a, b, c, e

The nurse recognizes that patient teaching regarding warfarin (Coumadin) has been successful when the patient acknowledges an increased risk of bleeding with concurrent use of which herbal product? (Select all that apply.) A. Garlic B. Ginkgo C. Dong quai D. Glucosamine E. St. John's wort

a, b, c, e

Which are common side effects of fenofibrate (Tricor), a fibric acid derivative? (Select all that apply.) A. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain B. Increase in gallstone formation C. Impotence D. Constipation E. Rash

a, b, c, e

Which are known contraindications for use of erythropoiesis stimulation agents in patients? (Select all that apply.) A. Uncontrolled hypertension B. Cancer of the neck C. History of thrombosis D. Renal failure E. Hemoglobin level of 15 g/dL

a, b, c, e

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is to start colchicine (Colgout) for acute gouty arthritis. The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Avoid aspirin or products containing salicylates. b. Avoid alcohol use. c. Decrease fluid intake. d. Notify the provider of bleeding, bruising, or sore throat. e. Take the medication on an empty stomach to increase absorption.

a, b, d

A patient asks the nurse about a new drug advertised on television. The patient wants to know if Ambien would be better for her to use than her current medication, Restoril, for periodic insomnia. The nurse's response is based on knowledge that zolpidem (Ambien) (Select all that apply.) a. is less likely to cause grogginess in the morning. b. is a pregnancy category C medication. c. is contraindicated with asthma. d. should be limited to 7 to 10 days of treatment.

a, b, d

A patient is being seen for acne issues. The nurse is discussing use of various topical drugs. Which drugs are used in the treatment of acne?(Select all that apply.) A. benzoyl peroxide B. clindamycin C. isotretinoin D. vitamin A acid E. norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol

a, b, d

Nursing care for a patient receiving alteplase (Activase) would include which action? (Select all that apply.) A. Record vital signs and report changes. B. Observe for signs and symptoms of bleeding. C. Monitor liver enzymes. D. Assess for cardiac dysrhythmias. E. Administer injections intramuscularly to prevent bleeding.

a, b, d

The acetic acid derivative indomethacin (Indocin) has which properties? (Select all that apply.) A. Antiinflammatory B. Antirheumatic C. Antinausea D. Antipyretic E. Anticonvulsant

a, b, d

Which information should be included in a teaching plan for patients taking oral hypoglycemic drugs? (Select all that apply.) A. Limit your alcohol consumption. B. Report symptoms of anorexia and fatigue. C. Take your medication only as needed. D. Notify your physician if blood glucose levels rise above the level set for you.

a, b, d

A patient is prescribed selegiline, an MAO-B inhibitor, as adjunctive therapy in treatment of Parkinson's disease. What potential adverse effects would the nurse include in education for this patient? (Select all that apply.) A Headache B Insomnia C Weight gain D Depression E Blood pressure changes

a, b, d, e

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to an elderly patient with short-term memory problems. Which strategies will the nurse use in educating the patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Repeat information frequently. b. Provide written instructions for home use. c. Instruct patient to take all medications in the morning. d. Encourage use of daily medication containers with alarms. e. Perform several short teaching-learning sessions.

a, b, d, e

A cholinergic drug is prescribed for a patient. The nurse checks the patient's medical history, knowing that this drug is contraindicated in which disorders? (Select all that apply.) a. Bradycardia b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c. Bladder atony d. Gastrointestinal obstruction e. Alzheimer's disease f. Hypotension

a, b, d, f

A nurse is providing education to a group of athletes on the topic of anabolic steroids. What side effects would the nurse include in the discussion with the group of athletes? (Select all that apply.) A. Sterility B. Liver cancer C. Impotence D. Stroke E. Cardiovascular disease

a, b, e

Which groups of individuals are at highest risk for development of iron deficiency anemia? (Select all that apply.) A. Women aged 12 to 40 B. Children C. Men aged 20 to 40 years D. Men over age 50 years E. Pregnant women

a, b, e

You are doing discharge teaching with a patient who is going home with a diagnosis of hypophosphatemia. The patient has a diet ordered that is high in phosphate. What foods would you teach this patient to include in his diet? (Mark all that apply.) a. Poultry b. Liver c. Green vegetables d. Beef e. Milk

a, b, e

Which are nursing responsibilities associated with the care of a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? (Select all that apply.) A. Monitoring capillary serum glucose every 6 hours B. Protecting the solution from exposure to light at all times C. Maintaining sterile asepsis when handling the site or solution D. Accelerating the rate of infusion to keep the infusion on time as needed

a, c

A patient taking spironolactone (Aldactone) requests assistance with dietary choices. The nurse would recommend which food choices? (Select all that apply.) A. Lean meat B. Bananas C. Apples D. Squash

a, c, d

Acetazolamide (Diamox) is used to treat which disorders? (Select all that apply.) A. Edema associated with heart failure B. Metabolic acidosis C. High-altitude sickness D. Open-angle glaucoma

a, c, d

Antidopaminergic drugs are useful to treat not only nausea and vomiting but which other conditions? (Select all that apply.) A. Anxiety B. Seizures C. Intractable hiccups D. Schizophrenia E. Bone marrow suppression

a, c, d

Beta blockers are used to treat which disorders? (Select all that apply.) A Hypertension B COPD C Angina pectoris D Cardiac dysrhythmias E Raynaud's disease

a, c, d

Elemental formulations are used for patients with conditions that cause limited ability to digest nutrition. Which substances may be included in elemental formulations? (Select all that apply.) A. Amino acids B. Cow-based proteins C. Dipeptides D. Tripeptides E. Fats

a, c, d

For which potential adverse effects would the nurse monitor patients prescribed amiodarone? (Select all that apply.) A. Bluish skin discoloration B. Diarrhea C. Hypothyroidism D. Photosensitivity E. Hypertension

a, c, d

The nurse is administering didanosine (Videx) to a client with HIV. Before administering this medication, the nurse should check which lab test results? Select all that apply. a. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) b. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) c. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) d. Elevated serum amylase e. Elevated serum creatinine

a, c, d

The nurse is educating a patient newly diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma on the adverse effects of the indirect-acting miotic eye drops prescribed. What will the nurse include in the teaching as possible adverse effects? (Select all that apply.) A. Blurred vision B. Farsightedness C. Stinging on instillation D. Decreased nighttime vision E. Paralysis of eyelids

a, c, d

The nurse is providing education to a patient on the primary uses of cholinergic drugs. Which uses would the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A To stimulate peristalsis B To elevate heart rate C To decrease intraocular pressure D To stimulate bladder emptying E To dilate pulmonary airways

a, c, d

The nurse understands that drugs exert their actions on the body by (Select all that apply.) a. interacting with receptors. b. making the cell perform a new function. c. inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme. d. altering metabolic chemical processes.

a, c, d

When assessing a patient for adverse effects related to morphine sulfate, which effects would the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.) a. Decreased peristalsis b. Diarrhea c. Delayed gastric emptying d. Urinary retention

a, c, d

Which actions describe the beneficial effects produced by sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics? (Select all that apply.) A. Stimulate insulin secretion from beta cells B. Increase hepatic glucose production C. Enhance action of insulin in various tissues D. Inhibit breakdown of insulin by liver

a, c, d

Which conditions is aminoglutethimide used to treat? (Select all that apply.) A. Cushing's syndrome B. Testicular cancer C. Adrenal cancer D. Metastatic breast cancer E. Thyroid cancer

a, c, d

The client is taking acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA), four to five times a day for severe osteoarthritic pain. Which teaching interventions should the nurse discuss with the client? Select all that apply. a. Maintain a serum salicylate level of between 15 and 30 mg/dL. b. Explain that ringing in the ears is a common side effect. c. Do not drink any type of alcoholic beverages. d. Inform the dentist about taking high soses of ASA. e. Keep the ASA bottle out of the reach of children.

a, c, d, e

The nurse is reviewing the uses of oral laxatives. Which conditions are general contraindications to or cautions about the use of oral laxatives? (Select all that apply.) a. Fecal impaction b. Ingestion of toxic substances c. Abdominal pain of unknown origin d. Acute abdominal pain e. Nausea and vomiting f. Irritable bowel syndrome

a, c, d, e

When teaching a patient who will be receiving antihistamines, the nurse will include which instructions? (Select all that apply.) a. "Drink extra fluids if possible." b. "Take the medication on an empty stomach to maximize absorption of the drug." c. "Take the medication with food to minimize gastrointestinal distress." d. "Antihistamines are generally safe to take with over-the-counter medications." e. "Antihistamines may cause restlessness and disturbed sleep." f. "Avoid activities that require alertness until you know how adverse effects are tolerated."

a, c, f

A patient is taking a sulfonylurea medication for new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. When reviewing potential adverse effects during patient teaching, the nurse will include information about which of these effects? (Select all that apply.) a. Weight gain b. Peripheral edema c. Diarrhea d. Nausea e. Hypoglycemia

a, d, e

The nurse is reviewing adverse effects of antithyroid medications with a patient who has been taking PTU. What adverse effects does the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Liver toxicity B. Polyuria C. Kidney damage D. Bone marrow toxicity E. Joint pain

a, d, e

What vitamins are most likely to lead to toxic levels, hypervitaminosis, when administered in megadoses? (Select all that apply.) A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B complex C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D E. Vitamin K

a, d, e

The nurse has an order for administering a medication to the patient. Which providers have legal authority to prescribe medications for patients? (Select all that apply.) a. Physician b. Physical therapist c. Pharmacist d. Dentist e. Physician assistant f. Nurse practitioner

a, d, e, f

When teaching a patient about the proper application of timolol (Timoptic) eyedrops, the nurse will include which instruction? a. "Apply the drops into the conjunctival sac instead of directly onto the eye." b. "Tilt your head forward before applying the eyedrops." c. "Apply the drops directly to the eyeball (cornea) for the best effect." d. "Blot your eye with a tissue immediately after applying the drops."

a. "Apply the drops into the conjunctival sac instead of directly onto the eye."

Furosemide (Lasix) is prescribed for a patient who is about to be discharged, and the nurse provides instructions to the patient about the medication. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. "Be sure to change positions slowly and rise slowly after sitting or lying so as to prevent dizziness and possible fainting because of blood pressure changes." b. "Take this medication in the evening." c. "If you experience weight gain, such as 5 pounds or more per week, be sure to tell your physician during your next routine visit." d. "Avoid foods high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, fresh vegetables, and dates."

a. "Be sure to change positions slowly and rise slowly after sitting or lying so as to prevent dizziness and possible fainting because of blood pressure changes."

The client with renal calculi was prescribed allopurinol (Zyloprim) for uric acid stones. Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching? a. "I drink at least eight ounces of water a day." b. "I really enjoy a glass of wine with my evening meal." c. "i should have at least 8 ounces of milk with my pill." d. "My joints ache so I take a couple of aspirin."

a. "I drink at least eight ounces of water a day."

The client with osteoarthritis is prescribed the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Which statement by the client warrants intervention by the nurse? a. "I take aspirin daily to help prevent heart disease." b. "I know I am overweight and need to lose 50 pounds." c. "I walk 30 minutes at least three times a week.) d. "I am allergic to penicillin and aminoglycosides."

a. "I take aspirin daily to help prevent heart disease."

A patient has been advised to add a nasal spray (an adrenergic decongestant) to treat a cold. The nurse will include which instruction? a. "Limit use of this spray to 3 to 5 days." b. "Avoid use of this spray if a fever develops." c. "You won't see effects for at least 1 week." d. "Continue the spray until nasal stuffiness has resolved."

a. "Limit use of this spray to 3 to 5 days."

During a follow-up visit, the health care provider examines the fundus of the patient's eye. Afterward, the patient asks the nurse, "Why is he looking at my eyes when I have high blood pressure? It does not make sense to me!" What is the best response by the nurse? a. "The provider is making sure the treatment is effective over the long-term." b. "The provider is assessing for visual changes that may occur with drug therapy." c. "We must watch for increased intraocular pressure." d. "We need to monitor for drug toxicity."

a. "The provider is making sure the treatment is effective over the long-term."

A teenage boy is taking tretinoin (Retin-A) for acne. Which statement will the nurse include in the teaching plan? a. "This drug may cause increased redness of your skin." b. "Avoid foods that are heavy in salt and oils." c. "Being out in the sunlight will help your skin heal." d. "Try using an abrasive cleanser to remove old skin layers."

a. "This drug may cause increased redness of your skin."

