Exam 3
The ten years between 1970 and 1980 have been called the ________ of prison riots
"explosive decade"
What is the minimum age at which someone may commit first-degree murder and be sentenced to death?
18
The first mass prison system, in which inmates lived, ate, and worked together in enforced silence, was known as the ________ system
Auburn
A probation officer must get a search warrant before a search of a probationer's residence is permitted
False
Presentence investigations are conducted by the court
False
Status offenders are delinquent children who have been transferred to adult court
False
The typical American prison today is a maximum-security institution
False
Treatment programs in prison are more effective in reducing recidivism than treatment-oriented intensive supervision programs in the community
False
The day-fine system solves which objection to the use of fines?
Fines are unfair because more affluent offenders can buy their way out of prison while indigent offenders are unable to pay fines
Which of the following statements regarding mentally ill inmates is true?
Incarcerated women are more likely than men to be mentally ill
What is one of the key philosophical principles on which the juvenile court movement was based?
Juveniles are entitled to the same due process rights as adults
________ is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime
Mandatory sentencing
Which of the following sentences is a prisoner reentry strategy?
Parole
What is the main priority of justice reinvestment?
Prioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders
What is prison argot?
Prison slang
What is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the U.S. today?
Probation
What is the primary purpose of probation?
Rehabilitation
________ hearings determine whether parolees have violated the conditions of their parole
Revocation
________ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals and incarcerate them to protect society
Selective
Which type of sentence requires that offenders serve time in a local jail before a period of supervised probation?
Split sentence
Which of the following best describes female offenders?
Survivor of physical or sexual abuse as children
Which type of inmate is most likely to think of prison as his home?
The colonizer
What is civil death?
The legal status of inmates denied certain rights because they are incarcerated felons
Which of the following is a mitigating circumstance?
The offender acted under strong provocation
Which era of corrections was characterized by a lack of innovation and a focus on custody and institutional security?
The punitive era
Correctional authorities may not impose punishments on inmates without appropriate due process
True
Delinquent children would be considered criminals if they were adults
True
GPS monitoring has been very successful and is the latest tool being adopted by almost all states to track sex offenders
True
Inmates who challenge prison conditions must show deliberate indifference on the part of prison officials
True
Jails rarely provide programs for inmates who need drug treatment
True
Reform schools created by the child savers movement focused on pre-delinquent children
True
Research has shown that during the six months prior to release from prison, inmates begin to demonstrate a renewed appreciation for conventional values as opposed to prison values
True
The "nothing-works" doctrine contributed to a move away from rehabilitation
True
The use of fines is increasing in response to prison overcrowding problems
True
Victim restitution is a key element of the restorative justice model
True
The juvenile court's fact-finding process, which is similar to an adult trial, is known as a(n) ________ hearing
adjudicatory
Most female inmates are housed in ________
centralized state institutions dedicated exclusively to housing female offenders
Probation is ordered by the ________
court
15-year-old Mary breaks into Bob's apartment and steals his TV. Mary is a(n) ________ child
delinquent
General deterrence attempts to ________
discourage potential offenders from committing crimes
The ________ model of prison culture suggests that inmates bring values, roles, and behavioral patterns from the outside world
importation
A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison is an example of ________ sentencing
indeterminate
The emphasis on individual responsibility is a key characteristic of the ________ model
justice
The legal principle of parens patriae ________
permits the state to assume the role of the parents
The ________ model of corrections emphasized indeterminate sentencing and rehabilitation
reformatory
The primary objective of the juvenile court is _______
rehabilitation
The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes ________
retribution
Children who purchase cigarettes or alcohol are considered to be ________
status offenders
A(n) ________ institution is an enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives
total
According to the text, the fastest-growing population of jail inmates is _______
women
