Exam 3 BIO II

The hormone that helps remove calcium from the blood and stores it in bone is

Calcitonin

The semifluid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed

Chyme

Systolic pressure reflects the

Contraction of ventricles

ATP is required by cells for

DNA replication Movement Production of Proteins Growth

If you observed a group of animals for several weeks and only saw them eat dead and decaying matter, you would classify them as

Detritivores

In mammals, the contraction of the muscular _______________ expands the chest, pulling air into the lungs.

Diaphragm

Lipid-soluble hormones

Do not require a second messenger Have a slower response time than water-soluble hormones Pass through cell membranes Alter gene expression

Capillary walls consist only of

A single layer of endothelial cells.

A thin filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein

Actin

The small air sacs of the lungs are the

Alveoli

Aquatic invertebrates excrete ____________ , a very toxic waste product, directly into the water.

Ammonia

An organism that has behavioral strategies to manage the gain of heat from and the loss of heat to the environment, but lacks a physiological temperature-regulating mechanism, is termed a(n)

Ectotherm

The function of bile is to

Emulsify fats

An internal support structure and can be found in organisms in the phylum Echinodermata.

Endoskeleton

A mammal is _____ and has a body temperature _____.

Endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism

Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?

Epihelial

The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are

Erythrocytes

Which hormones are primary endocrine products of the ovaries?

Estrogen and Progesterone

Which of the following is part of the adaptive, rather than the innate, immune response?

Antibody Production

The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

The hormone that promotes conservation of water in the human endocrine system is

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)

Antigen

The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are

Arteries

Observing a patient in the hospital, you notice that the patient requests extra food at most meals, but has a low BMI and housekeeping frequently finds vomit on towels in the patient's room. You would diagnose

Bulimia

Receptors for the general senses are

found throughout the body

Biochemicals, known as __________, are produced by glands, travel through the bloodstream, and alter the metabolism of specific target cells.

hormones

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)

hydrostatic skeleton

What would elevate melatonin secretion?

increase darkness exposure time

Immunological memory results from the production of

memory B cells and memory cytotoxic T cells.

The process used to control the level of water and ions in body fluids is termed

osmoregulation.

The endocrine gland that controls homeostasis in terms of blood glucose levels is the

pancreas

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the

parathyroid gland

The liquid matrix of blood is

plasma

Fresh water is much more dilute than the cells of a fish, so the animal constantly takes in water at its gills. How would a freshwater fish osmoregulate?

produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water

Which type of receptor detects the location of limbs, head, and other body parts?

proprioceptor

The light-sensitive pigment found in animals' eyes is called

rhodopsin.

When examining a mutant mouse, you notice that its skeletal muscle looks very uniform, lacking in striations. To figure out what the mutation is in this mouse, you would begin by looking at

sarcomere organization

A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called

sensory adaptation.

What drives the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?

simple diffusion down a concentration gradient

What is part of the axial skeleton

skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column

A tuft of capillaries within the kidney that obtains blood from the arterioles and filters it into the nephron is called the

Glomerulus

Senses are divided into two groups: general and special. Receptors for the special senses are limited to the

Head

The "master cells" of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are

Hyper T Cells

All of the glands in the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

In sequence of their occurrence, the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are

Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination

Blood has many functions in the human body. For example, it

Is liquid connective tissue Delivers nutrients to the cells of the body Delivers Oxygen to the cells of the body Helps remove wastes from the body

What would happen if you injected a calcium-channel blocking chemical into a muscle cell?

It would be unable to contract

The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the

Large Intestine

In the human pulmonary circuit, blood in the pulmonary artery would have _____ oxygen and _____ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.

Less More

Which organ or structure aids in digestion but is not part of the human alimentary canal?

Liver

The cell that participates in both the innate and adaptive defense by presenting antigens to activate helper T cells is the

Macrophage

Which is the basic unit in a skeletal muscle?

Muscle fiber

The functional units of the kidneys are the

Nephrons

Aerobic respiration consumes ____________ gas and generates ___________________ gas as a waste product.

Oxygen Carbon dioxide

Which hormones is released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin

Are typically water-soluble and bind to receptors that extend from the plasma membrane of the target cell

Peptide hormones

The tough connective tissue sac surrounding the heart is the

Pericardium

In the human digestive system, ________ is the rhythmic smooth muscle contractions that aid in moving food along the system.

Peristalsis

What engulfs other cells and debris.

Phagocyte

In humoral immunity, cells that are produced by activated B cells and function by secreting antibodies are called

Plasma Cells

Where are blood cells and platelets produced?

Red bone marrow

A person with a defect in blood flow to the kidney would have a problem with the _______ artery.

Renal

Which animal(s) can get needed oxygen by diffusion of the gas across a body surface and can distribute oxygen without the need of a specialized circulatory system?

Sea anemones Flatworms

A heartbeat begins in the

Sinoatrial node

The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the

Small intestine

The openings in the exoskeleton of arthropods that allow oxygen into highly branched internal tubules that reach individual body cells are

Spiracles

The only animals that rely on intracellular digestion are

Sponges

Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include

The acidity of the stomach Tear fluid from the eye An unpunctured Skin Mucus and cilia of the respiratory tract

Which part of the human brain controls thermoregulation?

The hypothalamus

The scientific name of the "windpipe" is the

Trachea

True or False, The right ventricle sends blood to the lungs

True

A fast-twitch muscle fiber

Uses ATP quickly in short, fast contractions

A substance that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing a disease is termed a(n)

Vaccine

The region of an antibody molecule that recognizes and binds to an antigen is the

Variable Region

The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are

Veins

What sense is not one of the special senses?

touch

A subject in a physiological experiment who has been listening to loud noise for 5 minutes reports noticing the noise less over time. The nerve most involved in this sensory adaptation is the

auditory nerve

The snail-shaped _______________ transduces sound into nerve impulses.

cochlea

If you had a friend who was unable to see color, you would expect that your friend's eyes had defective

cone cells

The senses of equilibrium and balance derive from the

vestibular apparatus