When administering digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) to a patient with severe digoxin toxicity, the nurse knows that each vial can bind with how much digoxin? a. 0.5 mg b. 5.5 mg c. 5 mg d. 15 mg

a. 0.5 mg

A patient is receiving instructions regarding the use of caffeine. The nurse shares that caffeine should be used with caution if which of these conditions is present? a. A history of peptic ulcers b. Asthma c. Migraine headaches d. A history of kidney stones

a. A history of peptic ulcers

A patient is in an urgent-care center with an acute asthma attack. The nurse expects that which medication will be used for initial treatment? a. A short-acting beta2 agonist such as albuterol (Proventil) b. A corticosteroid such as fluticasone (Flovent) c. A long-acting beta2 agonist such as salmeterol (Serevent) d. An anticholinergic such as ipratropium (Atrovent)

a. A short-acting beta2 agonist such as albuterol (Proventil)

The nurse is preparing to administer methylnaltrexone (Relistor), a peripherally acting opioid antagonist. This drug is appropriate for which patient? a. A terminally ill patient who has opioid-induced constipation b. A patient with diarrhea c. A patient who will be having colon surgery in the morning d. A patient who is scheduled for a colonoscopy

a. A terminally ill patient who has opioid-induced constipation

The nurse is preparing to administer the following medications. Which medication should the nurse question administering? a. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a salicylate, to a client receiving warfarin (Coumadin). b. Ibuprofen (Motrin), an NSAID, to a client receiving furosemide (Lasix). c. Nabumetone (Relafen), a COX-2 inhibitor, to a client receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). d. Ketorolac (Toradol), and NSAID, intramuscularly to a client on a morphine PCA.

a. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a salicylate, to a client receiving warfarin (Coumadin).

The nurse is caring for a patient who has an order to discontinue the administration of parenteral nutrition. What will the nurse do to prevent the occurrence of rebound hypoglycemia in the patient? a. Administer an isotonic dextrose solution for 1 to 2 hours after discontinuing the PN. b. Administer a hypertonic dextrose solution for 1 to 2 hours after discontinuing the PN. c. Administer 3 ampules of dextrose 50% immediately prior to discontinuing the PN. d. Administer 3 ampules of dextrose 50% 1 hour after discontinuing the PN.

a. Administer an isotonic dextrose solution for 1 to 2 hours after discontinuing the PN.

The nurse reads in the patient's medication history that the patient is taking buspirone (BuSpar). The nurse interprets that the patient may have which disorder? a. Anxiety disorder b. Bipolar disorder c. Schizophrenia d. Depression

a. Anxiety disorder

Which of the following laboratory tests best evaluates HIV disease? a. CD4 count b. Liver function studies c. Platelets d. Complete blood count

a. CD4 count

Which statement describes the primary difference between centrally acting muscle relaxants and direct-acting antispasmodics? a. Centrally acting agents inhibit neurons of the central nervous system, while direct-acting agents work at the level of the neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscles. b. Centrally acting agents stimulate neurons of the central nervous system, while direct-acting agents stimulate neurons of the peripheral nervous system. c. Centrally acting agents stimulate the central nervous system, while direct-acting agents inhibit neuronal conduction of the central nervous system. d. Centrally acting agents inhibit neurons of the central nervous system, while direct-acting agents stimulate neurons of central nervous system

a. Centrally acting agents inhibit neurons of the central nervous system, while direct-acting agents work at the level of the neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscles.

A patient is receiving an aluminum-containing antacid. The nurse will inform the patient to watch for which possible adverse effect? a. Constipation b. Abdominal cramping c. Nausea d. Diarrhea

a. Constipation

When a patient is receiving a second-generation antipsychotic drug, such as risperidone (Risperdal), the nurse will monitor for which therapeutic effect? a. Decreased paranoia and delusions b. Fewer panic attacks c. Improved tardive dyskinesia d. Decreased feeling of hopelessness

a. Decreased paranoia and delusions

A patient is concerned about the adverse effects of the fibric acid derivative she is taking to lower her cholesterol level. Which is an adverse effect of this class of medication? a. Diarrhea b. Constipation c. Joint pain d. Dry mouth

a. Diarrhea

You are caring for a patient admitted with a diagnosis of renal failure. When you review your patient's laboratory reports, you note that the patient's magnesium levels are high. What would be important for you to assess? a. Diminished deep tendon reflexes b. Tachycardia c. Cool, clammy skin d. Increased serum magnesium

a. Diminished deep tendon reflexes

The client receives metronidizole (Flagyl) for treatment of a vaginal infection. What does the best medication education by the nurse include? a. Do not drink alcohol with this medication b. Eat at least two cups of yogurt daily while on this medication. c. Do not take this medication with milk or milk products. d. Drink at least 2,000 mL of fluid with this medication

a. Do not drink alcohol with this medication

A nurse working with elderly patients is concerned about the number of medications each patient is taking. Which will the nurse assess as the highest priority for the patients related to polypharmacy? a. Drug interactions b. Cost of medications c. Schedule of medications d. Nonadherence to drug regimen

a. Drug interactions

The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect when administering an anticholinergic drug? a. Dry mouth b. Pupillary constriction c. Diaphoresis d. Excessive urination

a. Dry mouth

When monitoring a patient who has diabetes and is receiving a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for edema, the nurse will monitor for which possible adverse effect? a. Elevated blood glucose b. Mental alertness c. Hyperkalemia d. Metabolic alkalosis

a. Elevated blood glucose

Which are common side effects of nitroglycerin? (Select all that apply.) A. Blurred vision B. Flushing C. Headache D. Hypotension

b, c, d

A patient has been prescribed warfarin (Coumadin) in addition to a heparin infusion. The patient asks the nurse why he has to be on two medications. The nurse's response is based on which rationale? a. Heparin is used to start anticoagulation so as to allow time for the blood levels of warfarin to reach adequate levels. b. The oral and injection forms work synergistically. c. The combination of heparin and an oral anticoagulant results in fewer adverse effects than heparin used alone. d. Oral anticoagulants are used to reach an adequate level of anticoagulation when heparin alone is unable to do so.

a. Heparin is used to start anticoagulation so as to allow time for the blood levels of warfarin to reach adequate levels.

While the nurse is taking an admission history, the patient reports having a previous allergic reaction to penicillins. What will the nurse document as part of the patient's allergic reaction response to penicillins? a. Hives b. Dry eyes c. Frequent urination d. Constipation

a. Hives

A patient will be discharged with a 1-week supply of an opioid analgesic for pain management after abdominal surgery. The nurse will include which information in the teaching plan? a. How to prevent constipation b. How to prevent dehydration due to diarrhea c. Importance of taking the drug only when the pain becomes severe d. Importance of taking the drug on an empty stomach

a. How to prevent constipation

A patient has been taking selegiline (Eldepryl), 20 mg per day for 1 month. Today, during his office visit, he tells the nurse that he forgot and had a beer with dinner last evening, and "felt awful." What did the patient most likely experience? a. Hypertension b. Gastrointestinal upset c. Hypotension d. Urinary discomfort

a. Hypertension

A mother brings her toddler into the emergency department and tells the nurse that she thinks the toddler has eaten an entire bottle of chewable aspirin tablets. The nurse will assess for which most common signs of salicylate intoxication in children? a. Hyperventilation and drowsiness b. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding c. Photosensitivity and nervousness d. Tinnitus and hearing loss

a. Hyperventilation and drowsiness

You are precepting a new graduate nurse in the ICU. The two of you are caring for a patient who is receiving large volumes of crystalloid fluid as a result of shock. What would you teach the new nurse to monitor the patient for symptoms of? a. Hypothermia b. Bradycardia c. Coffee ground emesis d. Pain

a. Hypothermia

The nurse is reviewing the various types of insulins. For each insulin listed below, place in order from shortest duration (1) to longest duration (4). a. Glargine insulin b. Aspart insulin c. Regular insulin d. NPH insulin

b, c, d, a

A patient has been taking the corticosteroid dexamethasone (Decadron) but has developed bacterial conjunctivitis and has a prescription for gentamicin (Garamycin) ointment. The nurse notes that which interaction is possible if the two drugs are used together? a. Immunosuppression may make it more difficult to eliminate the eye infection. b. The infection may become systemic. c. The corticosteroid may cause overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. d. The gentamicin effects may become more potent.

a. Immunosuppression may make it more difficult to eliminate the eye infection.

A patient is undergoing abdominal surgery and has been anesthetized for 3 hours. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for this patient? a. Impaired gas exchange related to central nervous system depression produced by general anesthesia b. Anxiety related to the use of an anesthetic c. Decreased cardiac output related to systemic effects of local anesthesia d. Risk for injury related to increased sensorium from general anesthesia

a. Impaired gas exchange related to central nervous system depression produced by general anesthesia

The nurse is providing education to a patient with iron deficiency anemia who has been prescribed iron supplements. What will the nurse include in her teaching? a. Iron will cause the stools to darken in color. b. Limit foods high in fiber due to the risk for diarrhea. c. Take the iron with dairy products to enhance absorption. d. Increase the intake of vitamin E to enhance absorption.

a. Iron will cause the stools to darken in color.

The nurse is administering an otic preparation as part of treatment for a severe fungal ear infection. Why is pramoxine added to the otic medication? a. It is a local anesthetic that causes temporary relief of pain. b. It is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation. c. It is an emulsifying drug that works to soften the cerumen. d. It works synergistically to enhance the effect of the antifungal drug.

a. It is a local anesthetic that causes temporary relief of pain.

The student nurse is preparing for the first pharmacology exam. In planning for this exam, what is most important for the student nurse to remember about the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? a. It prevented the sale of drugs that had not been thoroughly tested before marketing. b. It prohibited the sale of drugs labeled with false therapeutic claims that could defraud the public. c. It gave the government the power to control the labeling content of medications. d. It helped standardize the quality of drugs and cosmetics.

a. It prevented the sale of drugs that had not been thoroughly tested before marketing.

Isotonic IV fluids are fluids with a total osmolality close to that of the ECF. Most IV fluids contain either dextrose or electrolytes in water. When would you infuse electrolyte-free water intravenously? a. Never, it rapidly enters red blood cells, causing them to rupture. b. When the patient is severely dehydrated c. When the patient is in an excess of an electrolyte, i.e. hypercalcemia d. When the patient is in a deficit of an electrolyte, i.e. hypocalcemia

a. Never, it rapidly enters red blood cells, causing them to rupture.

The nurse is reviewing the mechanism of action of cholinergic drugs. The undesired effects of cholinergic drugs come from the stimulation of which receptors? a. Nicotinic b. Ganglionic c. Muscarinic d. Cholinergic

a. Nicotinic

An 18-year-old basketball player fell and twisted his ankle during a game. The nurse will expect to administer which type of analgesic? a. Nonopioid analgesic, such as indomethacin (Indocin) b. Opium alkaloid, such as morphine sulfate c. Opioid antagonist, such as naloxone HCL (Narcan) d. Synthetic opioid, such as meperidine (Demerol)

a. Nonopioid analgesic, such as indomethacin (Indocin)

When evaluating a patient's use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), the nurse notes that the patient is unable to coordinate the activation of the inhaler with her breathing. What intervention is most appropriate at this time? a. Obtain an order for a spacer device. b. Notify the doctor that the patient is unable to use the MDI. c. Obtain an order for a peak flow meter. d. Ask the prescriber if the medication can be given orally.

a. Obtain an order for a spacer device.

In assessing a patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside, the nurse knows that which lab result can increase the toxicity of the drug? a. Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L b. Potassium level 4.9 mEq/L c. Sodium level 140 mEq/L d. Calcium level 10 mg/dL

a. Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L

The nurse is reviewing the classes of antidysrhythmic drugs. Amiodarone (Cordarone) is classified on the Vaughan Williams classification as a class III drug, which means it works by which mechanism of action? a. Prolonging action potential duration b. Blocking slow calcium channels c. Blocking sodium channels and affecting phase 0 d. Decreasing spontaneous depolarization and affecting phase 4

a. Prolonging action potential duration

When the nurse is administering topical nitroglycerin ointment, which technique is correct? a. Remove the old ointment before new ointment is applied. b. Apply the ointment on the skin on the forearm. c. Massage the ointment gently into the skin, and then cover the area with plastic wrap. d. Apply the ointment only in the case of a mild angina episode.

a. Remove the old ointment before new ointment is applied.

