Exam 3

The ten years between 1970 and 1980 have been called the ________ of prison riots

"explosive decade"

What is the minimum age at which someone may commit first-degree murder and be sentenced to death?

18

The first mass prison system, in which inmates lived, ate, and worked together in enforced silence, was known as the ________ system

Auburn

A probation officer must get a search warrant before a search of a probationer's residence is permitted

False

Presentence investigations are conducted by the court

False

Status offenders are delinquent children who have been transferred to adult court

False

The typical American prison today is a maximum-security institution

False

Treatment programs in prison are more effective in reducing recidivism than treatment-oriented intensive supervision programs in the community

False

The day-fine system solves which objection to the use of fines?

Fines are unfair because more affluent offenders can buy their way out of prison while indigent offenders are unable to pay fines

Which of the following statements regarding mentally ill inmates is true?

Incarcerated women are more likely than men to be mentally ill

What is one of the key philosophical principles on which the juvenile court movement was based?

Juveniles are entitled to the same due process rights as adults

________ is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime

Mandatory sentencing

Which of the following sentences is a prisoner reentry strategy?

Parole

What is the main priority of justice reinvestment?

Prioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders

What is prison argot?

Prison slang

What is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the U.S. today?

Probation

What is the primary purpose of probation?

Rehabilitation

________ hearings determine whether parolees have violated the conditions of their parole

Revocation

________ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals and incarcerate them to protect society

Selective

Which type of sentence requires that offenders serve time in a local jail before a period of supervised probation?

Split sentence

Which of the following best describes female offenders?

Survivor of physical or sexual abuse as children

Which type of inmate is most likely to think of prison as his home?

The colonizer

What is civil death?

The legal status of inmates denied certain rights because they are incarcerated felons

Which of the following is a mitigating circumstance?

The offender acted under strong provocation

Which era of corrections was characterized by a lack of innovation and a focus on custody and institutional security?

The punitive era

Correctional authorities may not impose punishments on inmates without appropriate due process

True

Delinquent children would be considered criminals if they were adults

True

GPS monitoring has been very successful and is the latest tool being adopted by almost all states to track sex offenders

True

Inmates who challenge prison conditions must show deliberate indifference on the part of prison officials

True

Jails rarely provide programs for inmates who need drug treatment

True

Reform schools created by the child savers movement focused on pre-delinquent children

True

Research has shown that during the six months prior to release from prison, inmates begin to demonstrate a renewed appreciation for conventional values as opposed to prison values

True

The "nothing-works" doctrine contributed to a move away from rehabilitation

True

The use of fines is increasing in response to prison overcrowding problems

True

Victim restitution is a key element of the restorative justice model

True

The juvenile court's fact-finding process, which is similar to an adult trial, is known as a(n) ________ hearing

adjudicatory

Most female inmates are housed in ________

centralized state institutions dedicated exclusively to housing female offenders

Probation is ordered by the ________

court

15-year-old Mary breaks into Bob's apartment and steals his TV. Mary is a(n) ________ child

delinquent

General deterrence attempts to ________

discourage potential offenders from committing crimes

The ________ model of prison culture suggests that inmates bring values, roles, and behavioral patterns from the outside world

importation

A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison is an example of ________ sentencing

indeterminate

The emphasis on individual responsibility is a key characteristic of the ________ model

justice

The legal principle of parens patriae ________

permits the state to assume the role of the parents

The ________ model of corrections emphasized indeterminate sentencing and rehabilitation

reformatory

The primary objective of the juvenile court is _______

rehabilitation

The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes ________

retribution

Children who purchase cigarettes or alcohol are considered to be ________

status offenders

A(n) ________ institution is an enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives

total

According to the text, the fastest-growing population of jail inmates is _______

women