Exam 3 BIO II
The hormone that helps remove calcium from the blood and stores it in bone is
Calcitonin
The semifluid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed
Chyme
Systolic pressure reflects the
Contraction of ventricles
ATP is required by cells for
DNA replication Movement Production of Proteins Growth
If you observed a group of animals for several weeks and only saw them eat dead and decaying matter, you would classify them as
Detritivores
In mammals, the contraction of the muscular _______________ expands the chest, pulling air into the lungs.
Diaphragm
Lipid-soluble hormones
Do not require a second messenger Have a slower response time than water-soluble hormones Pass through cell membranes Alter gene expression
Capillary walls consist only of
A single layer of endothelial cells.
A thin filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein
Actin
The small air sacs of the lungs are the
Alveoli
Aquatic invertebrates excrete ____________ , a very toxic waste product, directly into the water.
Ammonia
An organism that has behavioral strategies to manage the gain of heat from and the loss of heat to the environment, but lacks a physiological temperature-regulating mechanism, is termed a(n)
Ectotherm
The function of bile is to
Emulsify fats
An internal support structure and can be found in organisms in the phylum Echinodermata.
Endoskeleton
A mammal is _____ and has a body temperature _____.
Endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?
Epihelial
The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are
Erythrocytes
Which hormones are primary endocrine products of the ovaries?
Estrogen and Progesterone
Which of the following is part of the adaptive, rather than the innate, immune response?
Antibody Production
The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
The hormone that promotes conservation of water in the human endocrine system is
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)
Antigen
The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are
Arteries
Observing a patient in the hospital, you notice that the patient requests extra food at most meals, but has a low BMI and housekeeping frequently finds vomit on towels in the patient's room. You would diagnose
Bulimia
Receptors for the general senses are
found throughout the body
Biochemicals, known as __________, are produced by glands, travel through the bloodstream, and alter the metabolism of specific target cells.
hormones
The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)
hydrostatic skeleton
What would elevate melatonin secretion?
increase darkness exposure time
Immunological memory results from the production of
memory B cells and memory cytotoxic T cells.
The process used to control the level of water and ions in body fluids is termed
osmoregulation.
The endocrine gland that controls homeostasis in terms of blood glucose levels is the
pancreas
The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the
parathyroid gland
The liquid matrix of blood is
plasma
Fresh water is much more dilute than the cells of a fish, so the animal constantly takes in water at its gills. How would a freshwater fish osmoregulate?
produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water
Which type of receptor detects the location of limbs, head, and other body parts?
proprioceptor
The light-sensitive pigment found in animals' eyes is called
rhodopsin.
When examining a mutant mouse, you notice that its skeletal muscle looks very uniform, lacking in striations. To figure out what the mutation is in this mouse, you would begin by looking at
sarcomere organization
A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called
sensory adaptation.
What drives the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
simple diffusion down a concentration gradient
What is part of the axial skeleton
skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column
A tuft of capillaries within the kidney that obtains blood from the arterioles and filters it into the nephron is called the
Glomerulus
Senses are divided into two groups: general and special. Receptors for the special senses are limited to the
Head
The "master cells" of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are
Hyper T Cells
All of the glands in the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
In sequence of their occurrence, the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination
Blood has many functions in the human body. For example, it
Is liquid connective tissue Delivers nutrients to the cells of the body Delivers Oxygen to the cells of the body Helps remove wastes from the body
What would happen if you injected a calcium-channel blocking chemical into a muscle cell?
It would be unable to contract
The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the
Large Intestine
In the human pulmonary circuit, blood in the pulmonary artery would have _____ oxygen and _____ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.
Less More
Which organ or structure aids in digestion but is not part of the human alimentary canal?
Liver
The cell that participates in both the innate and adaptive defense by presenting antigens to activate helper T cells is the
Macrophage
Which is the basic unit in a skeletal muscle?
Muscle fiber
The functional units of the kidneys are the
Nephrons
Aerobic respiration consumes ____________ gas and generates ___________________ gas as a waste product.
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Which hormones is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
Are typically water-soluble and bind to receptors that extend from the plasma membrane of the target cell
Peptide hormones
The tough connective tissue sac surrounding the heart is the
Pericardium
In the human digestive system, ________ is the rhythmic smooth muscle contractions that aid in moving food along the system.
Peristalsis
What engulfs other cells and debris.
Phagocyte
In humoral immunity, cells that are produced by activated B cells and function by secreting antibodies are called
Plasma Cells
Where are blood cells and platelets produced?
Red bone marrow
A person with a defect in blood flow to the kidney would have a problem with the _______ artery.
Renal
Which animal(s) can get needed oxygen by diffusion of the gas across a body surface and can distribute oxygen without the need of a specialized circulatory system?
Sea anemones Flatworms
A heartbeat begins in the
Sinoatrial node
The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the
Small intestine
The openings in the exoskeleton of arthropods that allow oxygen into highly branched internal tubules that reach individual body cells are
Spiracles
The only animals that rely on intracellular digestion are
Sponges
Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include
The acidity of the stomach Tear fluid from the eye An unpunctured Skin Mucus and cilia of the respiratory tract
Which part of the human brain controls thermoregulation?
The hypothalamus
The scientific name of the "windpipe" is the
Trachea
True or False, The right ventricle sends blood to the lungs
True
A fast-twitch muscle fiber
Uses ATP quickly in short, fast contractions
A substance that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing a disease is termed a(n)
Vaccine
The region of an antibody molecule that recognizes and binds to an antigen is the
Variable Region
The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are
Veins
What sense is not one of the special senses?
touch
A subject in a physiological experiment who has been listening to loud noise for 5 minutes reports noticing the noise less over time. The nerve most involved in this sensory adaptation is the
auditory nerve
The snail-shaped _______________ transduces sound into nerve impulses.
cochlea
If you had a friend who was unable to see color, you would expect that your friend's eyes had defective
cone cells
The senses of equilibrium and balance derive from the
vestibular apparatus