When diarrhea occurs in the pediatric patient, the nurse will advise the parents to seek emergency medical treatment for the patient if which symptoms occur? (Select all that apply.) A. Urination every 3 to 4 hours B. Malaise or lethargic C. Severe abdominal pain D. Firm or rigid abdomen E. Bloody diarrhea

b, c, d, e

You are caring for a patient with a subclavian catheter who is receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). In preparing a care plan for this patient, what nursing diagnosis will you give highest priority to? a. Risk for infection related to the presence of a subclavian catheter b. Risk for caregiver role strain related to the care of a subclavian catheter c. Risk for activity intolerance related to the presence of a subclavian catheter d. Risk for loneliness related to need for isolation related to the presence of a subclavian catheter

a. Risk for infection related to the presence of a subclavian catheter

A patient has been taking tolterodine (Detrol), but today her prescriber changed her to a newer drug, darifenacin (Enablex). What advantage does darifenacin have over the tolterodine? a. The incidence of dry mouth is much lower with darifenacin. b. It helps reduce urinary retention. c. It can be used in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma. d. The newer cholinergic-blocker drugs are more effective.

a. The incidence of dry mouth is much lower with darifenacin.

The client with chronic low back pain has been taking baclofen (Lioresal), a muscle relaxant. Which instruction should the nurse review with the client? a. The medication must be tapered off when discontinued. b. The client may consume no more than one glass of wine per day. c. The client should not take the medication before bedtime. d. The medication can cause gastric ulcer formation.

a. The medication must be tapered off when discontinued.

A patient has been taking phenobarbital for 2 weeks as part of his therapy for epilepsy. He tells the nurse that he feels tense and that "the least little thing" bothers him now. Which is the correct explanation for this problem? a. This drug causes deprivation of REM sleep and may cause the inability to deal with normal stress. b. This drug causes the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period to increase, resulting in nightmares and restlessness. c. The drug must be stopped immediately because of possible adverse effects. d. These are adverse effects that usually subside after a few weeks.

a. This drug causes deprivation of REM sleep and may cause the inability to deal with normal stress.

A patient who started taking orlistat (Xenical) 1 month ago calls the clinic to report some "embarrassing" adverse effects. She tells the nurse that she has had episodes of "not being able to control my bowel movements." Which statement is true about this situation? a. The patient will need to restrict fat intake to less than 30% to help reduce these adverse effects. b. These are expected adverse effects that will eventually diminish. c. The patient will need to stop this drug immediately if these adverse effects are occurring. d. The patient will need to increase her fat intake to prevent these adverse effects.

a. The patient will need to restrict fat intake to less than 30% to help reduce these adverse effects.

A 16-year-old boy who is taking somatropin comes into the office because he had an asthma attack during a race at school. Because of this new development, the nurse expects which intervention to occur next? a. The somatropin dosage may be adjusted. b. His growth will be documented and monitored for changes. c. He will need to stop participating in school physical education classes. d. The somatropin must be discontinued immediately.

a. The somatropin dosage may be adjusted.

A patient is started on a diuretic for antihypertensive therapy. The nurse expects that a drug in which class is likely to be used initially? a. Thiazide diuretics b. Potassium-sparing diuretics c. Osmotic diuretics d. Loop diuretics

a. Thiazide diuretics

The nurse is monitoring drug levels for a patient who is receiving theophylline. The most recent theophylline level was 13 mcg/mL, and the nurse evaluates this level to be a. at a therapeutic level. b. below the therapeutic level. c. above the therapeutic level. d. at a toxic level.

a. at a therapeutic level.

Highly protein-bound drugs a. increase the risk of drug-drug interactions. b. typically provide a short duration of action. c. must be administered with 8 ounces of water. d. have a decreased effect in patients with a low albumin level.

a. increase the risk of drug-drug interactions.

The nurse is reviewing a patient's medication list and notes that sitagliptin (Januvia) is ordered. The nurse will question an additional order for which drug or drug class? a. insulin b. glitazone c. sulfonylurea d. metformin (Glucophage)

a. insulin

The nurse is reviewing the dosage schedule for several different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Which antiepileptic drug allows for once-a-day dosing? a. phenobarbital b. valproic acid (Depakote) c. gabapentin (Neurontin) d. levetiracetam (Keppra)

a. phenobarbital

Which are mechanisms of action of biologic response-modifying drugs? (Select all that apply.) A. Interruption of the cell lifecycle at the genetic level to interfere with growth of the cancer cell B. Direct toxic effect on tumor cells, causing them to rupture C. Adverse modification of a tumor's biology, making it harder for the tumor cells to survive and reproduce D. Enhancement or restoration of the host's immune system defenses against a tumor

b, c, d

The nurse is providing education to a group of patients interested in complementary medicine. The nurse will include which teaching point as priority education for the group? a "Understand the use of any herb before taking it." b "Confirm with your health care provider that any herbs you take will not interact with prescribed medications." c "Read the directions and labels of all herbs before taking." d "Stop taking any herb if you note any adverse effects."

b "Confirm with your health care provider that any herbs you take will not interact with prescribed medications."

Midazolam (Versed) has been ordered for a patient to be administered by injection 30 minutes prior to a colonoscopy. The nurse informs the patient that one of the most common side effects of this medication is which effect? a Decreased heart rate b Amnesia c Constipation d Dry mouth

b Amnesia

A nurse would monitor older adults who are prescribed a benzodiazepine for treatment of insomnia for which potential side effect? a Hallucinations b Ataxia c Alertness d Dyspnea

b Ataxia

A patient admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia asks the nurse why she is receiving codeine when she does not have any pain. The nurse's response is based on knowledge that codeine also has what effect? a Stimulation of the immune system b Cough suppressant c Expectorant d Bronchodilation

b Cough suppressant

When administering ophthalmic eyedrops, the nurse will perform which action? a Place the eyedrops directly on the cornea. b Drop the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctival sac. c Hold the eyedropper 4 to 5 cm above the eye to avoid contamination. d Document that a smaller dose was absorbed if the patient blinks during administration.

b Drop the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctival sac.

The physiologic changes that normally occur in the older adult have which implication for drug response in this patient? a Drug metabolism is faster. b Drug half-life is lengthened. c Drug elimination is faster. d Protein binding is more efficient.

b Drug half-life is lengthened.

Which action assists the nurse in prevention of a potential medication error? a Ask the patient what disease the medication is for before administering. b Encourage the patient to question medications if the medications are different than he or she expects. c Allow the patient to take home medications when desired. d Administer the patient's medications from his or her personal bottles while in the hospital.

b Encourage the patient to question medications if the medications are different than he or she expects.

The nurse obtains a medication history from a patient diagnosed with primary hypertension. A nursing diagnosis of "Deficient knowledge related to medication therapy" would be identified when the patient states that he or she takes which over-the-counter medication and/or supplement? a Garlic b Ginseng c Valerian root d St. John's wort

b Ginseng

To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route? a Subcutaneously b Intravenously c Intramuscularly d Intrathecally

b Intravenously

The patient's chart notes the administration of dantrolene (Dantrium) immediately postoperatively. What does the nurse expect the patient has experienced? a Delirium tremens b Malignant hyperthermia c Tonic-clonic seizure d Respiratory arrest

b Malignant hyperthermia

When teaching a patient about the legalities regarding a prescription for methylphenidate (Ritalin), which statement is most accurate? a Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-I narcotic that can only be prescribed according to an approved protocol. b Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-II narcotic that cannot be refilled and can only be filled with a written prescription. c Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-III narcotic for which a prescription will expire in 6 months. d Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-IV narcotic that is only allowed to be refilled five times per prescription.

b Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-II narcotic that cannot be refilled and can only be filled with a written prescription.

The nurse is preparing to administer an injection of morphine to a patient. Assessment notes a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min. Which action will the nurse perform? a Administer a smaller dose and record the findings. b Notify the physician and delay drug administration. c Administer the prescribed dose and notify the physician. d Hold the drug, record the assessment, and recheck in 1 hour.

b Notify the physician and delay drug administration.

The nurse is assessing a patient's culture and race on admission to the hospital. Which concept is important for the nurse to understand regarding drug therapy as it relates to different races of individuals? a Polypharmacy b Polymorphism c Pharmacokinetics d Pharmacodynamics

b Polymorphism

Which postoperative nursing action will help the patient recover from the effects of anesthesia? a Ambulating once a day b Turning, coughing, and deep breathing every 2 hours c Forcing fluids to 400 mL per shift d Administering loperamide (Imodium) as needed

b Turning, coughing, and deep breathing every 2 hours

The nurse will check how many patient identifiers, required by The Joint Commission's standards, prior to administering a medication to a patient? a One b Two c Three d Four

b Two

When administering a sublingual medication, which action will the nurse perform? a Ask the patient to chew the medication so that it will absorb faster. b Wear gloves to place the tablet under the patient's tongue. c Instruct the patient to drink room temperature water to enhance dissolution. d Have the patient swallow several times while the tablet dissolves.

b Wear gloves to place the tablet under the patient's tongue.

While admitting a patient for treatment of an acetaminophen overdose, the nurse prepares to administer which medication to prevent toxicity? a naloxone (Narcan) b acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) c methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) d vitamin K

b acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A patient is admitted to the emergency department after taking an overdose of a barbiturate 15 minutes prior to arrival. The nurse can anticipate that which drug will be prescribed? a naloxone (Narcan) b activated charcoal c flumazenil (Romazicon) d ipecac syrup

b activated charcoal

When administering a medication subcutaneously, the nurse will a use a 1- to 1½-inch, 25-gauge needle. b insert the needle at a 45- or 90-degree angle, depending on patient size, to penetrate subcutaneous tissue. c aspirate with heparin and insulin injections. d use the landmark between the greater trochanter and superior iliac crest for the vastus lateralis site.

b insert the needle at a 45- or 90-degree angle, depending on patient size, to penetrate subcutaneous tissue.

Massage therapy is ordered as adjunct treatment for a patient with musculoskeletal pain. The patient asks the nurse how "rubbing my muscles" will help the pain go away. The nurse responds based on the knowledge that a massaging muscles decreases the inflammatory response that initiates the painful stimuli. b massaging muscles activates large sensory nerve fibers that send signals to the spinal cord to close the gate, thus blocking painful stimuli from reaching the brain. c massaging muscles activates small sensory nerve fibers that send signals to the spinal cord to open the gate and allow endorphins to reach the muscles and relieve the pain. d massaging muscles helps relax the contracted fibers and decrease painful stimuli.

b massaging muscles activates large sensory nerve fibers that send signals to the spinal cord to close the gate, thus blocking painful stimuli from reaching the brain.

A patient is admitted to the psychiatric unit for treatment of narcotic addiction. The nurse would anticipate administration of which medication? a morphine b methadone c meperidine d naloxone

b methadone

A mechanically ventilated patient receiving a neuromuscular-blocking drug has tearing in the eyes and increased heart rate and blood pressure. The nurse interprets that the a patient is having an adverse reaction to the medication. b patient's level of sedation is inadequate. c patient's dose of the neuromuscular-blocking drug is insufficient. d patient's response to the drug is appropriate.

b patient's level of sedation is inadequate.

The nurse is educating a patient about medications used to treat erectile dysfunction. Which erectile dysfunction medications have the longest therapeutic effect when taken orally? (Select all that apply.) A. sildenafil (Viagra) B. vardenafil (Levitra) C. tadalafil (Cialis) D. alprostadil (Caverject)

b, c

Which actions will the nurse perform to ensure the medication dose for a pediatric patient is correct? (Select all that apply.) a. Use the patient's weight in pounds. b. Use a current drug reference to determine usual dosage per 24 hours. c. Determine the dose parameters by multiplying the weight by the minimum and maximum daily doses of the drug (the safe range). d. Determine the total amount of the drug to administer per dose and per day. e. Compare the drug dosage prescribed with the calculated safe range. f. If the drug dosage prescribed varies from recommended reference range, notify the provider.

b, c, d, e, f

A client who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis has been placed on drug therapy. The medication regimen includes rifampin (Rifadin). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan related to the potential adverse effects of rifampin? Select all that apply. a. Having eye examinations every 6 months b. Maintaining follow-up monitoring of liver enzymes c. Avoiding alcohol intake d. Decreasing protein intake in the diet e. The urine may have an orange color

b, c, e

When assessing a patient who is receiving a loop diuretic, the nurse looks for the manifestations of potassium deficiency, which would include what symptoms? (Select all that apply.) a. Dyspnea b. Muscle weakness c. Lethargy d. Tinnitus e. Anorexia f. Constipation

b, c, e

The nurse knows that the medication reconciliation process involves which three steps? (Select all that apply.) a. Reporting b. Reconciliation c. Verification d. Administration e. Clarification

b, c, e,

A patient tells the nurse that she wants to start taking the herbal product goldenseal to improve her health. The nurse will assess for which potential cautions or contraindications to goldenseal? (Select all that apply.) a. Sinus infections b. Taking a proton-pump inhibitor c. Nasal congestion d. Pregnancy e. Hypertension f. Hypothyroidism

b, d, e

The nurse is discussing vitamins with a group of women at a community center. The nurse is discussing water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. Which vitamins are fat-soluble vitamins? Select all that apply. a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin D c. Folic Acid d. Vitamin A e. Vitamin E

b, d, e

The nurse is reviewing medications for the treatment of asthma. Which drugs are used for acute asthma attacks? (Select all that apply.) a. fluticasone (Flovent) Rotadisk inhaler b. aminophylline IV infusion c. salmeterol (Serevent) inhaler d. albuterol (Proventil) nebulizer solution e. epinephrine f. montelukast (Singulair)

b, d, e

A patient is on a chemotherapy regimen in an outpatient clinic and is receiving a chemotherapy drug that is known to be highly emetogenic. The nurse will implement which interventions regarding the pharmacologic management of nausea and vomiting? (Select all that apply.) a. Observing carefully for the adverse effects of restlessness and anxiety b. Instructing the patient that the antinausea drugs may cause extreme drowsiness c. Giving antinausea drugs at the beginning of the chemotherapy infusion d. Instructing the patient to rise slowly from a sitting or lying position because of possible orthostatic hypotension e. For best therapeutic effects, medicating for nausea once the symptoms begin f. Administering antinausea drugs 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy is started

b, d, f

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) has been prescribed for a patient with hypothyroidism. The nurse provides information to the patient about the medication and tells the patient to contact the prescriber if which potential adverse effect occurs? (Select all that apply.) a. Constipation b. Chest pains c. Drowsiness d. Fatigue e. Rapid heart rate f. Palpitations

b, e, f

The nurse is teaching a group of patients about management of diabetes. Which statement about basal dosing is correct? a. "With basal dosing, you can eat what you want and then give yourself a dose of insulin." b. "Basal dosing delivers a constant dose of insulin." c. "Basal-bolus dosing is the traditional method of managing blood glucose levels." d. "Glargine insulin is given as a bolus with meals."

b. "Basal dosing delivers a constant dose of insulin."

A patient with motion sickness is planning a cross-country car trip and has a new prescription for a scopolamine transdermal patch mc013-1.jpgThe nurse provides teaching for the use of this patch medication. The patient shows a correct understanding of the teaching with which statement? a. "I will change the patch every other day." b. "I will change the patch every 3 days." c. "I will remove the patch only if it stops working." d. "I will change the patch every day."

b. "I will change the patch every 3 days."

The nurse has given medication instructions to a patient receiving phenytoin (Dilantin). Which statement by the patient indicates that the patient has an adequate understanding? a. "I will be able to stop taking this drug once the seizures stop." b. "I will need to take extra care of my teeth and gums while on this medication." c. "I can skip doses if the side effects bother me." d. "I can go out for a beer while on this medication."

b. "I will need to take extra care of my teeth and gums while on this medication."

A 19-year-old student was diagnosed with hypothyroidism and has started thyroid replacement therapy with levothyroxine (Synthroid). After 1 week, she called the clinic to report that she does not feel better. Which response from the nurse is correct? a. "Is it possible that you did not take your medication as instructed?" b. "The full therapeutic effects may not occur for 3 to 4 weeks." c. "It will probably require surgery for a cure to happen." d. "Let's review your diet; it may be causing absorption problems."

b. "The full therapeutic effects may not occur for 3 to 4 weeks."

A patient has been taking digoxin at home but took an accidental overdose and has developed toxicity. The patient has been admitted to the telemetry unit, where the physician has ordered digoxin immune Fab (Digifab). The patient asks the nurse why the medication is ordered. What is the nurse's best response? a. "It helps to convert the irregular heart rhythm to a more normal rhythm." b. "This drug is an antidote to digoxin and will help to lower the blood levels." c. "It will increase your heart rate." d. "This drug helps to lower your potassium levels."

b. "This drug is an antidote to digoxin and will help to lower the blood levels."

After receiving a nebulizer treatment with a beta agonist, the patient complains of feeling slightly nervous and wonders if her asthma is getting worse. What is the nurse's best response? a. "We will hold the treatment for 24 hours." b. "This is an expected adverse effect. Let me take your pulse." c. "The next scheduled nebulizer treatment will be skipped." d. "I will notify the physician about this adverse effect."

b. "This is an expected adverse effect. Let me take your pulse."

The female client having her annual physical exam tells the clinic nurse, "I take vitamins daily but I have not had the money to buy any for the past week." Which response is most appropriate for the nurse? a. "As long as you eat a balanced diet, you do not need to take vitamins." b. "This should not hurt you because vitamin deficiencies do not occur for some time." c. "Daily vitamins are necessary, so please get them as soon as possible." d. "I will have the physician give you a prescription for some vitamins."

b. "This should not hurt you because vitamin deficiencies do not occur for some time."

A female patient will be starting therapy with oral isotretinoin (Amnesteem) as part of treatment for severe acne, and the nurse is providing teaching. Which teaching point will the nurse include in her teaching plan about isotretinoin? a. "You will have to avoid pregnancy for 2 weeks after taking this drug." b. "You will have to use two contraceptive methods while on this drug." c. "You must avoid sexual activity while on this drug." d. "If you are taking an oral contraceptive, you may take this drug."

b. "You will have to use two contraceptive methods while on this drug."

The nurse recognizes that use of estrogen drugs is contraindicated in which patient? a. A patient who has atrophic vaginitis b. A woman with a history of thrombophlebitis c. A patient who has inoperable prostate cancer d. A woman who has just given birth and wants to prevent postpartum lactation

b. A woman with a history of thrombophlebitis

When administering an oral medication to a client, the nurse should: a. Administer the medication with grapefruit juice b. Assess the patient's ability to swallow c. Crush enteric coated medications if the patient has difficulty swallowing them whole d. Avoid giving the medication to a patient with a nasogastric tube

b. Assess the patient's ability to swallow

A patient arrives in the emergency department with severe chest pain. The patient reports that the pain has been occurring off and on for a week now. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for cautious use of nitrates and nitrites? a. Apical pulse rate of 110 beats/min b. Blood pressure of 88/62 mm Hg c. History of a myocardial infarction 2 years ago d. History of renal disease

b. Blood pressure of 88/62 mm Hg

An understanding of the pathophysiologic rationale behind shock is something every nurse needs to have. Which of the following statements best describes the pathophysiology for shock? a. Blood is shunted from vital organs to peripheral areas of the body. b. Cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients. c. Circulating blood volume is decreased. d. Hemorrhage occurs as a result of trauma.

b. Cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients.

The nurse is administering medications to clients on a urology floor. Which medication should the nurse question? a. Trimethoprim sulfa (Bactrim), a sulfa antibiotic, to a client post-prostate surgery b. Cephalexin (Keflex), a cephalosporing, to a client who is allergic to penicillin c. Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin), a sulfa antibiotic, to a client with urinary stasis d. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a third-generation cephalosporin, to a client who is pregnant

b. Cephalexin (Keflex), a cephalosporing, to a client who is allergic to penicillin

Abatacept (Orencia) is prescribed for a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse checks the patient's medical history, knowing that this medication would need to be used cautiously if which condition is present? a. Hypertension b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c. Diabetes mellitus d. Coronary artery disease

b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The nurse notes in a patient's medication history that the patient has been taking desmopressin (DDAVP). Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Diabetes insipidus c. Adrenocortical insufficiency d. Carcinoid tumor

b. Diabetes insipidus

The nurse caring for a patient post colon resection is assessing the patient on the first postoperative day. The nasogastric tube (NG) remains patent and continues at low intermittent wall suction. The IV is patent and infusing at 125 mL per hour. The patient reports pain at the incision site rated at a three on a zero-to-ten rating scale. During your initial shift assessment, the patient complains of cramps in her legs and a tingling sensation in her feet. Your assessment indicates decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs). You suspect the patient has hypokalemia. What other signs or symptoms would you expect this patient to exhibit? a. Increased bowel motility b. Dilute urine c. Increased muscle strength d. Excessive thirst

b. Dilute urine

The client receives nystatin (Nilstat) for a fungal infection in the mouth. The nurse plans to do medication education prior to discharge. What will the best plan of the nurse include? a. Swallow the oral tablet whole without chewing or crushing it. b. Dissolve the oral tablet in your mouth and then swallow it. c. Take the oral suspension with a straw to prevent tooth discoloration. d. Crush the oral tablet, mix it with orange juice, and then swallow it

b. Dissolve the oral tablet in your mouth and then swallow it.

What will the nurse do immediately after giving a PRN pain medication? a. Ask if the patient's pain has been relieved b. Document that the medication has been administered c. Recheck the patient's vital signs d. Notify the prescriber

b. Document that the medication has been administered

The nurse is preparing to give an earwax emulsifier to a patient and will assess the patient for which contraindication before administering the drops? a. Partial deafness in the affected ear b. Drainage from the ear canal c. Allergy to penicillin d. Excessive earwax in the outer ear canal

b. Drainage from the ear canal

The client with inflammatory bowel diease is prescribed sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), a sulfonamide antibiotic. Which intervention should the nurse implement when administering this medication? a. Administer the medication once a day with breakfast b. Ensure the client drinks at least 2000 mL of water daily c. Assess the client's stool for steatorrhea and mucus. d. Explain that the medication may cause slight bruising

b. Ensure the client drinks at least 2000 mL of water daily

A patient is taking guaifenesin (Humibid) as part of treatment for a sinus infection. Which instruction will the nurse include during patient teaching? a. Report clear-colored sputum to the prescriber. b. Force fluids to help loosen and liquefy secretions. c. Avoid driving a car or operating heavy machinery because of the sedating effects. d. Report symptoms that last longer than 2 days.

b. Force fluids to help loosen and liquefy secretions.

A patient is admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of bleeding esophageal varices. The patient has a comorbidity of cirrhosis. An attempt to stop the bleeding has been only partially successful. What would the critical care nurse expect to have ordered for this patient? a. Vitamin K b. Fresh frozen plasma c. Heparin drip d. Oral anticoagulants

b. Fresh frozen plasma

A 79-year-old patient is taking a diuretic for treatment of hypertension. This patient is very independent and wants to continue to live at home. The nurse will know that which teaching point is important for this patient? a. He should take the diuretic with his evening meal. b. He needs to take extra precautions when standing up because of possible orthostatic hypotension and resulting injury from falls. c. He should skip the diuretic dose if he plans to leave the house. d. If he feels dizzy while on this medication, he needs to stop taking it and take potassium supplements instead.

b. He needs to take extra precautions when standing up because of possible orthostatic hypotension and resulting injury from falls.

A patient who has been taking cimetidine (Tagamet) for hyperacidity calls the clinic to say that the medication has not been effective. The nurse reviews his history and notes that which factor may be influencing the effectiveness of this drug? a. He drinks a glass of water with each dose. b. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. c. He takes an antacid 3 hours after the cimetidine dose. d. He takes the cimetidine with meals.

b. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day.

A 38-year-old man has come into the urgent care center with severe hip pain after falling from a ladder at work. He says he has taken several pain pills over the past few hours but cannot remember how many he has taken. He hands the nurse an empty bottle of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The nurse is aware that the most serious toxic effect of acute acetaminophen overdose is which condition? a. Tachycardia b. Hepatic necrosis c. Central nervous system depression d. Nephropathy

b. Hepatic necrosis

The nurse is administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to a client who underwent surgery for gastric cancer. What is a major complication of TPN? a. Extreme hunger b. Hyperglycemia c. Hypotension d. Hypoglycemia

b. Hyperglycemia

You are the nurse caring for a 65-year-old female patient who is in renal failure. During your shift assessment, the patient complains of tingling in her lips and fingers whenever anyone takes her blood pressure. She tells you that she gets a spasm in her wrist and hand and that it is very painful. What would you suspect? a. Hypophosphatemia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hypermagnesemia d. Hyperkalemia

b. Hypocalcemia

An elderly patient will be taking a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of most concern for the older adult patient taking this class of drug? a. Restlessness b. Hypotension c. Constipation d. Dry mouth

b. Hypotension

A patient has been diagnosed with angina and will be given a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. When teaching the patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, the nurse will include which instruction? a. Take up to five doses at 15-minute intervals for an angina attack. b. If the chest pain is not relieved after one tablet, call 911 immediately. c. Wait 1 minute between doses of sublingual tablets, up to three doses. d. If the tablet does not dissolve quickly, chew the tablet for maximal effect.

b. If the chest pain is not relieved after one tablet, call 911 immediately.

During a fishing trip, a patient pierced his finger with a large fishhook. He is now in the emergency department to have it removed. The nurse anticipates that which type of anesthesia will be used for this procedure? a. Topical benzocaine spray on the area b. Infiltration of the puncture wound with lidocaine c. Topical prilocaine (EMLA) cream around the site d. No anesthesia

b. Infiltration of the puncture wound with lidocaine

You are caring for a patient in liver failure who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock. You anticipate that the physician will order the administration of a crystalloid for the management of this patient. Which crystalloid fluid is most commonly used to treat hypovolemic shock? a. Albumin b. Lactated Ringer's c. 3% NaCl d. Dextran

b. Lactated Ringer's

You are caring for a patient who is on thrombolytic therapy. The patient has a comorbidity of renal insufficiency. What do you know about the amount of heparin required to treat this patient? a. You do not need to use an infusion pump for this patient. b. Lower doses are required. c. You cannot use heparin to treat this patient. d. Higher doses are required.

b. Lower doses are required.

You are caring for a patient with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. The patient was admitted from a homeless shelter and is a poor historian. The patient appears malnourished and TPN has been started. Why would you know to start the TPN slowly? a. Patients receiving TPN are at risk for hypercalcemia if calories are started too rapidly. b. Malnourished patients receiving parenteral nutrition are at risk for hypophosphatemia if calories are started too aggressively. c. Malnourished patients who receive fluids too rapidly are at risk for hypernatremia. d. Patients receiving TPN are at risk for hypochloremia if fluids are introduced too rapidly.

b. Malnourished patients receiving parenteral nutrition are at risk for hypophosphatemia if calories are started too aggressively.

A nurse in the medical ICU has orders to infuse a hypertonic solution into her patient with low blood pressure. This solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the patient's blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. Which term or terms is/are associated with this process? a. Hydrostatic pressure b. Osmosis and osmolality c. Diffusion d. Active transport

b. Osmosis and osmolality

The nurse is preparing to administer a new order for eardrops. Which is a potential contraindication to the use of many otic preparations? a. Ear canal itching b. Perforated eardrum c. Staphylococcus aureus otitis externa infection d. Escherichia coli ear infection

b. Perforated eardrum

A woman visits a health center requesting oral contraceptives. Which laboratory test is most important for the nurse to assess before the patient begins oral contraceptive therapy? a. Vaginal cultures b. Pregnancy test c. Serum potassium level d. Complete blood count

b. Pregnancy test

A patient has an order for the monoclonal antibody adalimumab (Humira). The nurse notes that the patient does not have a history of cancer. What is another possible reason for administering this drug? a. Osteoporosis b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Thrombocytopenia d. Severe anemia

b. Rheumatoid arthritis

When caring for the client who is receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, the nurse should monitor which of the following laboratory values? a. Serum calcium b. Serum creatinine c. Serum potassium d. Serum sodium

b. Serum creatinine

The nurse caring for a patient receiving a transfusion notes that 15 minutes after the infusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs) has begun, the patient is having difficulty breathing and chest tightness. What is the most appropriate initial action for the nurse to take? a. Assess the patient's chest sounds and vital signs. b. Stop the transfusion immediately. c. Remove the patient's intravenous access. d. Notify the patient's physician.

b. Stop the transfusion immediately.

A patient reports having adverse effects with nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse can suggest performing which action to minimize these undesirable effects? a. Take the drug with large amounts of fiber. b. Take an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking the drug. c. Take the drug on an empty stomach. d. Take the medication every other day until the effects subside.

b. Take an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking the drug.

The nurse is administrating eardrops that have been refrigerated. Which action by the nurse is correct before administering the drops? a. Heat the chilled solution for 10 seconds in the microwave. b. Take the drops out of the refrigerator 1 hour before the dose is due. c. Leave the drops in the refrigerator until use. d. Soak the bottle for 60 seconds in a container of very hot water.

b. Take the drops out of the refrigerator 1 hour before the dose is due.

A patient has been instructed to take one enteric-coated low-dose aspirin a day as part of therapy to prevent strokes. The nurse will provide which instruction when providing patient teaching about this medication? a. Low-dose aspirin therapy rarely causes problems with bleeding. b. Take the medication with 6 to 8 ounces of water and food. c. Coated tablets may be crushed if necessary for easier swallowing. d. Aspirin needs to be taken on an empty stomach to ensure maximal absorption.

b. Take the medication with 6 to 8 ounces of water and food.

The client receives infliximab (Remicade), an immunosuppressant medication. What is important for the nurse to teach the client about this medication? a. The client should drink plenty of fluids b. The client should avoid crowds c. The client should get adequate exercise d. The client should eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.

b. The client should avoid crowds

A nurse is caring for a client who is beginning a new prescription for etanercept (Enbrel) for rheumatoid arthritis. Based on the route of administration of etanercept, which of the following should the nurse plan to monitor? a. The client's skin for irritation following removal of transdermal patch. b. The client's subcutaneous site for redness following injection. c. The client's vein for thrombophlebitis during IV administration. d. The client's oral mucosa for ulceration after oral administration.

b. The client's subcutaneous site for redness following injection.

A patient is receiving dopamine, a vasoactive drug used for shock, to increase her stroke volume. What should the nurse be aware of when monitoring a vasoactive drug? a. The drug should be discontinued immediately after blood pressure increases. b. The drug dose should be weaned down prior to discontinuing. c. The drug may cause respiratory alkalosis. d. The drug reduces oxygen demands of the heart.

b. The drug dose should be weaned down prior to discontinuing.

A 6-year-old boy has been started on an extended-release form of methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). During a follow-up visit, his mother tells the nurse that she has been giving the medication at bedtime so that it will be "in his system" when he goes to school the next morning. What is the nurse's appropriate evaluation of the mother's actions? a. The medication should be taken with meals for optimal absorption. b. The medication should be given 4 to 6 hours before bedtime to diminish insomnia. c. She is giving him the medication dosage appropriately. d. The medication should not be taken until he is at school.

b. The medication should be given 4 to 6 hours before bedtime to diminish insomnia.

What is the action of bactericidal drugs? a. They have a high potency. b. They will kill the bacteria. c. They disrupt normal cell function. d. They will slow the slow growth of the bacteria.

b. They will kill the bacteria.

The nurse should check a medication how many times before administration of a medication under the "right drug" part of the Six Rights? a. One time b. Three times c. Five times d. Depends on the drug being administered

b. Three times

Which of the following is an antibiotic responsible for causing red-man syndrome as an adverse effect? a. Erythromycin (E-mycin) b. Vancomycin (Vancocin) c. Tetracycline (Sumycin) d. Cefotaxime (Claforan)

b. Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Pharmacokinetics involves the study of a. physiologic interactions of drugs. b. distribution rates among various body compartments. c. interactions between various drugs. d. adverse reactions to medications.

b. distribution rates among various body compartments.

A patient is in the intensive care unit because of an acute myocardial infarction. He is experiencing severe ventricular dysrhythmias. The nurse will prepare to give which drug of choice for this dysrhythmia? a. adenosine (Adenocard) b. amiodarone (Cordarone) c. verapamil (Calan) d. diltiazem (Cardizem)

b. amiodarone (Cordarone)

A patient who has AIDS has lost weight and is easily fatigued because of his malnourished state. The nurse anticipates an order for which antinausea drug to stimulate his appetite? a. metoclopramide (Reglan), a prokinetic drug b. dronabinol (Marinol), a tetrahydrocannabinoid c. ondansetron (Zofran), a serotonin blocker d. aprepitant (Emend), a substance P/NK1 receptor antagonist

b. dronabinol (Marinol), a tetrahydrocannabinoid

A 62-year-old client is receiving treatment for myasthenia gravis with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The nurse is assessing the client. What clinical manifestations would be noted to determine if the medication is working? a. increased salivation b. maintenance of muscle strenght c. miosis d. experiencing the side effect of GI upset

b. maintenance of muscle strenght

A patient is about to undergo a diagnostic bowel procedure. The nurse expects which drug to be used to induce total cleansing of the bowel? a. docusate sodium (Colace) b. polyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY) c. magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) d. mineral oil

b. polyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY)

During patient teaching, the nurse explains the difference between a sedative and hypnotic with which statement? a "Sedatives are much stronger than hypnotic drugs and should only be used for short periods of time." b "Sedative drugs induce sleep, whereas hypnotic drugs induce a state of hypnosis." c "Most drugs produce sedation at low doses and sleep, the hypnotic effect, at higher doses." d "There really is no difference; the terms are used interchangeably."

c "Most drugs produce sedation at low doses and sleep, the hypnotic effect, at higher doses."

A patient expresses fear of nausea and vomiting postoperatively from the anesthesia. Which is the nurse's best response? a "I understand your concern; that is one of the pitfalls of surgery." b "Don't worry, because you'll be heavily sedated if that occurs." c "Nausea and vomiting occur much less frequently than in the past related to the use of a balanced approach to anesthesia." d "You will need to speak to both the surgeon and the anesthesiologist in order to identify possible allergies to drugs that may be causing this side effect."

c "Nausea and vomiting occur much less frequently than in the past related to the use of a balanced approach to anesthesia."

A patient questions the use of epinephrine for repair of a laceration, stating, "I thought that was the drug they use in the emergency room for patients who are coding." Which is the nurse's best response? a "Epinephrine is used with lidocaine to prevent side effects." b "The systemic absorption of lidocaine is maximized by the epinephrine, and the anesthetic effect is reached more quickly." c "Vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine enhances the duration of action for lidocaine and minimizes bleeding at the laceration site." d "Epinephrine is metabolized more quickly than lidocaine so that the anesthetic effect wears off more quickly once the laceration is sutured."

c "Vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine enhances the duration of action for lidocaine and minimizes bleeding at the laceration site."

The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular medication using an airlock to prevent leakage of the medication into the subcutaneous space. Which amount of air should the nurse withdraw for the air lock? a 0.05 mL b 0.1 mL c 0.2 mL d 0.3 mL

c 0.2 mL

New drugs must go through extensive research and testing before approval for use in humans. The nurse is providing education to a patient on a new medication and will inform the patient that the average length of time a medication is researched before being prescribed for humans is a 2 to 4 years. b 6 to 8 years. c 10 to 12 years. d 14 to 16 years.

c 10 to 12 years.

A patient has been admitted after overdosing on acetaminophen (Tylenol), with a total ingested dose of 14 g over a period of 1 hour. The nurse plans to monitor this patient for development of which of the following signs and symptoms related to the overdose? a Renal failure b Kidney stones c Acute hepatic necrosis d Metabolic alkalosis

c Acute hepatic necrosis

While taking a patient's history prior to surgery for a cardiac problem, the patient informs the nurse he is addicted to cocaine. The nurse alerts the anesthesiologist of the finding because the nurse knows the use of cocaine can cause which effect when a patient is under anesthesia? a Immediate withdrawal symptoms b Blood-clotting problems c Anesthetic-induced complications d Complications during recovery

c Anesthetic-induced complications

A patient provides a list of her current medications to the nurse. The patient tells the nurse that she takes medications prescribed by her physician as well as herbs from the local health food store. Based on this information, the patient uses which type of medicine? a Western medicine b Eastern medicine c Complementary medicine d Traditional medicine

c Complementary medicine

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate when crushing oral medications to administer to a patient with dysphagia? a Only crush enteric-coated medication. b Mix medications together for ease of administration. c Crush and administer each medication separately. d Open sustained-release capsules prior to crushing.

c Crush and administer each medication separately.

The nurse working in a prenatal clinic recognizes that the safety or potential harm of drug therapy during pregnancy relates to which factor? a Maternal blood type b Fetal sex c Drug properties d Diet of the mother

c Drug properties

The nurse teaches a patient prescribed the fentanyl (Duragesic) transdermal delivery system to change the patch at what interval? a When pain recurs b Every 24 hours c Every 72 hours d Once a week

c Every 72 hours

In which position is it most appropriate to place a patient when administering medications via a nasogastric tube? a Left side b Supine c Fowler's position d Trendelenburg position

c Fowler's position

When planning care for an assigned patient, the nurse identifies the outcome of "Patient will be able to safely self-administer enoxaparin (Lovenox) subcutaneously upon discharge." Which method best evaluates the patient's achievement of this outcome? a Have the patient verbalize the correct procedure step by step. b Visually demonstrate the correct procedure to the patient. c Have the patient perform a return demonstration of the procedure. d Give the patient detailed written instructions illustrating the procedure.

c Have the patient perform a return demonstration of the procedure.

In developing a plan of care for a patient receiving morphine sulfate, which nursing diagnosis is a priority? a Acute pain b Risk for injury related to central nervous system side effects c Impaired gas exchange related to respiratory depression d Constipation related to gastrointestinal side effects

c Impaired gas exchange related to respiratory depression

Immediate postoperative assessment of a patient reveals a body temperature of 102° F. Which action will the nurse perform? a Administer acetaminophen as ordered and recheck in 1 hour. b Apply a cooling blanket per protocol. c Notify the physician. d Assess for signs and symptoms of infection related to the surgical wound.

c Notify the physician.

Nurses working in the general population are required to have a basic understanding of the role of the nurse in genetics. Which is an appropriate role for a general nurse related to genetics? a Provide genetic testing options b Suggest genetic counseling c Obtain a family history d Develop a genetic testing policy

c Obtain a family history

The nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. When the nurse has the patient demonstrate how to perform self-injections of insulin, which domain of learning is the nurse assessing? a Cognitive domain b Affective domain c Psychomotor domain d Physical domain

c Psychomotor domain

Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient who has received a sedative-hypnotic drug? a Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion b Fluid volume excess c Risk for injury d Risk for infection

c Risk for injury

What is the ratio between a drug's therapeutic effects and toxic effects called? a Tolerance b Cumulative effect c Therapeutic index d Affinity

c Therapeutic index

The nurse will use a Z-track technique when giving an intramuscular injection in which situation? a When there is insufficient muscle mass in the landmarked area b When massaging the area after medication administration is contraindicated c With medications that are known to be irritating, painful, and/or staining to tissues d With any injection that is given into the ventrogluteal muscle

c With medications that are known to be irritating, painful, and/or staining to tissues

The nurse plans pharmacologic therapy for a patient with pain based on the knowledge that a narcotic analgesics should not be used for more than 24 hours secondary to the risk of addiction. b analgesics should be administered as needed (prn) to minimize side effects. c pain relief is best obtained by administering analgesics around the clock. d patients should request analgesics when the pain level reaches a "6" on a scale of 1 to 10.

c pain relief is best obtained by administering analgesics around the clock.

An intubated, mechanically ventilated patient in the intensive care unit is becoming increasingly restless and anxious. The nurse expects to administer which intravenous anesthetic drug? a isoflurane (Forane) b nitrous oxide c propofol (Diprivan) d halothane (Fluothane)

c propofol (Diprivan)

In monitoring a patient for adverse effects related to morphine sulfate, the nurse assesses for stimulation of a autonomic control over circulation. b the cough reflex center. c the chemoreceptor trigger zone. d respiratory rate.

c the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

When planning interventions aimed at reducing medication errors, the nurse recognizes that a only 10% of all preventable adverse drug reactions (ADRs) begin at the medication ordering (prescribing) stage. b disciplinary action is necessary to increase the nurse's vigilance in preventing medication errors. c the majority of medication errors result from weaknesses within the system rather than individual shortcomings. d the use of trailing zeros (i.e., 1.0 mg) and omission of leading zeros (i.e., .25 mg) reduces transcription errors.

c the majority of medication errors result from weaknesses within the system rather than individual shortcomings.

The nurse is admitting an 82-year-old patient for treatment of heart failure. During assessment of the patient's history, the nurse notes a subjective complaint of chronic constipation. Of the prescribed medications the patient was taking prior to admission, which would the nurse suspect might contribute to this gastrointestinal complaint? a naproxen (Aleve), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug b warfarin sodium (Coumadin), an anticoagulant c verapamil (Calan), a calcium channel-blocking drug d spironolactone (Aldactone), a potassium-sparing diuretic

c verapamil (Calan), a calcium channel-blocking drug

The nurse is discussing use of antihistamines for allergic rhinitis. Which medications would be included in the list of H1 antagonists used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis? (Select all that apply.) A. ranitidine (Zantac) B. nizatidine (Axid) C. fexofenadine (Allegra) D. loratadine (Claritin) E. cetirizine (Zyrtec)

c, d, e

A client is receiving monthly doses of chemotherapy for treatment of stage III colon cancer. The nurse should report which of the following laboratory results to the oncologist before the next dose of chemotherapy? SATA a. Hemoglobin of 14.5 g/dL b. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level of 12 mg/dL c. Temperature of 101.2 F d. Urine specific gravity of 1.020 e. White Blood Cell Count of 2,300/mm f. Platelet count of 40,000/mm

c, e, f

A patient is about to receive a dose of octreotide (Sandostatin). The nurse will assess for which contraindications or cautions? (Select all that apply.) a. Diarrhea b. Carcinoid crisis c. Gallbladder disease d. Esophageal varices e. Chronic renal failure f. Type 1 diabetes mellitus

c, e, f

A pituitary drug is prescribed for a patient with a hormone deficiency, and the nurse provides instructions about the medication. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further instruction? a. "I will have to stop drinking my nightly glass of wine." b. "I will call my doctor if I have a fever or sore throat." c. "I am looking forward to a cure for my condition with this hormone replacement." d. "I will not stop the drug unless my doctor tells me to stop it."

c. "I am looking forward to a cure for my condition with this hormone replacement."

The client is being treated for pinworms with mebendazole (Vermox). The nurse has completed medication education and evaluates that learning has occurred when the client makes which statement? a. "I must avoid aspirin while I am on this medication." b. "I need high-fiber foods to help with passage of the worms." c. "I may have cramping and expel worms for a few days after I finish the medication." d. "I need to have three negative stool cultures before I am cured."

c. "I may have cramping and expel worms for a few days after I finish the medication."

After teaching the client with severe rheumatoid arthritis about prescribed methotrexate (Rheumatrex), which of the following statements indicates the need for further teaching? a. "I will continue taking my birth control pills." b. "I must not drink any alcohol while I am on this drug." c. "I will take my vitamins while I am on this drug." d. "I should brush my teeth after every meal."

c. "I will take my vitamins while I am on this drug."

The nursing mother asks the nurse if it is all right to take St. John's wort for mild depression. What is the best response by the nurse? a. "No, it will affect the taste of your milk, and your baby might reject nursing." b. "No, it will probably cause your baby to have more allergies." c. "No, it could be excreted in your milk and affect the baby." d. "No, because it might decrease the amount of milk you produce."

c. "No, it could be excreted in your milk and affect the baby."

The client says to the nurse "My wife and I take the same drug, but we have different side effects. "Are we doing something wrong?" What is the best response by the nurse? a. "I'll have to check. What is the name of the drug you were using?" b. "Possibly. This could happen if one uses generic or brand name drugs." c. "No. Differences such as your sex can result in different side effects." d. "I'm not sure. Maybe the drug is not the same; you should check it."

c. "No. Differences such as your sex can result in different side effects."

When teaching a patient about taking a newly prescribed antiepileptic drug (AED) at home, the nurse will include which instruction? a. "Driving is allowed after 2 weeks of therapy." b. "If seizures recur, take a double dose of the medication." c. "Regular, consistent dosing is important for successful treatment." d. "Antacids can be taken with the AED to reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects."

c. "Regular, consistent dosing is important for successful treatment."

A patient is receiving ocular cyclosporine (Restasis) and also has an order for an artificial tears product. The nurse includes which instructions in the teaching plan for these medications? a. "First take the artificial tears, and then take the Restasis after 5 minutes." b. "These two eye drugs cannot be given together. Let's check with your prescriber." c. "Take the Restasis first, and then wait 15 minutes before taking the artificial tears." d. "You may take these two drugs together at the same time."

c. "Take the Restasis first, and then wait 15 minutes before taking the artificial tears."

A client with a urinary tract infection is to take nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) four times a day. The client asks the nurse, "What should I do if I forget a dose?" What should the nurse tell the client? a. "Double the amount prescribed with your next dose." b. "Take a lot of water with a double amount of your prescribed dose." c. "Take the prescribed dose as soon as you remember it, and if it is very close to the time for the next dose, delay that next dose." d. "You can wait and take the next dose when it is due."

c. "Take the prescribed dose as soon as you remember it, and if it is very close to the time for the next dose, delay that next dose."

The mother of a newborn African American infant asks the nursery nurse, "Why did you give my baby a vitamin K injection?" Which statement is the nurse's best response? a. "Vitamin K will help your infant's ability to fight off infection." b. "It will help protect your baby from getting sickle cell anemia." c. "Your baby's gut is sterile, and this will help the blood to clot." d. " This will help prevent your baby from becoming jaundiced."

c. "Your baby's gut is sterile, and this will help the blood to clot."

The nurse is assisting the patient with gout to mark his menu. Which of the following would the nurse recommend he avoid? a. Cheese pizza b. Tossed salad with cucumbers c. Beef liver & onions d. Egg salad sandwich

c. Beef liver & onions

A patient's medication order indicates that he is to receive a dose of cosyntropin (Cortrosyn). The nurse is aware that this drug is used to diagnose which condition? a. Diabetes insipidus b. Pituitary dwarfism c. Adrenocortical insufficiency d. Myasthenia gravis

c. Adrenocortical insufficiency

Before beginning a patient's therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, the nurse will assess for concurrent use of which medications or medication class? a. Aspirin b. Diuretics c. Anticoagulants d. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

c. Anticoagulants

Which is the preferred treatment for the diagnosis of syphilis in a teenage client? a. Nitrofurantoin, a macrolide, PO BID for 1 month b. Doxycycline, a tetracycline, po every 4 hours for 10 days c. Benzathine penicillin G, an antibiotuc, IM one time only d. Miconazole, and antifungal, topical for one week

c. Benzathine penicillin G, an antibiotuc, IM one time only

When monitoring a patient who is taking a cholinergic drug, the nurse will watch for which cardiovascular effect? a. Vasoconstriction b. Palpitations c. Bradycardia d. Tachycardia

c. Bradycardia

The nurse is reviewing new postoperative orders and notes that the order reads, "Give hydroxyzine (Vistaril) 50 mg IV prn nausea or vomiting." The patient is complaining of slight nausea. Which action by the nurse is correct at this time? a. Give the dose orally instead of intravenously. b. Hold the dose until the patient complains of severe nausea. c. Call the prescriber to question the route that is ordered. d. Give the patient the IV dose of hydroxyzine as ordered.

c. Call the prescriber to question the route that is ordered.

A patient has been given a prescription for levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) for her newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. She asks the nurse, "Why are there two drugs in this pill?" The nurse's best response reflects which fact? a. Carbidopa is the biologic precursor of dopamine and can penetrate into the CNS. b. There are concerns about drug-food interactions with levodopa therapy that do not exist with the combination therapy. c. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery. d. Carbidopa allows for larger doses of levodopa to be given.

c. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery.

During the implementation phase of the nursing process, which action will the nurse perform when administering medications? a. Switch the route of administration based on drug availability. b. Call the patient by name when entering the room to verify the drug is for the right person. c. Check the patient's armband before administering the medication. d. Prepare medications for all patients first, then administer by room to manage time appropriately.

c. Check the patient's armband before administering the medication.

A patient has been started on therapy of a continuous infusion of lidocaine after receiving a loading dose of the drug. The nurse will monitor the patient for which adverse effect? a. Dry mouth b. Drowsiness c. Convulsions d. Nystagmus

c. Convulsions

When reviewing the laboratory values of a patient who is taking antithyroid drugs, the nurse will monitor for which adverse effect? a. Decreased glucose levels b. Increased platelet count c. Decreased white blood cell count d. Increased red blood cell count

c. Decreased white blood cell count

The 72-year-old client is admitted to the medical unit diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of diverticulosis. The health-care provider has prescribed the intravaneous antibiotic ceftriaxone (Rocephin). Which intervention should the nurse implement first? a. Assesss the client's most recent vital signs b. Send a stool specimen to the laboratory c. Determine if the client has any known allergies d. Monitor the client's white blood cell count

c. Determine if the client has any known allergies

At 0900, the nurse is about to give morning medications, and the patient has asked for a dose of antacid for severe heartburn. Which schedule for the antacid and medications is correct? a. Give both the antacid and medications at 0900. b. Give the medications at 0900, and then the antacid at 0915. c. Give the medications at 0900, and then the antacid at 1000. d. Give the antacid at 0900, and then the medications at 0930.

c. Give the medications at 0900, and then the antacid at 1000.

A 72-year-old man has a new prescription for an anticholinergic drug. He is an active man and enjoys outdoor activities, such as golfing and doing his own yard work. What will the nurse emphasize to him during the teaching session about his drug therapy? a. Increased salivation may occur during exercise and outside activities. b. Fluid volume deficits may occur as a result of an increased incidence of diarrhea. c. He will need to take measures to reduce the occurrence of heat stroke during his activities. d. Drowsiness may interfere with his outdoor activities.

c. He will need to take measures to reduce the occurrence of heat stroke during his activities.

A patient with risk factors for coronary artery disease asks the nurse about the "good cholesterol" laboratory values. The nurse knows that "good cholesterol" refers to which lipids? a. Triglycerides b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) d. Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)

c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

You are called to your patient's room by a family member who voices concern about the patient's status. On assessment, you find the patient tachypnic, lethargic, weak, and exhibiting a diminished cognitive ability. You also find 3+ pitting edema. What electrolyte imbalance would you suspect? a. Hypercalcemia b. Hyponatremia c. Hyperchloremia d. Hypophosphatemia

c. Hyperchloremia

When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, which of these assessment measures would best reflect the patient's fluid volume status? a. Measurements of abdominal girth and calf circumference b. Blood pressure and pulse c. Intake, output, and daily weight d. Serum potassium and sodium levels

c. Intake, output, and daily weight

Mannitol (Osmitrol) has been ordered for a patient with acute renal failure. The nurse will administer this drug using which procedure? a. By mouth in a single morning dose b. Through a gravity intravenous drip with standard tubing c. Intravenously, through a filter d. By rapid intravenous bolus

c. Intravenously, through a filter

While monitoring a patient who had surgery under general anesthesia 2 hours ago, the nurse notes a sudden elevation in body temperature. This finding may be an indication of which problem? a. Malignant hypertension b. Tachyphylaxis c. Malignant hyperthermia d. Postoperative infection

c. Malignant hyperthermia

For which activity is the nurse responsible during the evaluation phase of drug administration? a. Preparing and administering prescribed medications safely b. Planning measurable outcomes for the patient related to drug therapy c. Monitoring the patient continuously for therapeutic as well as adverse effects d. Gathering data in a drug and dietary history

c. Monitoring the patient continuously for therapeutic as well as adverse effects

A drug given by which route is altered by the first-pass effect? a. Sublingual b. Subcutaneous c. Oral d. Intravenous

c. Oral

A patient will be taking bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) to control diarrhea. When reviewing the patient's other ordered medications, the nurse recognizes that which medication or medication class will interact significantly with the Pepto-Bismol? a. Antidepressants b. acetaminophen (Tylenol) c. Oral hypoglycemic drugs d. Antibiotics

c. Oral hypoglycemic drugs

A patient in the neurologic intensive care unit is being treated for cerebral edema. Which class of diuretic is used to reduce intracranial pressure? a. Vasodilators b. Loop diuretics c. Osmotic diuretics d. Thiazide diuretics

c. Osmotic diuretics

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a severe overdose of a benzodiazepine. The nurse immediately prepares to administer which antidote from the emergency drug cart? a naloxone (Narcan) b naltrexone (ReVia) c nalmefene (Revex) d flumazenil (Romazicon)

d flumazenil (Romazicon)

What is the study of the physiochemical properties of drugs and how they influence the body called? a. Pharmacokinetics b. Pharmacotherapeutics c. Pharmacodynamics d. Pharmacology

c. Pharmacodynamics

A patient receiving narcotic analgesics for chronic pain can minimize the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects by a taking Lomotil with each dose. b eating foods high in lactobacilli. c taking the medication on an empty stomach. d increasing fluid and fiber in the diet.

d increasing fluid and fiber in the diet.

A patient is receiving a tube feeding through a gastrostomy. The nurse expects that which type of drug will be used to promote gastric emptying for this patient? a. Neuroleptic drugs, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine) b. Serotonin blockers, such as ondansetron (Zofran) c. Prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide (Reglan) d. Anticholinergic drugs, such as scopolamine (Scopace)

c. Prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide (Reglan)

The nursing instructor is talking about anticoagulant therapy. The instructor explains that when administering warfarin (Coumadin) to a client with deep vein thrombophlebitis, the nurse monitors the PTT, PT , INR, and hematocrit. Which laboratory value would the instructor teach the class that indicate warfarin is at therapeutic levels? a. International normalized ratio (INR) of 3 to 4 b. Hematocrit of 32% c. Prothrombin time (PT) 1 1/2 to 2 times the control d. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 1 1/2 to 2 times the control

c. Prothrombin time (PT) 1 1/2 to 2 times the control

A patient will be discharged on quinidine sulfate (Quinidex) extended-release tablets for the treatment of ventricular ectopy. The nurse will include which information in the teaching plan? a. If any tablet or capsule is visible in the stool, contact the prescriber immediately. b. It is important to use sunscreen products when outside because of increased photosensitivity. c. Signs of cinchonism, such as tinnitus, loss of hearing, or slight blurring of vision, may occur. d. The medication should be stopped once the cardiac symptoms subside.

c. Signs of cinchonism, such as tinnitus, loss of hearing, or slight blurring of vision, may occur.

The nurse is administering eardrops that contain a combination of an antibiotic and a corticosteroid. What is the rationale for combining these two drugs in eardrops? a. The corticosteroid reduces pain associated with ear infections. b. The combination works to help soften and eliminate cerumen. c. The corticosteroid reduces the inflammation and itching associated with ear infections. d. The drops help to eliminate fungal infections.

c. The corticosteroid reduces the inflammation and itching associated with ear infections.

Which are the appropriate landmarks for an intramuscular injection into the dorsogluteal region? a. A "V" formation between the anterior superior iliac spine and the greater trochanter b. A handbreadth below the greater trochanter and the sacroiliac joint c. The dorsogluteal region is no longer recommended for injection; select a different site. d. Below the iliac spine and between the greater trochanter and the iliac crest

c. The dorsogluteal region is no longer recommended for injection; select a different site.

A patient has been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and is started on the biguanide metformin (Glucophage). The nurse knows that the purpose of the metformin, in this situation, is which of these? a. To increase the pancreatic secretion of insulin b. To decrease the pancreatic secretion of insulin c. To decrease insulin resistance d. To increase blood glucose levels

c. To decrease insulin resistance

The nurse is reviewing a patient's medication history and notes that the patient is taking the cholinergic blocker tolterodine (Detrol). Which is an indication for this medication? a. Irritable bowel disease b. Reduction of secretions preoperatively c. Urge incontinence d. Induction of mydriasis

c. Urge incontinence

You are working in the ICU and have just been notified that you are receiving a patient from the Obstetrics unit who is in hypovolemic shock due to massive blood loss during delivery. You know that the best choice for fluid replacement for this patient is what? a. 5% Albumin because it is inexpensive and is always readily available b. Dextran because it increases intravascular volume and counteracts coagulopathy c. Whatever fluid that is most readily available in the ICU, due to the nature of the emergency d. Lactated Ringer's solution because it increases volume, buffers acidosis, and is the best choice for patients with liver failure

c. Whatever fluid that is most readily available in the ICU, due to the nature of the emergency

A patient about to receive a morning dose of digoxin has an apical pulse of 53 beats/minute. What will the nurse do next? a. Administer the dose. b. Check the radial pulse for 1 full minute. c. Withhold the dose, and notify the prescriber. d. Administer the dose, and notify the prescriber.

c. Withhold the dose, and notify the prescriber.

Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to a. be absorbed by the body. b. exert a response. c. be eliminated by the body. d. reach a therapeutic level.

c. be eliminated by the body.

A patient who has received some traumatic news is panicking and asks for some medication to help settle down. The nurse anticipates giving which drug that is most appropriate for this situation? a. zolpidem (Ambien) b. phenobarbital c. diazepam (Valium) d. cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

c. diazepam (Valium)

The nurse is reviewing the medication orders for a patient who will be taking an H2 antagonist. Which drug may have an interaction if taken along with the H2 antagonist? a. tetracycline (Doryx) b. ranitidine (Zantac) c. ketoconazole (Nizoral) d. ibuprofen (Motrin)

c. ketoconazole (Nizoral)

A mother of a 1-month-old infant calls the clinic and asks the nurse if the medication she is taking can be passed to her infant during breastfeeding. What is the appropriate response for this patient? a "You should not take any medication while breastfeeding." b "Only certain medications pass to infants while breastfeeding." c "I will leave the doctor a message to return your call." d "Drugs can cross from mother to infant in breast milk, so it will depend on the drug you are taking."

d "Drugs can cross from mother to infant in breast milk, so it will depend on the drug you are taking."

When planning to administer an intradermal medication, the nurse recognizes that the preferred site of injection on the forearm is a just above the wrist. b just below the antecubital space. c 2 to 4 finger widths above the wrist. d 3 to 4 finger widths below the antecubital space.

d 3 to 4 finger widths below the antecubital space.

When admitting an elderly patient to an acute care setting, which nursing strategy is most appropriate to prevent medication errors? a Call the primary care physician to verify current medications. b Ask the patient's family to verify medications the patient was taking at home. c Ask the patient to provide you with a written list of all medications being taken at home. d Ask the patient and/or family to bring in all medications the patient was taking at home.

d Ask the patient and/or family to bring in all medications the patient was taking at home.

When calculating pediatric dosages, what will the nurse take into consideration? a Utilization of drug reference recommendations based on mg/kg of body weight is the preferred method. b Calculated doses based on body weight need to be increased by 10% due to immature renal and hepatic function. c Dosage calculation according to body weight is the most accurate method because it takes into account differences in maturational development. d Dosage calculation by body surface area is the most accurate method because it takes into account the difference in size of the child and/or neonate.

d Dosage calculation by body surface area is the most accurate method because it takes into account the difference in size of the child and/or neonate.

What legislation, which was passed in 1996, ensures the privacy of patient information is protected? a Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act b Durham-Humphrey Amendment c Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act d Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

d Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

The nurse administers a medication to the wrong client. Which is the appropriate nursing action following this error? a Assess the client for an adverse reaction and report if an adverse event occurs. b Document the medication error. No further action is required. c Report the error and document the medication on the patient chart. d Notify the provider and document the error on an incident report.

d Notify the provider and document the error on an incident report.

Which assessment findings best support the nursing diagnosis of "Deficient knowledge related to medication therapy"? a Patient is not taking medication as directed. b Patient is not reporting side effects as directed. c Patient is unwilling to comply with medication therapy. d Patient is unable to verbalize reason for taking the medication.

d Patient is unable to verbalize reason for taking the medication.

A pharmaceutical company is voluntarily conducting a postmarketing study to obtain further proof of the therapeutic effects of a new drug. What phase of drug study is this considered? a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV

d Phase IV

A patient needs to switch analgesic drugs secondary to an adverse reaction to the present regimen. The patient is concerned that he will not receive an effective dose of a new drug to control pain. The nurse responds based on knowledge that potencies of analgesics are determined using an equianalgesic table comparing doses of these drugs with what prototype? a meperidine b fentanyl c codeine d morphine

d morphine

Ethically, a nurse has the responsibility to a employ beneficence, the duty to do no harm to a patient. b withhold information from the patient as requested by the family. c impose his or her own values upon the patient when doing so would help the patient. d transfer care of a patient to another professional nurse if caring for the patient would violate personal ethical principles.

d transfer care of a patient to another professional nurse if caring for the patient would violate personal ethical principles.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking naproxen (Naprosyn) following an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following comments by the client requires further discussion by the nurse? a. "I signed up for a swimming class." b. "The Naprosyn goes down easier when I crush it and put it in applesauce." c. "I've lost 2 pounds since my appointment 2 weeks ago." d. "I've been buying Tagamet to help with the indigestion I've had."

d. "I've been buying Tagamet to help with the indigestion I've had."

A patient on diuretic therapy calls the clinic because he's had the flu, with "terrible vomiting and diarrhea," and he has not kept anything down for 2 days. He feels weak and extremely tired. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. "You will need an increased dosage of the diuretic because of your illness. Let me speak to the physician." b. "It's important to try to stay on your prescribed medication. Try to take it with sips of water." c. "Stop taking the diuretic for a few days, and then restart it when you feel better." d. "Please come into the clinic for an evaluation to make sure there are no complications."

d. "Please come into the clinic for an evaluation to make sure there are no complications."

A patient has prescriptions for two inhalers. One inhaler is a bronchodilator, and the other is a corticosteroid. Which instruction regarding these inhalers will the nurse give to the patient? a. "Take the corticosteroid inhaler first." b. "It does not matter which inhaler you use first." c. "Take these two drugs at least 2 hours apart." d. "Take the bronchodilator inhaler first."

d. "Take the bronchodilator inhaler first."

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who will be taking the laxative bisacodyl (Dulcolax). Which statement by the nurse is appropriate during this teaching session? a. "This laxative is not known to cause dependence." b. "In a normal bowel pattern, a bowel movement occurs daily." c. "You can crush the laxative tablets for improved action." d. "Take the tablets with water, not milk or juice."

d. "Take the tablets with water, not milk or juice."

A patient is to receive testosterone therapy via a transdermal patch. He asks the nurse, "Why am I getting a patch? Can't I just take a pill?" Which response by the nurse is correct? a. "You will only have to change the patch weekly." b. "If you don't take the patch, you will have to have injections instead." c. "The patch reduces the incidence of side effects." d. "The patch allows for better absorption of the medication."

d. "The patch allows for better absorption of the medication."

The nursing process is important as a well-established, research-supported framework for professional nursing practice. Which is the correct order for the steps of the nursing process? a. Evaluation, Planning, Diagnoses, Assessment, Implementation b. Planning, Assessment, Diagnoses, Implementation, Evaluation c. Diagnoses, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation d. Assessment, Diagnoses, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

d. Assessment, Diagnoses, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

The nurse is reviewing drug therapy for hypertension. According to the JNC 7 guidelines, antihypertensive drug therapy for a newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertensive African-American patient would most likely include which drug or drug classes? a. Vasodilators alone b. ACE inhibitors alone c. Beta blockers with thiazide diuretics d. Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics

d. Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics

A patient with severe liver disease is receiving the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril (Capoten). The nurse is aware that the advantage of this drug for this patient is which characteristic? a. Captopril is a prodrug and is metabolized by the liver before becoming active. b. Captopril has little effect on electrolyte levels. c. Captopril rarely causes first-dose hypotensive effects. d. Captopril is not a prodrug and does not need to be metabolized by the liver before becoming active.

d. Captopril is not a prodrug and does not need to be metabolized by the liver before becoming active.

When monitoring a patient who is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), the nurse notes that which drug is most likely to cause a severe interaction with the diuretic? a. Penicillin b. Aspirin c. Potassium supplements d. Digitalis

d. Digitalis

When administering mineral oil, the nurse recognizes that it can interfere with the absorption of which substance? a. Electrolytes b. Minerals c. Water-soluble vitamins d. Fat-soluble vitamins

d. Fat-soluble vitamins

A client is receiving amphotericin B, a systemic antifungal. The nurse will reinforce teaching by telling the client that he should watch for: a. Constipation b. Heartburn c. Headache d. Fever and chills

d. Fever and chills

When giving dextromethorphan, the nurse understands that this drug suppresses the cough reflex by which mechanism of action? a. Decreasing the viscosity of the bronchial secretions b. Causing depression of the central nervous system c. Anesthetizing the stretch receptors d. Having direct action on the cough center

d. Having direct action on the cough center

The nurse is assessing the patient for the presence of a Chvostek's sign. What electrolyte imbalance does a positive Chvostek's sign indicate? a. Hypermagnesemia b. Hypercalcemia c. Hyperkalemia d. Hypocalcemia

d. Hypocalcemia

A patient is taking intravenous aminophylline for a severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The nurse will assess for which therapeutic response? a. Increased sputum production b. Increased respiratory rate c. Increased heart rate d. Increased ease of breathing

d. Increased ease of breathing

A patient has come to the OB/GYN clinic with complaints of a heavy menstrual flow. The nurse knows that red blood cell production will be increased in the patient's body. Because of this, the nurse is aware that the patient may need to increase her daily intake of what? a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin C c. Magnesium d. Iron

d. Iron

During the administration of finasteride (Proscar), the nurse must remember which important precaution? a. The patient needs to be warned that alopecia is a common adverse effect. b. It must be taken on an empty stomach. c. It is given by deep intramuscular injection to avoid tissue irritation. d. It must not be handled by pregnant women.

d. It must not be handled by pregnant women.

The prescriber has changed the patient's medication regimen to include the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast (Singulair) to treat asthma. The nurse will emphasize which point about this medication? a. The patient needs to keep it close by at all times to treat acute asthma attacks. b. When the asthma symptoms improve, the dosage schedule can be tapered and eventually discontinued. c. The proper technique for inhalation must be followed. d. It needs to be taken every day on a continuous schedule, even if symptoms improve.

d. It needs to be taken every day on a continuous schedule, even if symptoms improve.

A patient who is taking propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism wants to know how this medicine works. Which explanation by the nurse is accurate? a. It destroys overactive cells in the thyroid gland. b. It blocks the action of thyroid hormone. c. It inactivates already existing thyroid hormone in the bloodstream. d. It slows down the formation of thyroid hormone.

d. It slows down the formation of thyroid hormone.

The nurse is teaching a patient who will be taking a proton pump inhibitor as long-term therapy about potential adverse effects. Which statement is correct? a. Proton pump inhibitors can cause diarrhea. b. These drugs can cause nausea and anorexia. c. Proton pump inhibitors cause drowsiness. d. Long-term use of these drugs may contribute to osteoporosis.

d. Long-term use of these drugs may contribute to osteoporosis.

Which action, when performed by the nurse, will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly? a. Applying cold packs to the injection site b. Lowering the extremity below the level of the heart c. Administering the medication via the Z-track method d. Massaging the site after injection

d. Massaging the site after injection

What is an alternate name for biotransformation of a drug? a. Absorption b. Dilution c. Excretion d. Metabolism

d. Metabolism

The client diagnosed with pernicious anemia is prescribed cyanocobalamin (Cyanabin), Vitamin B12. Which intervention should the nurse implement? a. Administer the subcutaneous injection into the lower outer aspect of the abdomen. b. Double-check the dose with another registered nurse. c. Instruct the client to sip the medication through a straw. d. Monitor the client's serum potassium level.

d. Monitor the client's serum potassium level.

The nurse is reviewing the use of anticholinergic drugs. Anticholinergic drugs block the effects of which nervous system? a. Sympathetic nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Somatic nervous system d. Parasympathetic nervous system

d. Parasympathetic nervous system

When a human body receives an injury that causes blood loss, there are several processes involved in maintaining hemostasis. When a blood clot is no longer needed, what digests the fibrinogen and fibrin? a. Thrombin b. Plasminogen c. Prothrombin d. Plasmin

d. Plasmin

The client with hepatitis is being treated with interferon alfa (Remeron), a biological response modifier. Which information should the clinic nurse discuss with the client? a. Tell the client that the skin will become yellow while taking this medication b. Discuss that the client may experience som abnormal bruising and bleeding c. Explain that if flulike symptoms occur, the client should stop taking the medication d. Recommend taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) before the injection

d. Recommend taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) before the injection

A patient is recovering from a minor automobile accident that occurred 1 week ago. He is taking cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) for muscular pain and goes to physical therapy three times a week. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for him? a. Risk for addiction related to psychological dependency b. Decreased fluid volume related to potential adverse effects c. Disturbed sleep pattern related to the drug's interference with REM sleep d. Risk for falls related to decreased sensorium

d. Risk for falls related to decreased sensorium

You are caring for a patient with a secondary diagnosis of hypermagnesemia. What would you assess this patient for? a. Hypertension b. Kussmaul respirations c. Increased DTRs d. Shallow respirations

d. Shallow respirations

A 73-year-old male patient is in the clinic for a yearly physical and is asking for a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra). He has listed on his health history that he is taking a nitrate for angina. The nurse is aware that which problem may occur if sildenafil is taken with a nitrate? a. Reduced effectiveness of the sildenafil b. Increased risk of bleeding c. Significant increase in pulse rate d. Significant decrease in blood pressure

d. Significant decrease in blood pressure

A patient who has been diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome will be given cevimeline for the treatment of xerostomia. The nurse will monitor for what therapeutic effect? a. Reduction of salivation b. Improvement of fine-motor control c. Reduction of gastrointestinal peristalsis d. Stimulation of salivation

d. Stimulation of salivation

The client with osteoarthritis who is taking the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), calls the clinic and reports having black, tarry stools. Which intervention should the clinic nurse implement? a. Ask if the client is taking any kind of iron prepartation. b. Instruct the client to bring a stool specimen to the clinic. c. Explain that this is a side effect of the medication. d. Tell the client to not take any more of the Celebrex.

d. Tell the client to not take any more of the Celebrex.

The public health nurse notified a young woman that one of her sexual contacts was positive for hepatitis B. The woman denied ever having hepatitis B or having received the hepatitis B vaccinations. Which information is most important for the nurse to discuss with the woman? a. Instruct the woman not tho unprotected intercourse b. Advise the woman not to drink any type of alcoholic beverage c. Encourage the client to get the hepatitis B vaccination d. Tell the woman to get the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)

d. Tell the woman to get the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)

Which of the following would most accurately indicate that a therapeutic range for a medication had been reached? a. The medication was effective, but the patient experienced a lethal dysrhythmia. b. A pre-specified amount (in milligrams) was administered c. No serious adverse effects are experienced following administration. d. The indication for administration was achieved without serious side effects.

d. The indication for administration was achieved without serious side effects.

The nurse should include which information when evaluating the outcome after a patient's medication has been administered? a. Dose of medication administered b. Time medication administered c. Patient allergies to medications d. Therapeutic effect on patient

d. Therapeutic effect on patient

A patient has a prescription for oxybutynin (Ditropan), an anticholinergic drug. When reviewing the patient's medical history, which condition, if present, would be considered a contraindication to therapy with this drug? a. Diarrhea b. Hypertension c. Neurogenic bladder d. Uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma

d. Uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma

When a patient is taking an anticholinergic such as benztropine (Cogentin) as part of the treatment for Parkinson's disease, the nurse should include which information in the teaching plan? a. Discontinue the medication if adverse effects occur. b. Minimize the amount of fluid taken while on this drug. c. Take the medication on an empty stomach to enhance absorption. d. Use artificial saliva, sugarless gum, or hard candy to counteract dry mouth.

d. Use artificial saliva, sugarless gum, or hard candy to counteract dry mouth.

A patient is in the emergency department with a new onset of rapid-rate atrial fibrillation, and the nurse is preparing a continuous infusion. Which drug is most appropriate for this dysrhythmia? a. atenolol (Tenormin) b. lidocaine c. adenosine (Adenocard) d. diltiazem (Cardizem)

d. diltiazem (Cardizem)

Which of the following clients should receive shingeles vaccine (Zostavax)? A client who... a. has never had chicken pox b. is at risk for genital herpes c. has a compromised immune system d. is over 60 years of age

d. is over 60 years of age

The nurse will be giving ophthalmic drugs to a patient with glaucoma. Which drug is used to reduce intraocular pressure? a. tobramycin (Tobrex) b. bacitracin (AK-Tracin) c. ketorolac (Acular) d. mannitol (Osmitrol)

d. mannitol (Osmitrol)

A patient who has a history of coronary artery disease has been instructed to take one 81-mg aspirin tablet a day. The nurse is aware that the purpose of this dose of aspirin is to a. reduce anxiety. b. relieve pain. c. reduce inflammation. d. prevent thrombus formation.

d. prevent thrombus formation.

The nurse is providing instructions to a patient who has a new prescription for a corticosteroid metered-dose inhaler. Which statement by the patient indicates that further instruction is needed? (Select all that apply.) a. "I will clean the plastic inhaler casing weekly by removing the canister and then washing the casing in warm soapy water. I will then let it dry before reassembling." b. "I will continue to use this inhaler, even if I am feeling better." c. "I will rinse my mouth with water after using the inhaler and then spit out the water." d. "I will use a peak flow meter to measure my response to therapy." e. "I will use this inhaler for asthma attacks." f. "I will gargle after using the inhaler and then swallow."

e, f